User’s manual FLIR T5xx series
User’s manual FLIR T5xx series #T810253; r.
Table of contents 1 Disclaimers ......................................................................................1 1.1 Legal disclaimer ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Usage statistics ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Changes to registry ................................................................... 1 1.4 U.S. Government Regulations...................................................... 1 1.5 Copyright ...
Table of contents 9.5 9.6 Swipe-down menu .................................................................. 24 Image overlay information ......................................................... 24 10 Navigating the menu system ............................................................. 25 10.1 General ................................................................................ 25 10.2 Navigating using the navigation pad ............................................ 25 11 Handling the camera ...
Table of contents 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.1.1 General...................................................................... 42 12.1.2 File-naming convention ................................................. 42 12.1.3 Storage capacity .......................................................... 42 12.1.4 About UltraMax............................................................ 42 Saving an image ..................................................................... 43 12.2.1 General.......
Table of contents 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.3.5 Manual adjustment in Level, Max, Min mode ...................... 54 Changing the camera temperature range ..................................... 55 14.4.1 General...................................................................... 55 14.4.2 Procedure .................................................................. 55 Changing the color palettes....................................................... 55 14.5.1 General....................................
Table of contents 18.3 18.4 18.5 Adding a text comment table ..................................................... 75 18.3.1 General...................................................................... 75 18.3.2 Procedure .................................................................. 76 18.3.3 Creating a text comment table template ............................ 77 Adding a voice annotation......................................................... 78 18.4.1 General.....................................
Table of contents 27 Technical data ................................................................................. 95 27.1 Online field-of-view calculator .................................................... 95 27.2 Note about technical data ......................................................... 95 27.3 Note about authoritative versions................................................ 95 27.4 FLIR T530 24°........................................................................ 96 27.5 FLIR T530 42°..
Table of contents 33.5 33.6 33.7 The changeables—image optimization and temperature measurement....................................................................... 33.5.1 Level and span .......................................................... 33.5.2 Palettes and isotherms ................................................ 33.5.3 Object parameters...................................................... Taking images—practical tips .................................................. Conclusion ............
1 Disclaimers 1.1 Legal disclaimer 1.7 Patents All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction.
2 Safety information WARNING Applicability: Class B digital devices. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
2 Safety information WARNING Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. If there is a leak from the battery and you get the fluid in your eyes, do not rub your eyes. Flush well with water and immediately get medical care. The battery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this. WARNING Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the specified charging time.
2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not hit the battery with a hammer. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not put your foot on the battery, hit it or cause shocks to it. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not put the batteries in or near a fire, or into direct sunlight.
2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. The temperature range through which you can remove the electrical power from the battery is -15°C to +50°C (+5°F to +122°F), unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data. If you operate the battery out of this temperature range, it can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries.
3 Notice to user 3.1 User-to-user forums Exchange ideas, problems, and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user-to-user forums. To go to the forums, visit: http://forum.infraredtraining.com/ 3.2 Calibration We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year. Contact your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera. 3.
3 Notice to user This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model. 3.8 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English. In the event of divergences due to translation errors, the English text has precedence. Any late changes are first implemented in English. #T810253; r.
4 Customer help 4.1 General For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com 4.2 Submitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.
4 Customer help • Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual 4.3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following, when applicable for the product: • • • • • • • • • Firmware updates for your infrared camera. Program updates for your PC/Mac software. Freeware and evaluation versions of PC/Mac software. User documentation for current, obsolete, and historical products. Mechanical drawings (in *.dxf and *.pdf format). Cad data models (in *.stp format).
5 Quick start guide 5.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Before starting the camera for the first time, charge the battery for 3 hours using the stand-alone battery charger. 2. Put the battery into the camera battery compartment. 3. Insert a memory card into the card slot. Note Empty or use a memory card that has not previously been used in another type of camera. The cameras may organize files differently on the memory card.
6 Register the camera 6.1 General Register your camera to receive an extended warranty and other related benefits. To register the camera, you must log in using a FLIR Customer Support account. If you already have an existing FLIR Customer Support account, you can use the same login credentials. To complete the registration, you must enter a four-digit verification code into the camera. 6.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.
6 Register the camera 3. To create a new FLIR Customer Support account, do the following: 3.1. 3.2. Click Create a New Account. Enter the required information and click Create Account. 4. On the camera, select (Settings) Device settings > Camera information > Register camera. This displays the following dialog box: Note The first time you start the camera, the registration dialog box is displayed as a part of the setup of regional settings. #T810253; r.
6 Register the camera 5. Select Register and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box with the serial number of the camera. 6. On the computer, enter the serial number of the camera and click Validate. 7. When the serial number is validated, click Continue. #T810253; r.
6 Register the camera 8. Enter the required information and click Register Product. 9. When the registration is completed, the four-digit code is displayed. Note • The code is also sent by e-mail to the address registered with your FLIR Customer Support account. • The code is also displayed in your FLIR Customer Support portal under My Stuff > Products. #T810253; r.
6 Register the camera 10. On the camera, do the following to enter the code: • Push the navigation pad up/down to select a digit. • Push the navigation pad left/right to navigate to the previous/next digit. • When all digits have been entered, push the navigation pad right to select Submit. Push the navigation pad to confirm. 11. The camera is now registered and your extended warranty is activated. #T810253; r.
7 A note about ergonomics 7.1 General To prevent strain-related injuries, it is important that you hold the camera ergonomically correctly. This section gives advice and examples on how to hold the camera. Note • Always tilt the LCD screen to suit your work position. • When you hold the camera, make sure that you support the optics housing with your left hand too. This decreases the strain on your right hand. 7.2 Figure #T810253; r.
8 Camera parts 8.1 View from the rear 8.1.1 Figure 8.1.2 Explanation 1. Focus ring. 2. Speaker. 3. Programmable button. 4. Image archive button. 5. Navigation pad with center push. 6. Back button. 7. On/off button. 8. Hand strap. 9. Multi-touch LCD screen. 10. Light sensor. 11. Microphone. 12. Attachment point for the neck strap. #T810253; r.
