Ranger® R Series Radars Installation and Maintenance Manual R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5, R5D FLIR R a d a r s I n c . 4176 Boul. Industriel Laval, QC H7L 6H1 : +1(450) 662.7557 : radars@flir.com www.flir.com Document Number: 910-0001-00-INS Issue Date: March 2019 Version: R05 This document is proprietary to FLIR Radars Inc. This document and data disclosed herein or herewith is not to be reproduced, used, or disclosed in whole or in part to anyone without the written permission of FLIR Radars Inc.
©2019 FLIR Radars Inc. Reference #910-0001-00-INS-R05 This documentation is provided as a component of the FLIR Radars Inc. All parties or individuals who are in possession of the documentation accept in full and without exception or limitation the FLIR Radars Inc. unrestricted rights of ownership of this material. This documentation is not available by any other means except by license which is only available from FLIR Radars Inc.
CONTACT INFORMATION Toll Free North America 1.866.657.4554 +1(450) 622.7557 +1(450) 622.7134 www.flir.com radars@flir.
REVISION RECORD TABLE Manual Revision ECO # Pages 1.0 13-008 All Initial Release All Insertion of ITAR statement 2.0 Description of Modification 3.0 14-001 All Add "FLIR Proprietary Information" to footer 4.0 16-025 All Safety distances added 5.0 18-016 12 Safety distances corrected 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 4 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government.
The following symbols are used throughout this document: Caution! The CAUTION symbol is used to alert the reader to situations where a hazard to personnel safety may arise. WARNING! The WARNING symbol is used to alert the reader to situations where equipment damage is imminent if a recommended process is not followed or alert the reader of a process that will alter or reset current configuration of a specific setup.
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS AXML BIT CE Doppler Amphitech eXtensible Markup Language Built-in Test Refers to CE marking, a conformity mark in Europe Doppler effect. Also refers to Doppler radar operation mode, where target speed is used to reject fixed clutter.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 10 1.1 1.2 1.3 EQUIPMENT FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................... 10 SAFETY ISSUES ......................................................................................... 12 UNPACKING THE R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D RADAR ASSEMBLY ............................. 12 2 HARDWARE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION....................................................
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Systems Physical Overview ................................... 13 Figure 2 – Left: R1, R2, R3 Center: R3D Right: R5, R5D......................................................... 14 Figure 3 - Optimizing Radar Location (aerial view)................................................................ 16 Figure 4 - Optimizing Grazing Angle ..................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 – R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assembly Specifications ........................................ Table 2 - Installation Considerations................................................................................. Table 3 - R1, R2 and R3 Minimum/Maximum Detection Range for Low Crawler, Walker and Car ........ Table 4 – R5 Minimum/Maximum Detection Range for Low Crawler, Walker and Car ......................
1 INTRODUCTION This manual describes the R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Perimeter Surveillance Radars (PSR) installation and scheduled maintenance actions. Complete electrical, mechanical and physical interfaces of the system are also provided. The Installation manual is intended for an audience of technically qualified personnel.
Disclaimer! The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D are designed for operation while in a fixed location and not intended for use on moving platforms. Failing to adhere to this recommendation could compromise detection capability of the unit. Disclaimer! Due to the inherent nature of radar detection, the R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D may present “nuisance” alarms triggered by animals, moving vegetation, ocean surf or waves moving within the radar field of detection.
1.2 SAFETY ISSUES This equipment generates Radio Frequency energy and is intended for outdoor installation only. Based on limits specified by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) on Radio Frequency (RF) Emissions, the safety distances listed in the table below must be respected to ensure personnel safety. Caution! The installation must provide a separation distance from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antennas or transmitters.
2 HARDWARE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENT DESCRIPTION The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Systems comprise the following components. Some of these components may not be needed, depending on the specific installation. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assembly Radar Server computer Client computer Breakout box Radar power supply Network infrastructure Cabling 2.
2.2.1 R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assembly The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assemblies consist of the radar antenna and RF components, a mechanical scanning sub-assembly, and a processor sub-assembly. Figure 2 – Left: R1, R2, R3 Center: R3D Right: R5, R5D 2.2.
2.2.5 Radar Power Supply The radar power supply provides 28 VDC to the R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assemblies. Refer to Section 3.2 for determining the appropriate power supply capacity required. 2.2.6 Network Infrastructure The network infrastructure consists of Ethernet switches, Ethernet media converters, wireless Ethernet transceivers, etc. The network infrastructure provides the physical support for the Device and the Client networks.
