Wireless N Dual Band MiniPCI Module User Manual Version: 1.
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Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
FCC RadiationCommunication Exposure Statement: Commission (FCC) Radiation Exposure Federal This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled Statement environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure set forth for an IMPORTANT NOTE: uncontrolled environment.
R&TTE Compliance Statement This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL of March 9, 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE) The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) As of April 8, 2000.
CATALOG CHAPTER I: Product Information ............................................................. 1 1-1 Introduction and safety information ................................................................ 1 1-2 Safety Information ........................................................................................... 2 1-3 System Requirements ...................................................................................... 3 1-4 Package Contents ...................................................
CHAPTER IV: Appendix ............................................................................ 71 4-1 Specification .................................................................................................. 71 4-2 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................. 72 4-3 Glossary .........................................................................................................
CHAPTER I: Product Information 1-1 Introduction and safety information Thank you for purchasing this high-speed wireless dual band network card! This network card can operate in 2.4GHz or 5GHz wireless network. Excepting common wireless standards 802.11a/b/g, this wireless network card is also able to access 802.11n wireless networks - data transfer rate is 300Mbps, and that’s six times faster than 802.
1-2 Safety Information In order to keep the safety of users and your properties, please follow the following safety instructions: 1. This wireless network card is designed for indoor use only. DO NOT expose this network card to direct sun light, rain, or snow. 2. DO NOT put this network card at or near hot or humid places, like kitchen or bathroom. Also, do not left this wireless network card in the car in summer. 3.
1-3 System Requirements An empty Min-PCI port Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, Linux, WinCE or MAC operating system CD-ROM drive At least 100MB of available disk space 3
1-4 Package Contents Before you starting to use this wireless network card, please check if there’s anything missing in the package, and contact your dealer of purchase to claim for missing items: □ Wireless Network Card (1 pcs) ……………………………. 1 □ Quick Installation Guide (1 pcs) ………………………………… 3 □ Driver/Utility/User Manual CD-ROM (1pcs) …..……………….
CHAPTER II: Driver Installation and Configuration 2-1 Network Card Installation Please follow the following instructions to install your new wireless network card: 1. Turn off your computer and remove its cover. 2. Insert the Mini-PCI card to an available Mini-PCI slot firmly. 3. Secure the antenna to the antenna connector of the module. 4. Turn on the computer. 5. The following message will appear on your computer, click ‘cancel’.
6. Insert device driver CDROM into the CD/DVD ROM drive of your computer, and execute ‘Setup.exe’ program. Please read the end user license agreement and click ‘I accept the terms of the license agreement’ then click ‘Next’ button, to accept license agreement. 7. It is recommend installing driver and utility if the network card is installing the first time. If you want to update the driver only, choose ’Install driver only’. Click ‘Next’ to continue.
8. You can choose the configuration tool used to configure the wireless network card here. It’s recommended to select ‘Ralink Configuration Tool’, which provides fully access to all functions of this wireless network card. If you prefer to use the wireless configuration tool provided by Windows XP or Vista, please select ‘Microsoft Zero Configuration Tool’ then click ‘Next’. 9. Now you’ll see the following message, please click ‘Install’ to start utility installation.
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10. Please wait while the install procedure is running. When you see this message, please click ‘Finish’ to complete the driver installation process.
11. After installation is complete, wireless configuration utility will be shown in the desktop of your computer automatically. You will also see an icon at the lower-right corner of your windows system. If you put the mouse cursor on the icon, the status of wireless card will be displayed as a popup balloon. HERE! When you want to configure your wireless connection, please right click on this icon, and a popup menu will appear. You can click ‘Launch Config Utility’ to start configuration program.
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2-2 Connect to Wireless Access Point After the driver is correctly installed, it will try to connect to any unencrypted wireless access point automatically. If you want to connect to a specific wireless access point, or the access point you wish to connect uses encryption, you have to configure the wireless network card and input required parameters, to get connected to the wireless access point you wish to connect.