8 Camera parts 8.2 View from the front 8.2.1 Figure 8.2.2 Explanation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Autofocus button. Save button. Attachment point for the neck strap. Laser receiver. Laser transmitter. Camera lamp (left and right sides). Infrared lens. Digital camera. #T810253; r.
8 Camera parts 8.3 View from the bottom 8.3.1 Figure 8.3.2 Explanation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Laser button. Programmable button. Tripod mount. Cover for the connector compartment. Battery. 8.4 Laser distance meter and laser pointer 8.4.1 General The laser distance meter consists of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The laser distance meter determines the distance to a target by measuring the time it takes for a laser pulse to reach the target and return to the laser receiver.
8 Camera parts Note • The laser is enabled by a setting. Select ser > Enable lamp & laser. • The symbol (Settings) > Device settings > Lamp & la- is displayed on the screen when the laser is on. • The camera can be configured to automatically measure the distance when an image is saved. Select (Settings) > Save options & storage > Measure distance. With this setting, the Object distance parameter (see section 16.
8 Camera parts 8.4.4 Laser warning label A laser warning label with the following information is attached to the camera: 8.4.5 Laser rules and regulations Wavelength: 650 nm. Maximum output power: 1 mW. This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated June 24, 2007. #T810253; r.
9 Screen elements 9.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. General Result table. Status icons. Measurement tool (e.g., spotmeter). Temperature scale. Menu system button. 9.2 Menu system To display the menu system, push the navigation pad or tap the menu system button . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Recording mode button. Measurement parameters button. Image mode button. Measurement button. Color button. Settings button. Main menu. Submenu. #T810253; r.
9 Screen elements 9.3 Soft buttons 1. Work folder button: Touch to open a menu where you can create new folders and change the active folder. 2. Lamp button: Touch to turn on/off the camera lamp. 3. Continuous autofocus button: Touch to enable/disable continuous autofocus. 4. Overlay button: Touch to show/hide all overlay graphics and image overlay information. 5. Temperature scale button: Touch to switch between the automatic and manual image adjustment modes.
9 Screen elements 9.5 Swipe-down menu To open the swipe-down menu, place your finger at the top of the screen and swipe down. 1. Battery status indicator. 2. Memory card storage status indicator. 3. • Wi-Fi button: Touch to enable/disable Wi-Fi. See also section 23 Configuring WiFi, page 86. • Bluetooth button: Touch to enable/disable Bluetooth. See also section 22 Pairing Bluetooth devices, page 85. • Screen rotation button: Touch to enable/disable screen rotation. 4.
10 Navigating the menu system 10.1 General The figure above shows the two ways to navigate the menu system in the camera: • Using your finger or a stylus pen specially designed for capacitive touch usage to navigate the menu system (left). • Using the navigation pad to navigate the menu system (right) and the back button . You can also use a combination of the two. In this manual, it is assumed that the navigation pad is used, but most tasks can also be carried out using your finger or a stylus pen. 10.
11 Handling the camera 11.1 Charging the battery 11.1.1 General • Before starting the camera for the first time, charge the battery for 3 hours using the stand-alone battery charger. • Select a mains socket that is near the equipment and easily accessible. 11.1.2 11.1.2.1 Using the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery Stand-alone battery charger LED indicator Type of signal Explanation The white LED flashes. The battery is being charged. The white LED glows continuously.
11 Handling the camera 6. It is good practice to disconnect the USB battery charger from the mains socket when the battery is fully charged. Note When closing the cover for the connector compartment, firmly press along the edges of the cover to make sure that it closes tightly. 11.1.4 Charging the battery using a USB cable connected to a computer Follow this procedure: 1. Open the cover for the connector compartment at the bottom of the camera. 2.
11 Handling the camera 2. Push the two release buttons and remove the battery from the camera. 11.3 Turning on and turning off the camera • To turn on the camera, push the on/off button . • To turn off the camera, push and hold the on/off button Note for more than 0.5 second. Do not remove the battery to turn off the camera. 11.4 Adjusting the angle of lens 11.4.1 Figure #T810253; r.
11 Handling the camera 11.4.2 Procedure To adjust the angle, tilt the lens up or down. 11.5 Adjusting the infrared camera focus manually 11.5.1 Figure 11.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Do one of the following: • For far focus, rotate the focus ring clockwise (with the LCD screen facing toward you). • For near focus, rotate the focus ring counter-clockwise (with the LCD screen facing toward you). Note Do not touch the lens surface when you adjust the infrared camera focus manually.
11 Handling the camera The focus method is configured by a setting. Select Focus > Auto focus and then select Contrast or Laser. 11.6.2 Figure 11.6.3 Procedure (Settings) > Device settings > WARNING When the camera is set to autofocusing with the laser method (Settings > Device settings > Focus > Auto focus >Laser), do not point the camera at the face of a person when you use the autofocus function. The laser beam can cause eye irritation. Follow this procedure: 1.
11 Handling the camera 11.7.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad. This displays the Settings menu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select Device settings > Lamp & laser > Enable lamp & laser. 4. Use the navigation pad to select Device settings > Focus > Autofocus > Laser. 5. Do one of the following: • Use the navigation pad to select Device settings > Focus > Continuous autofocus > On.
11 Handling the camera 11.9 Measuring areas 11.9.1 General The distance measured by the laser distance meter can be used as the basis for area calculations. A typical application is to estimate the size of a damp stain on a wall. To measure the area of a surface, you need to lay out a box or circle measurement tool on the screen. The camera calculates the area of the surface enclosed by the box or circle tool.
11 Handling the camera 11.10.2 Figure 11.10.3 Explanation 1. USB-C cable. 2. SD memory card. 3. LED indicator showing that the memory card is busy. Note • Do not eject the memory card when this LED is flashing. • Do not connect the camera to a computer when this LED is flashing. Note When closing the cover for the connector compartment, firmly press along the edges of the cover to make sure that it closes tightly. 11.11 Moving files to a computer 11.11.