The radar assembly should be installed in a location where it has an unobstructed view of the area to be monitored. Since it is not always possible to get an unobstructed line of sight out to the instrumented range, the installation point should be selected so as to maximize the area the radar can monitor.
3.1.2 Installation Considerations The height must be carefully determined based on the line of sight and on the type of targets to be detected. Typical minimum detection ranges are given in Table 3. Before installation, carefully analyze the requirements specific to the site to select each radar installation height above ground. Mounting the radar too high may result in reduced radar sensitivity due to increased radar returns from the ground (refer to Figure 6).
Figure 4 - Optimizing Grazing Angle Note In an uneven terrain environment, the radar should be installed so as to follow (or “graze”), to the extent possible, terrain contour as shown in Figure 4. Optimizing the grazing angle may require adjusting the tilt angle of the antenna, as described in Section 4.2.1.
Figure 6 - Radar Installation on Even Terrain - Incorrect Height and Correct Tilt Angle (only applicable to FastScan mode) Figure 7 - Radar Installation on Even Terrain - Correct Height and Tilt Angle Figure 8 - Radar Installation Near Rising Terrain - Sub-Optimal Radar Position and Tilt Angle 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 19 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government.
Figure 9 - Radar Installation on Even Terrain - Incorrect Height Figure 10 - Radar Installation Near Rising Terrain - Correct Radar Position and Tilt Angle Figure 11 - Radar Installation on Hill Top - Incorrect Tilt Angle 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 20 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government.
Figure 12 - Radar Installation on Hill Top - Correct Tilt Angle (only applicable to Doppler mode) Figure 13 - Radar Installation Near Hill - Shadowed Zone Figure 14 - Radar Installation Near Hill - No Shadowed Zone Note Typical detection ranges according to installation height and tilt angle are given in Table 3 through Table 6.
3.1.3 Doppler Operating Mode Considerations The R3D and R5D offer the following advantages: In high-clutter environments, it can operate in either FastScan mode or in Doppler Mode. It can be switched to Doppler Mode if, in FastScan mode, it cannot reliably detect small targets in rough vegetation, uphill terrain, or any other high-clutter environment. In Doppler Mode, the scan rate is reduced to increase time-on-target, allowing for separation of moving targets from clutter.
3.2 POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D radars require a nominal 28 VDC (accepting from 20 to 32 VDC) at their input and consume less than 45W in operation. You should select a power supply capable of delivering 28 VDC consistently through a range of expected temperatures. The supply must deliver a sustained 45W of power. Allowance for a power-on surge should be provided. Therefore, a minimum 75W of power is recommended for trouble-free operation in all conditions.
Figure 15 – Top Left - R1, R2 and R3; Top Right - R3D; Bottom - R5 and R5D: Outline 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 24 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government. However, when in the United States or possessed by a US person, it may be considered a defense article from the US Government's perspective. US government authorization may be required for re-transfer to a foreign person.
Figure 16 – Left - R1, R2, R3 and R3D; Right - R5 and R5D: Mounting and Connector Location Figure 17 - Regular Mounting Plate Outline 4.1.2 Radar Mounting The radar mount must provide stability and rigidity in order to support the weight of the R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D radars. This way, the unit maintains consistent stable radar images and readings, which are critical to the performance of the system. Securing the radar requires four M6 screws.
WARNING! All four screws should be used to ensure that the radar is properly secured. To ensure maximum performance, the radar must turn at a steady speed. Therefore, the mounting surface should follow the following criteria: Flat and level to within 1/2° on level terrain, to properly direct the radar energy. If needed, it is possible to tilt the radar assembly up to 22.5º to follow the terrain contour. The mount area should be designed such that rain water does not accumulate.
Figure 18 - Radar Mounting 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 27 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government. However, when in the United States or possessed by a US person, it may be considered a defense article from the US Government's perspective. US government authorization may be required for re-transfer to a foreign person.
4.1.3 Water Accumulation The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assemblies are designed to prevent water ingress in the radar unit, however it is preferable to use a mounting plate that will prevent water accumulation at the base. The mounting plate should clear the aerating vents at the bottom of the radar. Figure 19 shows the preferred type of mounting plate.
Figure 21 - Overhanging Mounting Plate 4.2 ANTENNA TILT ADJUSTMENT Note The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D radars are factory-adjusted so that the antenna points to the horizon. Note Radar performance is optimal at 0 degree of tilt angle under most circumstances. Only modify the antenna tilt angle if required by the terrain profile (refer to Section 3.1). Changing the antenna tilt angle has an impact on the minimum and maximum detection ranges.