2-2-1 Using Ralink Utility Please follow the following instructions to use Ralink configuration utility to connect to wireless access point. 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then clicks ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2. Ralink setup utility (RaUI) will launch, and begin to scan for all wireless access points automatically. Menu Setup Area More / Less button RaUI consists two parts: Menu and setup area.
You can click ‘More / Less’ button again, and setup utility window will resume to its original size. Tip: If a setup item requires more information to complete the setup procedure, the setup utility window will expand automatically.
2-2-1-1 Scan for Other Wireless Devices There are two kinds of wireless connection mode: Infrastructure and Ad-Hoc. Infrastructure mode is used by wireless access points, which is able to establish wireless connection for you and other wireless / wired network clients.
Scan results will be displayed here, please check if the wireless device (access point or another computer) with the SSID you wish to connect is shown here. Scan result includes 6 types of information, they are: A B C D E A The SSID (Service Set Identifier) of wireless device. If nothing is displayed here, it means the SSID of this wireless device is hidden. symbol appears in front of the name of wireless device, means If a you’ve established connected with that wireless device.
C The wireless standard supported by this access point is displayed here. ‘n’ for 802.11n 802.11b WPS icon , ‘a’ for 802.11a , ‘g’ for 802.11g , and ‘b’ for . will appear when the access point supports WPS. If the access point uses encryption, a key icon will appear. Note: When the access point supports WPS and WPS icon appeared, you will not see the key icon is here even through the access point uses encryption. D Shows the signal strength of access point by percentage.
There are 4 types of technical information: General: Displays basic information about this access point, such as SSID, MAC Address, authentication / encryption type, channel etc. WPS: If this access point supports WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup), related information will be displayed here. CCX: If this access point supports CCX (Cisco Compatible eXtension), related information will be displayed here. 802.11n: If this access point complies with 802.11n draft, related information will be displayed here.
And here are descriptions of every setup item in setup area: Item Name Sorted by >> Show dBm Rescan Add to Profile Connect Description You can decide how to sort all listed access point by ‘SSID’, ‘Channel’, or ‘Signal’ (signal strength). Check this box to show the signal strength of access point, instead of percentage. Click this button to rescan access points. You can click this button for several times, if the access point you wish to use does not show in the list.
2-2-1-2 Connect to an Access Point If the wireless access point you wish to connect is found, you can establish connection with it by clicking ‘Connect’ button. Instructions will be given as follow: 1. Click the wireless access point or network device you wish to connect, it will be highlighted, then click ‘Connect’. If the access point you selected does not use encryption, you’ll be connected to this wireless access point within one minute.
3. If the wireless access point uses encryption, you will be prompted to input its WEP key or WPA preshared key.
4. Please ask the owner of the wireless access point you want to connect, and input the correct key here and then click ‘OK’. By checking ‘Show Password’ box, the encryption key you inputted here will be displayed. If the value you inputted here is wrong, you will not be able to connect to this wireless access point. Authentication type will be selected by the authentication type of the access point automatically, please don’t change it. However, if you’re connecting to an access point uses 802.
You can also click More / Less button ( information of connected access point: 23 ) to see detailed
2-2-1-3 Add an Access Point to Profile If you will connect to some specific wireless access point frequently, you can add their information to the profile. Just like the telephone directory, the profile saves all information of access points, and you can recall them anytime you wish to establish connection. You can add a found access point to profile, or input all information of an access point by yourself.
The setup utility will expand: Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name Profile Name SSID Network Type Tx Power Description You can give this profile a name. Every profile needs a unique name. Please input the SSID of this access point. If you selected an access point from the list, and its SSID is not hidden, the SSID will be filled automatically; however, you can modify the SSID by yourself. Please select the network type: Ad hoc or Infrastructure.