11 Handling the camera 3. Turn on the camera. 4. Do one of the following: • Move the files to the computer using a drag-and-drop operation in Microsoft Windows Explorer. Note Moving a file using a drag-and-drop operation does not delete the file in the camera. • Import the images into FLIR Tools/Tools+ or FLIR Report Studio. Note When closing the cover for the connector compartment, firmly press along the edges of the cover to make sure that it closes tightly. 11.
11 Handling the camera • Switch 1x zoom <> Max zoom: Switch between the digital zoom factor of 1× and maximum zoom. • Switch camera flash On <> Off: Switch between the enabled/disabled camera flash functions. For more information, see section 11.13 Using the camera lamp as a flash, page 35. Note The flash function will not be activated if the setting Lamp & laser is set to the option Disable all. For more information, see section 25.1.4 Device settings, page 90.
11 Handling the camera 4. Do one of the following: • To enable the camera lamp function, select Enable lamp & laser and push the navigation pad. To turn on/off the camera lamp, touch the soft button . • To enable the flash function, select Enable lamp & laser + Use lamp as flash and push the navigation pad. • To disable the camera lamp and flash functions, select Disable all and push the navigation pad.
11 Handling the camera 2. Carefully pull out the lens. 3. The infrared detector is now fully exposed. Do not touch this surface. If you see dust on the detector, follow the instructions in 26.3 Infrared detector, page 94. #T810253; r.
11 Handling the camera 4. Make sure that the inner ring of the camera lens is fully in its open position. • Correct: The tooth (1) is in its end position at the black stop pin (2). • Wrong: You must rotate the inner ring until the tooth (1) reaches the black stop pin (2). 5. Carefully push the lens into position. #T810253; r.
11 Handling the camera 6. Rotate the inner ring of the lens 30° clockwise. The lens makes a click when it locks in place. 7. Make sure that the two index marks are aligned, indicating that the lens is locked in place. #T810253; r.
11 Handling the camera 11.15 Neck strap To attach the neck strap to the camera, use the two attachment points indicated in the figure. 11.16 Hand strap To replace the hand strap, follow this procedure: 1. Remove the battery. 2. Open the hook-and-loop fastener and remove the hand strap from the upper attachment point. 3. Remove the two T6 screws. 4. Remove the hand strap from the bracket at the base of the camera. #T810253; r.
11 Handling the camera 5. Put the new hand strap into the bracket at the base of the camera. 6. Push the bracket into the camera. Make sure that the two holes in the hand strap are aligned with the holes in the bracket. 7. Tighten the two T6 screws. 8. Thread the loose strap through the upper attachment point. Secure the strap with the hook-and-loop fastener. #T810253; r.
12 Saving and working with images 12.1 About image files 12.1.1 General When you save an image, the camera saves an image file that includes all thermal and visual information. This means that you can open an image file at a later time and, for example, select another image mode, apply color alarms, and add measurement tools. The image *.jpg file is fully radiometric and saved lossless, which enables full post-processing in image analysis and reporting software from FLIR Systems.
12 Saving and working with images 12.2 Saving an image 12.2.1 General You can save images to the memory card. 12.2.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To save an image, push the Save button. Note Depending on the settings in ing may happen: (Settings) > Save options & storage, the follow- • A preview image is displayed before the image is saved. • An annotation tool or the annotation menu is displayed when the image has been saved. 12.3 Previewing an image 12.3.
12 Saving and working with images 12.4 Opening a saved image 12.4.1 General When you save an image, the image file is stored on the memory card. To display the image again, open it from the image archive (Gallery). 12.4.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery with one or more folders. 2. Select a folder and push the navigation pad. 3. Select the image you want to view and push the navigation pad. 4.
12 Saving and working with images 8. Push the navigation pad. This displays a context menu. • Select (Cancel) to exit edit mode. • Select (Measurement parameters) to change the global parameters. • Select (Image mode) to change the image mode. • Select (Measurement) to add a measurement tool. • Select (Color) to change the color palette or set a color alarm. • Select (Save) to save and exit edit mode. 12.5.3 • • • • • Related topics 14.6 Changing the measurement parameters, page 57.
12 Saving and working with images 12.7 Deleting images You can delete image files from the memory card. For more information, see sections 13.8 Deleting an image or video file, page 49, 13.9 Deleting multiple files, page 50, and 13.10 Deleting all files, page 50. 12.8 Resetting the image counter 12.8.1 General You can reset the numbering of the image filenames.
13 Working with the image archive 13.1 General When you save an image or video clip, the camera stores the image/video file in the image archive on the memory card. You can open an image in the image archive and, for example, select another image mode, apply color alarms, and add measurement tools. You can also open and play saved video clips. In the camera, the image archive is called Gallery. The Gallery can include one or several folders.
13 Working with the image archive 4. To view the previous/next image or video clip, push the navigation pad left/right. 5. To return to the folder overview, push the back button 6. To return to the Gallery, push the back button . again. 13.3 Creating a new folder Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery . 2. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 3.
13 Working with the image archive 13.6 Moving files between folders Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery . 2. Select a folder and push the navigation pad. 3. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 4. Use the navigation pad to select the image and video items you want to move. You can also select the items by touching the screen. Selected items are marked with a tick. 5.
13 Working with the image archive 5. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 6. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 7. To delete the image, select Delete and push the navigation pad. 13.9 Deleting multiple files 13.9.1 General You can delete multiple image and video files from the image archive. 13.9.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery . 2.
14 Achieving a good image 14.1 General A good image depends on several different functions and settings, although some functions and settings affect the image more than others. These are the functions and settings that you need to experiment with: • • • • • • Adjusting the infrared camera focus. Adjusting the infrared image (automatically or manually). Selecting a suitable temperature range. Selecting a suitable color palette. Changing the measurement parameters.