4.2.1 Typical detection distances — R1, R2 and R3 Detection Range R1, R2, R3 and R3D FastScan (meters) Minimum / maximum (Low Crawler) Minimum / maximum (Walker) Minimum / maximum (Car) Note: The R1 is limited to 700m and the R2 to 1400m Radar Height 0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m 2.5 m 3.0 m 4.0 m 5.
4.2.
4.2.3 Typical detection distances — R3D Detection Range R3D (meters) Minimum / Maximum (Low Crawler) Minimum / Maximum (Walker) Minimum / Maximum (Car) Note 1: The detection is limited to 3000m when the selected range is 3400m Note 2: The table represents detection for the LONG Time-On-Target selection. When operating in SHORT Time-on-Target, the Maximum range is 72% of the table value. When operating in MEDIUM Time-On-Target, the Maximum range is 85% of the table value.
4.2.4 Typical detection distances — R5D Detection Range R5D (meters) Minimum / Maximum (Low Crawler) Minimum / Maximum (Walker) Minimum / Maximum (Car) Note 1: The detection is limited to 5000m when the selected range is 5500m Note 2: The table represents detection for the LONG Time-On-Target selection. When operating in SHORT Time-on-Target, the Maximum range is 72% of the table value. When operating in MEDIUM Time-On-Target, the Maximum range is 85% of the table value.
4.2.
4.2.6 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Antenna Tilt Adjustment Procedure — R5 and R5D The R5 and R5D tilt angle can be adjusted using the three screws on each side of the antenna assembly. The central screw on each side is the adjustment screw that allows you to change the tilt angle in increments of 1 degree. The two slot screws on each side of the adjustment screw allow you to loosen the antenna assembly in order to change the tilt angle.
Pin Function Pin Function A ETHERNET TX + L ETHERNET RX - B Unused M ETHERNET RX + C Unused N ETHERNET TX - D Unused P Unused E Unused R Unused F Unused S Unused G Unused T Unused H Unused U Unused J FEED +28 V V Unused K RETURN +28 V * Table 7 - Power / Data Connector Pin Assignment – R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Note RETURN +28V has the same meaning as the – (minus) terminal on a battery.
5 RADAR TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATION 5.1 CONFIGURING THE RADAR TARGET AZIMUTH UPDATE The target azimuth update is the azimuth angle at which each radar scan starts. Around this region, the tracking of targets and intruders may be sub-optimal. It is recommended to set this parameter to an azimuth outside the radar transmit sector. Figure 23 shows good and bad choices for a given radar.
Step 1 In Radar Console application, program the RD_target_up_az parameter with the value established, as shown in Figure 66 Step 2 Press the button Figure 24 – Configuring the Target Azimuth Update 5.2 CONFIGURING THE CHIRP SLOTS When two or more R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assemblies are used at the same site, each unit must be given a different frequency slot or a different time slot (or chirp slot) if they use the same frequency slot.
Radar Assembly Synchronization method Frequency Band Available chirp slots R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D, FastScan Mode 1 or 2 --- 0 - 3 (method 1) 0 - 7 (method 2) R3D, Doppler Mode 2 --- 0 - 3 (3400 m) 0 - 1 (6500 m) R5D, Doppler Mode 2 2 0 – 2 (5500 m) 0 – 1 (10500 m) R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D, units in FastScan Mode & units in Doppler Mode 2 Refer to Table 9 and Table 10 Refer to Table 9 and Table 10 Table 8 – R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D Radar Assemblies Synchronization Method The R
Figure 25 - Reusing Chirp Slots The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D possess 8 chirp slots in FastScan mode. The R3D has 4 chirp slots in 3400m Doppler mode and 2 chirp slots in 6500m Doppler mode. The R5D has 6 chirp slots over 2 frequency bands in 5500m Doppler mode and 4 chirp slots over 2 frequency bands in 10500m Doppler mode.