Preamble Channel Power Save Mode decide the best output power for you. Select the preamble for Ad hoc mode here. Available options are ‘Auto’ and ‘Long’. It’s suggested to select ‘Auto’ to let setup utility decide the preamble for you. You can select the radio channel number for AdHoc mode here. Please select CAM (constantly awake mode, keep wireless radio activity even when not transferring data), or PSM (Power saving mode, switches radio off when not transferring data).
To set authentication / encryption information for the access point. Please click ‘Auth. \ Encry.’ tab: Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name Description Authentication Select the authentication type of the wireless access point or wireless device you wish to connect. When you’re adding a profile from an existing access point or wireless device, authentication type will be selected automatically, and please do not change it.
profile from an existing access point or wireless device, the encryption type will be selected automatically, and please do not modify it. WPA Input WPA preshared key here. If encryption is not enabled, Preshared Key or you select ‘WEP’ as encryption type, this field will be disabled and grayed out. WEP Key You can select key type (Hexadecimal or ASCII) and input WEP key here. If encryption is not enabled, or you select ‘WPA’ as encryption type, this field will be disabled and grayed out.
To set 802.1x authentication for the access point. Please click ‘802.1X’ tab: Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name EAP Method Description Select 802.1x EAP method from dropdown menu. Please ask the administrator of the access point you wish to connect to select a correct EAP method. Tunnel Select 802.1x tunnel authentication type from dropdown Authentication menu. Please ask the administrator of the access point you wish to connect to select a correct tunnel authentication method.
Session Resumption ID \ Password tab Client Certification tab Server Certification tab If you need to use protected authentication credential, check ‘Use protected authentication credential’ box, and click ‘Import’ to load .pac credential file; to remove a loaded credential file, click ‘Remove’. You can enable or disable session resumption here. If you don’t know if you should enable session resumption or not, please ask your 802.1x authentication administrator. Input 802.
After you complete all information related to the access point, click ‘OK’ to save the profile, or click ‘cancel’ to cancel adding a new profile. If the profile is created, you will see the information in the Profile List.
2-2-2 Using Windows Zero Configuration Windows XP and Vista has a built-in wireless network configuration utility, called as ‘Windows Zero Configuration’ (WZC). You can also use WZC to configure your wireless network parameter: 1. Right-click Ralink configuration utility icon and select ‘Use Zero Configuration as Configuration utility’. 2. Right click Windows Zero Configuration icon and select ‘View Available Wireless Networks’.
3. Click ‘Start’ button (should be located at the bottom-left corner of windows desktop), click ‘Control Panel’, then click ‘Network and Internet Connections’ in Control Panel. 4. Click ‘Network Connections’.
5. Right-click ‘Wireless Network Connection’ (it may have a number as suffix if you have more than one wireless network card, please make sure you right-click the ‘Ralink 802.11n Wireless LAN Card), then select ‘View Available Wireless Networks’. 6. All wireless access points in proximity will be displayed here. If the access point you want to use is not displayed here, please try to move your computer closer to the access point, or you can click ‘Refresh network list’ to rescan access points.
7. If the access point is protected by encryption, you have to input its security key or passphrase here. It must match the encryption setting on the access point. If the access point you selected does not use encryption, you’ll not be prompted for security key or passphrase. 8. If you can see ‘Connected’ message, the connection between your computer and wireless access point is successfully established.
2-3 Profile Management If you need to connect to different wireless access points at different time, like of access point of your home, office, cybercafe, or public wireless service, you can store the connection parameters (encryption, passphrase, security etc, etc.) as a profile for every access point, so you don’t have to input these parameters every time when you want to connect to a specific wireless access point.
2-3-1 Add a profile If you want to click new profile, click ‘Profile’ menu, then click ‘Add’ button. You’ll be prompted to input detailed information of access point, as described in Section 2-2-1-3.