14 Achieving a good image In automatic mode, the camera continuously adjusts the level and span for the best image presentation. The colors are distributed based on the thermal content of the image (histogram color distribution). The temperature scale to the right of the screen shows the upper and lower temperatures of the current span. In manual mode, you can adjust the temperature scale to values close to the temperature of a specific object in the image.
14 Achieving a good image Automatic 14.3.1.2 Manual Example 2 Here are two infrared images of an isolator in a power line. To make it easier to analyze the temperature variations in the isolator, the temperature scale in the right image has been changed to values close to the temperature of the isolator. Automatic 14.3.2 14.3.2.1 Manual Manual adjustment by touching the screen Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. In live mode, touch the soft button to enter manual image adjustment mode. 2.
14 Achieving a good image 14.3.2.3 Locking the touch screen When you have adjusted the image to levels that allow you to study your area of interest, you can lock the touch screen to prevent further unintentional adjustments. To lock the screen, touch the To unlock the screen, touch the icon to the left of the temperature scale. icon to the left of the temperature scale. Note If you switch to automatic image adjustment mode, the screen automatically unlocks and your manual adjustments are lost. 14.3.
14 Achieving a good image Follow this procedure: 1. In live mode, touch the soft button to enter manual image adjustment mode. 2. To simultaneously change the temperature scale minimum and maximum limits, push the navigation pad up/down. 3. To change the minimum limit or the maximum limit, do the following: • Push the navigation pad left/right to select (highlight) the maximum or minimum temperature. • Push the navigation pad up/down to change the value of the highlighted temperature. 14.
14 Achieving a good image Iron Arctic Rainbow Rainbow high contrast White hot Black hot Lava 14.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Color) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. #T810253; r.
14 Achieving a good image 3. Use the navigation pad to select a different palette. 4. Push the navigation pad to confirm and exit the menu mode. 14.6 Changing the measurement parameters For accurate measurements, it is important to set the measurement parameters: • • • • • • External IR window compensation. Object distance. Atmospheric temperature. Relative humidity. Reflected temperature. Emissivity. You can set the measurement parameters globally.
14 Achieving a good image You can hide all camera overlay by touching the soft button Note . You can also assign the function Hide image overlay graphics to one of the pro- grammable buttons . For more information, see section 11.12 Assigning functions to the programmable buttons, page 34. Image with camera overlay and image overlay information. #T810253; r. AA/42549/42549; en-US Image with all overlay hidden.
15 Working with image modes 15.1 General The camera can capture both thermal and visual images at the same time. By choosing the image mode, you select which type of image to display on the screen. The camera supports the following image modes: • Thermal: An infrared image is displayed. • Thermal MSX (Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging): The camera displays an infrared image where the edges of the objects are enhanced with visual image details.
15 Working with image modes Image mode Image Picture in picture Digital camera Macro 15.3 Selecting an image mode Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Image mode) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. #T810253; r.
15 Working with image modes 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • (Thermal MSX). • (Thermal). • (Picture in picture). • (Digital camera). • (Macro). Note • If the *.csq video format is selected (Settings > Save options & storage > Video compression) and the recording mode Video is selected, it will only be possible to select the image modes Thermal and Macro.
16 Working with measurement tools 16.1 General To measure a temperature, you can use one or more measurement tools, e.g., a spotmeter or a box. 16.2 Adding/removing measurement tools Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • Select (No measurements) to remove all tools. • Select (Center spot) to add a center spot.
16 Working with measurement tools 2. Select (Measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select (User preset 1) or (User preset 2). 4. Push and hold the center of the navigation pad. This displays the Edit user preset menu. 5. Select (Add measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 6. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • Select (Add spot) to add a spot. • Select (Add box) to add a box.
16 Working with measurement tools 5. When completed, push the navigation pad and select (Done). 6. Push the navigation pad to confirm and exit the menu mode. 16.4.3 Note Moving and resizing a box or circle tool You can also move and resize the measurement tool by touching the screen. Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with one or more handles. 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool.
16 Working with measurement tools • Reflected temperature, which is used when compensating for the radiation from the surroundings reflected by the object into the camera. This property of the object is called “reflectivity.” • Emissivity, i.e., how much radiation an object emits, compared with the radiation of a theoretical reference object at the same temperature (called a “blackbody”). The opposite of emissivity is reflectivity.
16 Working with measurement tools 4. Push the navigation pad to display a dialog box. 5. Use the navigation pad to change the parameter. 6. Push the navigation pad to confirm and exit the menu mode. 16.5.4.2 Changing local parameters You can change the local parameters for a measurement tool. A P next to the measurement tool on the screen indicates that local parameters have been activated for the tool. Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen.
16 Working with measurement tools 16.6.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with one or more handles. 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select (Max/Min/Avg). 4. Push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 5. Use the navigation pad to select one or more of the following: • Select (Max) to display the maximum value.
16 Working with measurement tools 16.7.2 Procedure Note • You can set up a difference calculation when defining user presets, or when editing an image in the archive. • This procedure assumes that you have previously laid out at least one measurement tool on the screen. 16.7.2.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To set up a difference calculation, do the following: • If you are defining user presets, select (Add measurement) and then select (Add delta).
16 Working with measurement tools 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Select (Set alarm on spot) and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 4. In the dialog box, you can define the settings for the alarm. • Alarm condition: The condition that triggers the alarm. Applicable values are Above, Below, or Off. • Alarm limit: The temperature value that will be the critical condition when an alarm is triggered or not.
16 Working with measurement tools 16.8.4.3 Setting up an alarm for a difference calculation Note • You can set up an alarm for a difference calculation when defining user presets, or when editing an image in the archive. • This procedure assumes that you have previously set up a difference calculation. Follow this procedure: 1. To set up an alarm for a difference calculation, do the following: • If you are defining user presets, select (Add measurement).