Frequency Group : R1, R2, R3 and R3D # of Radars FastScan # of Radars Doppler 3400 m # of Radars Doppler 6500 m Total # of Radars Up to 8 (chirp slots 0-7) 0 0 Up to 8 Up to 4 (chirp slots 0, 2, 4, 6) Up to 3 (chirp slots 1, 2, 3) 0 Up to 7 Up to 1 (chirp slot 0) 0 Up to 1 (chirp slot 0) Up to 3 0 Up to 4 (chirp slots 0, 1, 2, 3) Up to 2 (chirp slots 0, 1) Up to 6 0 Up to 4 (chirp slots 0, 1, 2, 3) 0 Up to 4 0 0 Up to 2 (chirp slots 0, 1) Up to 2 Table 9 - Number of Radars for Mu
To configure a radar synchronization method and chirp slot, use the following steps: Note The synchronization method must be programmed before being able to change the chirp slot. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Start the Radar Console application in direct mode Logon as Administrator on the Radar Console. Select the desired radar assembly to configure, and click on the button. In the Parameters window, Radar Setup group of parameters, and Current, set Sync_method and Chirp_slot to the desired values.
5.3 CONFIGURING TRANSMISSION SECTORS A transmission sector is an angular zone where the radar transmits radar energy and detects targets. The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D support up to 2 transmission sectors in FastScan mode. The R3D and the R5D support 1 transmission sector in Doppler mode. Additionally, a maximum transmit sector of 180° is supported in long time-on-target Doppler mode. Table 11 summarizes the available transmit sectors for each mode.
By default, one transmission sector from 300° to 60° is configured. For most deployments is it recommended to use complete coverage by setting the sector to 0° to 360°. If an assembly causes some interference with other equipment or, if there are other reasons for changing the transmission sector(s), use the following steps: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Start the Radar Console application in direct mode Logon to the Radar Console. Select the desired radar assembly to configure, and click on the button.
6 TROUBLESHOOTING The following tables cover the Built-In Test (BIT) error codes and their description and solutions for resolving problems. Note In the event that any of these error codes are reported, follow the procedure below. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Try re-initializing the system.
SubAssembly Description 0 System 1 Interface (Connector, IO board, cable, etc.) 2 Power Supply 3 RF (HW2) 4 Motor, drivers and encoders 5 CPU 6 RF (HW3) 7 Embedded GPS Controller 8 Not Used 9 Reserved for compatibility check Table 13 - Radar Sub-Assembly Definition 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 46 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government.
7 MAINTENANCE 7.1 VISUAL INSPECTION Due to the critical nature of perimeter surveillance applications, it is of paramount importance to keep the radar units trouble-free by routinely conducting visual verifications. The visual verification must check the following: Verify that the radome is clear from any obstruction such as trees or branches or any natural formation of dirt, grime or bird deposits. Such formations may attenuate radar signals.
7.3 CLEANING THE UNIT Follow the instructions below to clean the Assembly: Step 1 Step 2 Use a moist clean cloth if the radome is lightly soiled. Use a mild cleaner and moist cloth if the radome is heavily soiled. 7.4 EXTERNAL MECHANICAL INSPECTION Follow the instructions below to perform an external mechanical inspection: Step 1 Inspect for cracks, damage or deterioration. Note For any damaged part, contact FLIR Radars Customer Support for repair instructions. 7.
7.6 REPLACING THE RADOME Follow the instructions below to replace the Radar Radome: Step 1 Step 2 Make sure the gasket is clean and set in place. Replace radome and re-insert the 8 screws under the base of the unit. Be careful not to overtighten. Using a Torque screwdriver set to 10 lb-in, hand-tighten until resistance increases. The base seal should be compressed by approximately 2mm when the mechanical stop is reached. 7.
BASE Gears in good condition Figure 29 - Steps 3 & 4: Check Spur Gears Verify if presence of corrosion on PCBs Gore™ Vents Total of 4 for R5, R5D Total of 2 R1, R2, R3, R3D Figure 30 - Check mechanical components (R5, R5D shown) 910-0001-00-INS -R05 FLIR Proprietary Information Page 50 of 53 Information contained in this document pertains to a Canadian origin product that is controlled as "dual use" by the Canadian government.
Movement < 1mm Figure 31 - Verify for loose payload (R5, R5D shown) 7.8 REPLACING THE MEMBRANE GORE VENT The Gore Membrane Vents are screwed in under the base plate assembly. The R1, R2, R3, R3D, R5 and R5D have Gore Membrane Vents to even the pressure as well as to prevent insects and water from entering the radar. The instructions below are given for the replacement of the Gore Membrane Vents. Contact FLIR Radars Customer Support for help in ordering new ones.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Remove the Gore Vents (4 for R5 and R5D; 2 for R1, R2, R3 and R3D) from the radar base plate using a 16mm hex socket. Clean and dry the plate surface in contact with the Gore Membrane Vents. Screw the new Gore Membrane Vents back in place and torque the parts to 8 lbs-in using a 16mm socket.