2-3-2 Edit an existing profile If you have added a profile before, and you wish to change the content of the profile, you can use this function. Please select a profile from the list first, then click ‘Edit’ button. You’ll be provided with the contents of selected profile, and you can edit them. Click ‘OK’ to save changes, or click ‘Cancel’ to discard changes.
2-3-3 Delete an existing profile If you no longer need a profile, you can delete it. Select the profile you wish to delete from the list, and click ‘Delete’ button to delete it.
2-3-4 Activate a profile When you want to connect to a specific wireless device in the profile list, you can select it and click ‘Activate’ button, to establish connection with it. When you selected a profile and click ‘Activate’ button to activate the icon will be displayed in front of the profile to show that the profile, a connection is failed; When the connection is successfully established, a icon will be displayed.
2-4 Advanced Settings This wireless network card provides several advanced settings for experienced wireless users. You can change these settings to increase data transfer performance, or change operation mode. Please follow the following instructions to set advanced wireless settings: 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2.
Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name Wireless mode Enable Tx Burst Enable TCP Window Size Fast Roaming Show Authentication Status Dialog Select Your Country Region Code Enable CCX Description Select the wireless operation mode of the network card. When ‘2.4GHz’ is selected, the network card can be operated in 802.11b/g/n wireless networks. When ‘5GHz’ is selected, the network card can be operated in 802.11a/n wireless networks. When ‘2.
improve the wireless performance with CCX compatible wireless devices. Check this box if you need to connect to CCX-compatible wireless devices. When you enabled CCX, the following setup items will become available: Turn on CCKM: Check this box to enable CCKM (Cisco Centralized Key Management), which enables wireless clients to roam between CCKM-enabled access points in very short time.
2-5 View Network Statistics The configuration utility provides information about network statistics and link status. If you want to know how your wireless network card works, you can use these functions to get detailed information about the wireless connection you’re using. Please follow the following instructions to check network statistics: 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2.
2-6 WMM Setting This wireless network card provides WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) function, which can improve the performance of certain network applications, like audio/video streaming, network telephony (VoIP), and others. When you enable the WMM function of this network card, you can define the priority of different kinds of data, to give higher priority to applications which require instant responding. Therefore you can improve the performance of such network applications.
In ‘WMM Setup Status’ block, current WMM settings will be displayed. And here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name WMM Enable WMM - Power Save Enable Description Check this box to enable WMM function. Please click ‘Apply’ button on the right of this check box after you check or uncheck this box, so corresponding settings in this window will be activated or deactivated respectively. Check this box to enable WMM power saving mode to save energy, and let your computer’s battery live longer.
2-7 WPS Configuration Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is the latest wireless network technology which makes wireless network setup become very simple. If you have WPS-enabled wireless access point, and you want to establish a secure connection to it, you don’t have to configure the wireless access point and setup data encryption by yourself.
2-7-1 WPS Setup - PBC (Push-Button Configuration) 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2. Click ‘WPS’ menu, and the following settings will appear. 3.
4. Before you start to establish the wireless connection by using WPS, you can click ‘Rescan’ button to search for WPS-enabled access points near you again, to make sure the WPS function of your access point is activated. All access points with WPS function enabled will be displayed here. Please make sure the access point you wish to connect is displayed. If not, please click ‘Rescan’ few more times. You can also click ‘Information’ button to see the detailed information about selected access point. 5.
6. You can click ‘Detail’ button to see detailed information of connected access point. If you wish to save this connection as a profile, you can click ‘Export Profile’ button, and this connection will be saved. You can find this connection in ‘Profile’ tab in a later time. 7. Sometime WPS may fail (In the following picture, WPS pairing is failed because no WPS-enabled access point is found): You can click ‘PBC’ button few more times to try again.
2-7-2 WPS Setup - PIN If the wireless access point you wish to connect supports PIN, please follow the following instructions to establish connection to it: 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2. Click ‘WPS Configuration’ menu, and the following settings will appear. 3. The PIN code of your wireless network card is an eight-digit number located at the upper-right position of configuration utility.