17 Working with color alarms and isotherms 17.1 Color alarms 17.1.1 General By using color alarms (isotherms), anomalies can easily be discovered in an infrared image. The isotherm command applies a contrasting color to all pixels with a temperature above, below, or between the set temperature levels. The camera also features isotherm types that are specific to the building trade: condensation and insulation alarms.
17 Working with color alarms and isotherms Color alarm Image Interval alarm Condensation alarm Insulation alarm 17.1.3 Setting up above, below, and interval alarms Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Color) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • (Above alarm). • (Below alarm). • (Interval alarm). 4. Push the navigation pad.
17 Working with color alarms and isotherms 17.1.4 Note Building isotherms The Condensation and Insulation alarms are not supported by all camera models. 17.1.4.1 About the Condensation alarm To detect areas with potential moisture problems, you can use the Condensation alarm. You can set the relative humidity above which the isotherm will colorize the image. 17.1.4.2 About the Insulation alarm The Insulation alarm can detect areas where there may be an insulation deficiency in the building.
17 Working with color alarms and isotherms 4. Push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box where you can define the settings for the alarm. For the Condensation alarm, the following parameters can be set: • Atmospheric temperature: The current atmospheric temperature. • Relative humidity: The current relative humidity. • Relative humidity limit: The relative humidity level at which you want the alarm to be triggered.
18 Annotating images 18.1 General You can save additional information with an infrared image by using annotations. Annotations make reporting and post-processing more efficient by providing essential information about the image, e.g., conditions and information about where an image is taken. Annotations are added to the image file, and can be viewed and edited in the image archive, and also when moving files from the camera to reporting software on the computer.
18 Annotating images objects. The idea behind using a table with textual information is to avoid filling out forms or inspection protocols manually. The camera ships with an example text comment table template. You can also create your own templates. For more information, see section 18.3.3 Creating a text comment table template, page 77. 18.3.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Open the image in the image archive. 2. Push the navigation pad to display the top toolbar. 3.
18 Annotating images 18.3.3 Creating a text comment table template 18.3.3.1 General You can create a text comment table template in different ways: • Using FLIR Tools/Tools+, see section 18.3.3.2 Creating a table template using FLIR Tools/Tools+, page 77. • Manually creating a text comment file (*.tcf), see section 18.3.3.3 Manually creating a table template, page 77. 18.3.3.
18 Annotating images 2. Lines that start with “<” and end with “>” are labels and will appear on the left-hand side of the table. 3. Non-empty lines under a label line are regarded as values and will be displayed as options to the label above. 4. When you save the file, select UTF-8 encoding. With UTF-8 encoding, the file will support all languages currently supported by the camera. 5.
18 Annotating images 18.4.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Open the image in the image archive. 2. Push the navigation pad to display the top toolbar. 3. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 4. On the right toolbar, select the 5. A context menu is displayed. 6. To start a recording, select icon and push the navigation pad. (Record) and push the navigation pad. 7. To stop the recording, select (Stop) and push the navigation pad. 8.
18 Annotating images 18.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Open the image in the image archive. 2. Push the navigation pad to display the top toolbar. 3. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 4. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 5. You are now in sketch mode. Draw the sketch by touching the screen. 6. (Optional step.) Push the navigation pad. This displays a context menu.
19 Programming the camera (timelapse) 19.1 General You can program the camera to save images periodically (time-lapse). 19.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Recording mode) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Select (Time-lapse). 4. Push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box where you can set the save conditions: • Save interval: Use the navigation pad to set the time interval between each saved image.
20 Recording video clips 20.1 General You can record and save video clips to the memory card. Note The camera can be configured to save video in *.mpg or *.csq format. Select (Settings) > Save options & storage > Video compression. • Mpeg (*.mpg): Mpeg recordings cannot be edited after the file has been saved. • Radiometric storage (*csq): A *.csq file supports full radiometry but is only supported by FLIR Systems software. The file does not include any visual image information.
21 Screening alarm 21.1 General The screening alarm can be used, for example, at airports to detect passengers with elevated body temperatures, which may indicate the presence of a fever. The screening alarm can also be used to detect temperature anomalies in a series of inspected objects in a similar/fixed setup. Activating the screening mode will turn on a measurement box and screening data in the result table. The sampled average temperature. The alarm temperature. The measured temperature.
21 Screening alarm Note • Every time you push the programmable button above the screen, a sample is saved. Make sure you aim the camera toward an object within the interesting temperature range when you push (and hold) the button. • The algorithm has a memory of the last 10 samples. It discriminates between the highest and lowest values, and calculates an average of the remaining values. • Do not modify the measurement setup or activate another alarm because this will deactivate the screening alarm.
22 Pairing Bluetooth devices 22.1 General You can use the camera with the following Bluetooth devices: • METERLiNK devices (FLIR meters). • Bluetooth-enabled headsets. Before you can use a Bluetooth device with the camera, you need to pair the devices. The Bluetooth functionality is managed from the Settings menu. You can also enable/disable Bluetooth on the swipe-down menu. For more information, see section 9.5 Swipedown menu, page 24. 22.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.
23 Configuring Wi-Fi 23.1 General Depending on your camera configuration, you can connect the camera to a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi, or let the camera provide Wi-Fi access to other devices. You can connect the camera in two different ways: • Most common use: Setting up the camera as a wireless access point. This method is primarily used with other devices, e.g., an iPhone or iPad. • Less common use: Connecting the camera to a wireless local area network (WLAN).
24 Fetching data from external FLIR meters 24.1 General You can fetch data from some external FLIR meters that support Bluetooth and merge this data into the infrared image. When the camera is connected to a FLIR meter via Bluetooth, the measurement value from the meter is displayed in the result table of the camera. The FLIR meter value is also added to the information saved in the image file.
24 Fetching data from external FLIR meters 3. On the FLIR meter, enable Bluetooth mode. Refer to the user documentation for the meter for information on how to do this. 4. On the FLIR meter, choose the quantity that you want to use (voltage, current, resistance, etc.). Refer to the user documentation for the meter for information on how to do this. Results from the meter will now automatically be displayed in the result table in the top left corner of the infrared camera screen. 5.
25 Changing settings 25.1 General You can change a variety of settings in the camera. You do this on the Settings menu. The Settings menu includes the following: • • • • Connections. Camera temperature range. Save options & storage. Device settings. 25.1.1 Connections • Wi-Fi: This setting defines Wi-Fi networks. For more information, see section 23 Configuring Wi-Fi, page 86. • Bluetooth: This setting defines Bluetooth connectivity.
25 Changing settings ◦ Mpeg (*.mpeg): MPEG recordings cannot be edited after the file has been saved. ◦ Radiometric storage (*.csq): A CSQ file supports full radiometry but is only supported by FLIR Systems software. The file does not include any visual image information. With this setting, only the image modes Thermal and Macro are supported when recording video.
25 Changing settings ◦ Image overlay information: This setting specifies what image information the camera will display as an overlay on the image. For more information, see section 9.6 Image overlay information, page 24. You can select the following information to display: – – – – – – Date & time. Emissivity. Reflected temperature. Distance. Relative humidity. Atmospheric temperature. Note This setting only specifies what information to overlay on the image.
25 Changing settings ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Model. Serial number. Part number. Software: The version of the software. Storage: The used and free space on the memory card. Lens: The field of view of the lens. Battery: The remaining battery capacity (in percent). Register camera...: This will start the registration wizard. For more information, see section 6 Register the camera, page 11. ◦ Licenses: Open-source license information. • Regulatory: Displays regulatory information about the camera.
26 Cleaning the camera 26.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items 26.1.1 Liquids Use one of these liquids: • Warm water • A weak detergent solution 26.1.2 Equipment A soft cloth 26.1.3 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Soak the cloth in the liquid. 2. Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid. 3. Clean the part with the cloth. CAUTION Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera, the cables, or other items. This can cause damage. 26.2 Infrared lens 26.2.
26 Cleaning the camera 26.3 Infrared detector 26.3.1 General Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image. To remove any dust from the detector, follow the procedure below. Note • This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared detector. • In some cases the dust cannot be removed by following this procedure: the infrared detector must be cleaned mechanically.
27 Technical data Table of contents 27.1 Online field-of-view calculator........................................................... 95 27.2 Note about technical data................................................................. 95 27.3 Note about authoritative versions...................................................... 95 27.4 FLIR T530 24°.................................................................................. 96 27.5 FLIR T530 42°.................................................
27 Technical data 27.4 FLIR T530 24° P/N: 79302-0101 Rev.: 42536 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Available extra lenses Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.
27 Technical data Image presentation Aspect ratio 4:3 Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.5 FLIR T530 42° P/N: 79303-0101 Rev.: 42537 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Available extra lenses Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.
27 Technical data Image presentation Aspect ratio 4:3 Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.6 FLIR T530 24° + 14° P/N: 79304-0101 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.7 FLIR T530 24° + 42° P/N: 79305-0101 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.8 FLIR T530 24° + 14° & 42° P/N: 79306-0101 Rev.: 42540 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.49 ft.
27 Technical data Image presentation Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F) Optional: 300–1200
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • • • T911633ACC; Power supply for battery charger T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.9 FLIR T530 42° + 14° P/N: 79307-0101 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T199616; High temperature option, +300 to +1200°C T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.10 FLIR T540 24° P/N: 79302-0201 Rev.: 42542 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Available extra lenses Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.
27 Technical data Image presentation Aspect ratio 4:3 Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.11 FLIR T540 42° P/N: 79303-0201 Rev.: 42543 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Available extra lenses Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.
27 Technical data Image presentation Aspect ratio 4:3 Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.12 FLIR T540 24° + 14° P/N: 79304-0201 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.13 FLIR T540 24° + 42° P/N: 79305-0201 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.14 FLIR T540 24° + 14° & 42° P/N: 79306-0201 Rev.: 42546 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD Field of view Minimum focus distance Minimum focus distance with MSX Focal length Spatial resolution (IFOV) Lens identification • • • <30 mK, 42° @ +30°C (+86°F) <40 mK, 24° @ +30°C (+86°F) <50 mK, 14° @ +30°C (+86°F) • • • 42° × 32° 24° × 18° 14° × 10° • • • • 0.15 m (0.49 ft.), 42° 0.15 m (0.49 ft.
27 Technical data Image presentation Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F) 300–1500°C (572–27
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • • T911633ACC; Power supply for battery charger T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
27 Technical data 27.15 FLIR T540 42° + 14° P/N: 79307-0201 Rev.
27 Technical data Image presentation Auto-rotation Yes Touchscreen Optically bonded PCAP Display technology IPS Cover glass material Dragontrail® Programmable buttons 2 Viewfinder No Image adjustment • • • • Automatic Automatic maximum Automatic minimum Manual Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes MSX Yes Picture in picture Resizable and movable Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F) 0–650°C (32–1202°F
27 Technical data Alarm Moisture alarm Yes Insulation alarm Yes Measurement alarm Audible/visual alarms above/below Set-up Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date, and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory: SD card Time lapse (Periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control o
27 Technical data Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–130 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
27 Technical data Environmental data Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) Size (L × W × H) 1.3 kg (2.9 lb.) • • Lens vertical: 140 × 201.3 × 84.1 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 3.3 in.) Lens horisontal: 140 × 201.3 × 167.3 mm (5.5 × 7.9 × 6.6 in.) Battery weight 195 g (6.89 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 59 × 66 × 94 mm (2.3 × 2.6 × 3.7 in.
27 Technical data • • • • • T199610; Battery charger T199300ACC; Battery T199601; Hand strap and neck strap T199347ACC; Hard transport case T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) #T810253; r.
28 Mechanical drawings [See next page] #T810253; r.
© 2016, FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this drawing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from FLIR Systems, Inc. Specifications subject to change without further notice. Dimensional data is based on nominal values. Products may be subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply.