4. Click ‘PIN’ button now, and wait for few seconds to one minute. If a wireless access point with correct PIN code is found, you’ll be connected to that access point. 5. You may have to click ‘PIN’ for few more times to try again. If you still can not connect to access point by this way, please make sure the PIN code you provided to access point is correct.
2-8 Radio On/Off You can switch the wireless radio transceiver on and off by the utility, so if you want to disable wireless network function, you don’t have to remove the network card physically. 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2. To switch wireless radio on/off, please click ‘Radio On/Off’ button.
2-9 About The ‘About’ tab provides you the information about version number of the configuration utility, driver, and other important information about your wireless network card. Please follow the following instructions to see these information: 1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at lower-right corner of computer desktop and then click ‘Launch Config Utility’. 2. Click ‘About’ tab, and the following information will appear.
2-10 On-line Help If you need to know the directions of how to use specific function in the utility, please click ‘Help’ button. On-line help documents will be presented in Windows help format. Click this button to view on-line help documents.
CHAPTER III: Soft-AP Function Excepting become a wireless client of other wireless access points, this wireless card can act as a wireless service provider also! You can switch this wireless card’s operating mode to ‘AP’ mode to simulate the function of a real wireless access point by software, and all other computers and wireless devices can connect to your computer wirelessly, even share the internet connection you have! Please follow the instructions in following chapters to use the AP function of your w
A configuration window will appear after you switch the operation mode to ‘AP’, which asks you to assign an existing network card with internet connection. If your computer has another network card which is connected to Internet, please select it from ‘Name’ dropdown menu, and click ‘Enable ICS’; if your computer does not have another network card with Internet connection, please click ‘Not enable ICS’.
Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name SSID Channel Wireless Mode Description Please input the SSID (the name used to identify this wireless access point) here. Up to 32 numerical characters can be accepted here, excepting space. Please select the wireless channel you wish to use. The number of channels available here will vary depends on the setting of ‘Country Region Code’. Select the operation mode of the access point here. When ‘2.
Use Mac Address Security Setting Country Region Code No forwarding among wireless clients Hide SSID operated as 802.11b/g/n access point. When ‘5GHz’ is selected, the access point is operated as 802.11a/n access point. Click this button to use the MAC address of the wireless card as SSID. A prefix ‘AP’ will be added automatically. Set the security options (wireless data encryption). Please refer to chapter 3-2 ‘Security Settings’ for details. The available channels are differed from countries.
Idle Time according to your actual needs. You may not need 100% of output power if other wireless clients are not far from you. Select the idle time for the wireless access point. Default value is 300. Do not modify this value unless you know what will be affected. To save changes, click ‘Apply button. Or you can click ‘Default’ to reset all values to factory default value.
3-2 Security Setting This wireless card supports wireless encryption in AP mode, which will encrypt the data being transferred over the air to enhance data security level. It’s recommended to enable data encryption unless you wish to open your computer (and its internet connection) to the public.
Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name Authentication Type Encryption Type WPA Pre-shared Key Group Rekey Interval Wep Key Description Please select a wireless authentication type you wish to use. Available options are ‘Open’, ‘Shared’, WPA-PSK’, ‘WPA2-PSK’, and ‘WPA-PSK / WPA2-PSK’. If you want to disable wireless data encryption, you must select ‘Open’. Please select an encryption mode. The available options in this setting item will vary depending on the authentication type you select.
Show Password characters if you select ASCII. 128 bits encryption is safer then 64 bits, but the data transfer speed will be slightly reduced. Check this box and the WPA pre-shared key or WEP key you inputted will be shown, but not replaced by asterisk (*). When you finish with setting and want to save changes, click ‘OK’ button, or click ‘Cancel’ button to discard all changes you made.