© 2016, FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this drawing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from FLIR Systems, Inc. Specifications subject to change without further notice. Dimensional data is based on nominal values. Products may be subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply.
© 2016, FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this drawing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from FLIR Systems, Inc. Specifications subject to change without further notice. Dimensional data is based on nominal values. Products may be subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply.
29 Application examples 29.1 Moisture & water damage 29.1.1 General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an infrared camera. This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduction property and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the surrounding material. Many factors can come into play as to how moisture or water damage will appear in an infrared image.
29 Application examples 29.3 Oxidized socket 29.3.1 General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed, oxides may occur on the socket's contact surfaces. These oxides can lead to locally increased resistance when the socket is loaded, which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase. A socket’s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another.
29 Application examples 29.4 Insulation deficiencies 29.4.1 General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall. An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insulation, and/or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building.
29 Application examples #T810253; r.
30 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high-performance infrared imaging systems, and is the world leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and government applications.
30 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry. We anticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones. The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery-operated portable camera for industrial inspections, and the first uncooled infrared camera, to mention just two innovations. Figure 30.2 1969: Thermovision Model 661.
30 About FLIR Systems 30.3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times. If you discover a problem with your camera, local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time. Therefore, there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language. #T810253; r.
31 Terms, laws, and definitions Term Definition Absorption and emission3 The capacity or ability of an object to absorb incident radiated energy is always the same as the capacity to emit its own energy as radiation Apparent temperature uncompensated reading from an infrared instrument, containing all radiation incident on the instrument, regardless of its sources4 Color palette assigns different colors to indicate specific levels of apparent temperature.
31 Terms, laws, and definitions Term Definition Radiative heat transfer Heat transfer by the emission and absorption of thermal radiation Reflected apparent temperature apparent temperature of the environment that is reflected by the target into the IR camera14 Spatial resolution ability of an IR camera to resolve small objects or details Temperature measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms that make up the substance Thermal energy total kinetic energy of the molecules t
32 Thermographic measurement techniques 32.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the temperature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity. Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object.
32 Thermographic measurement techniques 32.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Follow this procedure: 1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b). Figure 32.1 1 = Reflection source 2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard. Figure 32.2 1 = Reflection source #T810253; r.
32 Thermographic measurement techniques 3. Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflection source using the following settings: • Emissivity: 1.0 • Dobj: 0 You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: Figure 32.3 1 = Reflection source Figure 32.4 1 = Reflection source You can not use a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature, because a thermocouple measures temperature, but apparent temperatrure is radiation intensity. 32.2.
32 Thermographic measurement techniques 5. Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down. The foil is considered a perfect reflector, so its apparent temperature equals the reflected apparent temperature from the surroundings. Figure 32.5 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil. 32.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure: 1. Select a place to put the sample. 2.
32 Thermographic measurement techniques 32.3 Reflected apparent temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object. If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly. 32.4 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera.
33 The secret to a good thermal image 33.1 Introduction The use of thermal cameras has spread to many professional environments in recent years. They are easy to handle, and thermal images are quick to take. Images can also be attached to reports easily, e.g., for an inspection of an electrical installation or building as evidence of work carried out or of any faults or deviations identified.
33 The secret to a good thermal image Photography Thermography Aesthetically pleasing Clear heat patterns Emotive Objective Image detail Image detail Focus Focus Lighting Emission and reflection Brightness Brightness Contrast Contrast As with photography, in thermography there are countless possibilities for editing images —provided they are saved as radiometric images. However, not all settings can be changed, and not all image errors can be corrected. 33.
33 The secret to a good thermal image Figure 33.3 The same radiator from the same distance with the same settings, taken by three different thermal cameras: FLIR C2 (left), FLIR T440 (middle), and FLIR T640 (right). 33.4.2 Temperature range For hand-held uncooled microbolometer cameras, the “exposure” is essentially preset by the image frame rate. This means that it is not possible to choose for how long—and therefore how much—radiation hits the camera detector.
33 The secret to a good thermal image sofas, indoor plants or curtains. Figure 33.6 illustrates this situation—which occurs all too regularly. Figure 33.6 “Thermographic inspection” of an inaccessible object. It is also important that the object under investigation, or its areas of interest, take up the whole thermal image. This is particularly true when measuring the temperature of small objects. The spot tool must be completely filled by the object to enable correct temperature measurements.
33 The secret to a good thermal image Figure 33.8 A thermal image in automatic mode (left) and in manual model (right). The adjusted temperature interval increases the contrast in the image and makes the faults clear. 33.5.2 Palettes and isotherms Palettes represent intervals with the same apparent temperatures using different sets of colors. In other words, they translate specific radiation intensities into colors that are specific to a particular palette.
33 The secret to a good thermal image Figure 33.11 Change in emissivity for a saved image. The maximum temperature is 65.0°C (149°F) for ε = 0.95 in the left image and 77.3°C (171.1°F) for ε = 0.7 in the right image. 33.6 Taking images—practical tips The following list includes some practical tips. However, note that this is not a comprehensive description of the thermal imaging procedure. • Ensure that the camera is saving radiometric images.
34 About calibration 34.1 Introduction Calibration of a thermal camera is a prerequisite for temperature measurement. The calibration provides the relationship between the input signal and the physical quantity that the user wants to measure. However, despite its widespread and frequent use, the term “calibration” is often misunderstood and misused. Local and national differences as well as translation-related issues create additional confusion.
34 About calibration purposes, most users do not have it. Non-measuring devices that are used for imaging only do not need temperature calibration. Sometimes this is also reflected in camera terminology when talking about infrared or thermal imaging cameras compared with thermography cameras, where the latter are the measuring devices.
34 About calibration Calibration is also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities to be measured, typically obtained from measurement standards. Simplified, adjustment is a manipulation that results in instruments that measure correctly within their specifications.