3-3 Access Control If you’re not going to open your computer and wireless resources to the public, you can use MAC address filtering function to enforce your access control policy, so only wireless clients with MAC address you defined by this function can be connected to your software access point.
Here are descriptions of every setup item: Item Name Access Policy Description Select the policy type of your access rule. Disable: Allow any wireless client with proper authentication settings to connect to this access point. Allow All: Only allow wireless clients with MAC address listed here to connect to this access point. MAC address Add Delete Remove All Reject All: Reject wireless clients with MAC address listed here to be connected to this access point.
3-4 Connection Table If you want to see the list of all wireless clients connected to this access point, please select ‘Mac Table’ tab from the utility.
Here are descriptions of every field: Item Name MAC Address AID Power Saving Mode Status Description Displays the MAC address of this wireless client. The serial number of this wireless connection. Displays the capability of power-saving function of this wireless client. Displays additional information of this wireless Connection, like current wireless operating mode and data transfer rate.
3-5 Event Log This software access point will log all wireless-related activities as a log. Click ‘Event Log’ tab, and the event log will be displayed. You can click ‘Clear’ to remove all entries in the log.
3-6 Statistics If you want to know detailed information about how your software access point works, click ‘Statistics’ tab, and the event log will be displayed. You can click ‘RESET COUNTERS’ button to reset all counters to zero.
3-7 About The ‘About’ tab provides you the information about version number of the configuration utility, driver, and other important information about your wireless access point.
CHAPTER IV: Appendix 4-1 Specification Standards: IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n Interface: Mini-PCI Frequency Band: 2.4000~2.4835GHz (subject to local regulations) 4.900~5.800GHz (subject to local regulations) Data Rate: 11a: 6/9/12/24/36/48/54Mbps 11b: 1/2/5.5/11Mbps 11g: 6/9/12/24/36/48/54Mbps 11n (20MHz, 5G/2.4G): MCS0-15 (up to 144Mbps) 11n (40MHz, 5G/2.
4-2 Troubleshooting If you encounter any problem when you’re using this wireless network card, don’t panic! Before you call your dealer of purchase for help, please check this troubleshooting table, the solution of your problem could be very simple, and you can solve the problem by yourself! Scenario I can’t find any wireless access point / wireless device in ‘Site Survey’ function. Nothing happens when I click ‘Launch Config Utility’ I can not establish Solution 1.
connection with a certain wireless access point The network is slow / having problem when transferring large files 2. If the SSID of access point you wish to connect is hidden (nothing displayed in ‘SSID’ field in ‘Site Survey’ function), you have to input correct SSID of the access point you wish to connect. Please contact the owner of access point to ask for correct SSID. 3. You have to input correct security key to connect an access point with encryption.
4-3 Glossary 1. What is the IEEE 802.11g standard? 802.11g is the new IEEE standard for high-speed wireless LAN communications that provides for up to 54 Mbps data rate in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is quickly becoming the next mainstream wireless LAN technology for the home, office and public networks. 802.11g defines the use of the same OFDM modulation technique specified in IEEE 802.11a for the 5 GHz frequency band and applies it in the same 2.4 GHz frequency band as IEEE 802.11b. The 802.
5. What is Infrastructure? An integrated wireless and wireless and wired LAN is called an Infrastructure configuration. Infrastructure is applicable to enterprise scale for wireless access to central database, or wireless application for mobile workers. 6. What is BSS ID? A specific Ad hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). Computers in a BSS must be configured with the same BSS ID. 7.
12. What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences? Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted.
15. What is WMM Power Save? WMM Power Save is a set of features for Wi-Fi networks that increase the efficiency and flexibility of data transmission in order to conserve power. WMM Power Save has been optimized for mobile devices running latency-sensitive applications such as voice, audio, or video, but can benefit any Wi-Fi device. WMM Power Save uses mechanisms included in the IEEE 802.11e standard and is an enhancement of IEEE 802.11 legacy power save.