35 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800. Figure 35.1 Sir William Herschel (1738–1822) The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material.
35 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery, he referred to this new portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as the ‘thermometrical spectrum’. The radiation itself he sometimes referred to as ‘dark heat’, or simply ‘the invisible rays’. Ironically, and contrary to popular opinion, it wasn't Herschel who originated the term ‘infrared’. The word only began to appear in print around 75 years later, and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator.
35 History of infrared technology Figure 35.4 Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906) The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major breakthrough, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded.
36 Theory of thermography 36.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given. 36.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.
36 Theory of thermography Figure 36.2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) The construction of a blackbody source is, in principle, very simple. The radiation characteristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody. A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides.
36 Theory of thermography where: Wλb Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ. c Velocity of light = 3 × 108 m/s h Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10-34 Joule sec. k Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10-23 Joule/K. T Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody. λ Wavelength (μm). Note The factor 10-6 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m2, μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves.
36 Theory of thermography Figure 36.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx. 6 000 K) emits yellow light, peaking at about 0.5 μm in the middle of the visible light spectrum. At room temperature (300 K) the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9.7 μm, in the far infrared, while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm, in the extreme infrared wavelengths. Figure 36.
36 Theory of thermography Figure 36.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m2, we obtain 1 kW.
36 Theory of thermography • A selective radiator, for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff’s law, for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorptance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength. That is: From this we obtain, for an opaque material (since αλ + ρλ = 1): For highly polished materials ελ approaches zero, so that for a perfectly reflecting material (i.e.
36 Theory of thermography 36.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials Consider now a non-metallic, semi-transparent body – let us say, in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material. When the plate is heated, radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed. Moreover, when it arrives at the surface, some of it is reflected back into the interior.
37 The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path. To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself.
37 The measurement formula 2. Reflected emission from ambient sources = (1 – ε)τWrefl, where (1 – ε) is the reflectance of the object. The ambient sources have the temperature Trefl. It has here been assumed that the temperature Trefl is the same for all emitting surfaces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface. This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation.
37 The measurement formula magnitudes of the three radiation terms. This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters. The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures, two emittances, and two spectral ranges: SW and LW. Remaining parameters have the following fixed values: • τ = 0.
37 The measurement formula Figure 37.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; Trefl = 20°C (+68°F); Tatm = 20°C (+68°F). #T810253; r.
38 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 38.1 References 1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. 2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C. 3. Madding, R. P.: Thermographic Instruments and systems.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aluminum anodized, light gray, dull 70 SW 0.61 9 Aluminum anodized, light gray, dull 70 LW 0.97 9 Aluminum as received, plate 100 T 0.09 4 Aluminum as received, sheet 100 T 0.09 2 Aluminum cast, blast cleaned 70 SW 0.47 9 Aluminum cast, blast cleaned 70 LW 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brass oxidized 70 LW 0.03–0.07 9 Brass oxidized at 600°C 200–600 T 0.59–0.61 1 Brass polished 200 T 0.03 1 Brass polished, highly 100 T 0.03 2 Brass rubbed with 80grit emery 20 T 0.20 2 Brass sheet, rolled 20 T 0.06 1 Brass sheet, worked with emery 20 T 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carbon graphite, filed surface 20 T 0.98 2 Carbon lampblack 20–400 T 0.95–0.97 1 Chipboard untreated 20 SW 0.90 6 Chromium polished 50 T 0.10 1 Chromium polished 500–1000 T 0.28–0.38 1 Clay fired 70 T 0.91 1 Cloth black 20 T 0.98 1 20 T 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Glass pane (float glass) non-coated 20 LW 0.97 14 Gold polished 130 T 0.018 1 Gold polished, carefully 200–600 T 0.02–0.03 1 Gold polished, highly 100 T 0.02 2 Granite polished 20 LLW 0.849 8 Granite rough 21 LLW 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Iron and steel rusty, red 20 T 0.69 1 Iron and steel shiny oxide layer, sheet, 20 T 0.82 1 Iron and steel shiny, etched 150 T 0.16 1 Iron and steel wrought, carefully polished 40–250 T 0.28 1 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 SW 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lead oxidized, gray 22 T 0.28 4 Lead shiny 250 T 0.08 1 Lead unoxidized, polished 100 T 0.05 4 100 T 0.93 4 100 T 0.93 1 T 0.75–0.80 1 Lead red Lead red, powder Leather tanned Lime T 0.3–0.4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0.07 4 Magnesium 260 T 0.13 4 538 T 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nickel oxidized at 600°C 200–600 T 0.37–0.48 1 Nickel polished 122 T 0.045 4 Nickel wire 200–1000 T 0.1–0.2 1 1000–1250 T 0.75–0.86 1 Nickel oxide Nickel oxide 500–650 T 0.52–0.59 1 Oil, lubricating 0.025 mm film 20 T 0.27 2 Oil, lubricating 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paper white, 3 different glosses 70 LW 0.88–0.90 9 Paper yellow T 0.72 1 17 SW 0.86 5 Plaster plasterboard, untreated 20 SW 0.90 6 Plaster rough coat 20 T 0.91 2 Plastic glass fibre laminate (printed circ. board) 70 SW 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Slag boiler 600–1200 T 0.76–0.70 1 Soil dry 20 T 0.92 2 Soil saturated with water 20 T 0.95 2 Stainless steel alloy, 8% Ni, 18% Cr 500 T 0.35 1 Stainless steel rolled 700 T 0.45 1 Stainless steel sandblasted 700 T 0.
38 Emissivity tables Table 38.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water frost crystals –10 T 0.98 2 Water ice, covered with heavy frost 0 T 0.98 1 Water ice, smooth 0 T 0.97 1 Water ice, smooth –10 T 0.96 2 Water layer >0.1 mm thick 0–100 T 0.95–0.98 1 Water snow T 0.8 1 Water snow –10 T 0.85 2 Wood 17 SW 0.
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