User’s manual FLIR Exx series
User’s manual FLIR Exx series #T810190; r.
Table of contents 1 Disclaimers ......................................................................................1 1.1 Legal disclaimer ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Usage statistics ........................................................................ 1 1.3 Changes to registry ................................................................... 1 1.4 U.S. Government Regulations...................................................... 1 1.5 Copyright ...
Table of contents 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 11 10.1.1 General...................................................................... 25 10.1.2 Using the USB battery charger to charge the battery ............ 25 10.1.3 Using the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery ....................................................................... 26 10.1.4 Charging the battery using a USB cable connected to a computer...
Table of contents 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.1.2 File-naming convention ................................................. 46 11.1.3 Storage capacity .......................................................... 46 Saving an image ..................................................................... 46 11.2.1 General...................................................................... 46 11.2.2 Procedure ..................................................................
Table of contents 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.4.2 Procedure .................................................................. 57 Changing the color palettes....................................................... 58 13.5.1 General...................................................................... 58 13.5.2 Procedure .................................................................. 59 Changing the measurement parameters ......................................
Table of contents 17.4 17.5 17.3.3 Creating a text comment table template ............................ 77 Adding a voice annotation......................................................... 79 17.4.1 General...................................................................... 79 17.4.2 Procedure .................................................................. 79 Adding a sketch...................................................................... 79 17.5.1 General.......................................
Table of contents 26 Technical data ................................................................................. 95 26.1 Online field-of-view calculator .................................................... 95 26.2 Note about technical data ......................................................... 95 26.3 Note about authoritative versions................................................ 95 26.4 FLIR E75 24° ......................................................................... 96 26.5 FLIR E75 42° .
Table of contents 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 The differences between a calibration performed by a user and that performed directly at FLIR Systems..................................... Calibration verification and adjustment ...................................... Non-uniformity correction........................................................ Thermal image adjustment (thermal tuning) ................................ 188 188 189 189 33 History of infrared technology.............................................
1 Disclaimers 1.1 Legal disclaimer 1.7 Patents All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction. One or several of the following patents and/or design patents may apply to the products and/or features.
1 Disclaimers html. The source code for the libraries Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI may be requested from FLIR Systems AB. #T810190; r.
2 Safety information WARNING Applicability: Class B digital devices. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
2 Safety information WARNING Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. If there is a leak from the battery and you get the fluid in your eyes, do not rub your eyes. Flush well with water and immediately get medical care. The battery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this. WARNING Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the specified charging time.
2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not hit the battery with a hammer. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not put your foot on the battery, hit it or cause shocks to it. Damage to the battery can occur. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Do not put the batteries in or near a fire, or into direct sunlight.
2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. When the battery is worn, apply insulation to the terminals with adhesive tape or equivalent materials before you discard it. Damage to the battery and injury to persons can occur if you do not do this. CAUTION Applicability: Cameras with one or more batteries. Remove any water or moisture on the battery before you install it. Damage to the battery can occur if you do not do this.
3 Notice to user 3.1 User-to-user forums Exchange ideas, problems, and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user-to-user forums. To go to the forums, visit: http://forum.infraredtraining.com/ 3.2 Calibration We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year. Contact your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera. 3.
3 Notice to user This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model. 3.8 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English. In the event of divergences due to translation errors, the English text has precedence. Any late changes are first implemented in English. #T810190; r.
4 Customer help 4.1 General For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com 4.2 Submitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.
4 Customer help • Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual 4.3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following, when applicable for the product: • • • • • • • • • Firmware updates for your infrared camera. Program updates for your PC/Mac software. Freeware and evaluation versions of PC/Mac software. User documentation for current, obsolete, and historical products. Mechanical drawings (in *.dxf and *.pdf format). Cad data models (in *.stp format).
5 Quick start guide 5.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Put a battery into the battery compartment. Connect the USB battery charger to the USB connector at the top of the camera. Charge the battery for 2 hours before starting the camera for the first time. Insert a memory card into the card slot at the top of the camera. Note Only use a memory card that has not previously been used in another type of camera. The cameras may organize files differently on the memory card.
6 Register the camera 6.1 General Register your camera to receive an extended warranty and other related benefits. To register the camera, you must log in using a FLIR Customer Support account. If you already have an existing FLIR Customer Support account, you can use the same login credentials. To complete the registration, you must enter a four-digit verification code into the camera. 6.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.
6 Register the camera 3. To create a new FLIR Customer Support account, do the following: 3.1. 3.2. Click Create a New Account. Enter the required information and click Create Account. 4. On the camera, select (Settings) Device settings > Camera information > Register camera. This displays the following dialog box: Note The first time you start the camera, the registration dialog box is displayed as a part of the setup of regional settings. #T810190; r.
6 Register the camera 5. Select Register and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box with the serial number of the camera. 6. On the computer, enter the serial number of the camera and click Validate. 7. When the serial number is validated, click Continue. #T810190; r.
6 Register the camera 8. Enter the required information and click Register Product. 9. When the registration is completed, the four-digit code is displayed. Note • The code is also sent by e-mail to the address registered with your FLIR Customer Support account. • The code is also displayed in your FLIR Customer Support portal under My Stuff > Products. #T810190; r.
6 Register the camera 10. On the camera, do the following to enter the code: • Push the navigation pad up/down to select a digit. • Push the navigation pad left/right to navigate to the previous/next digit. • When all digits have been entered, push the navigation pad right to select Submit. Push the navigation pad to confirm. 11. The camera is now registered and your extended warranty is activated. #T810190; r.
7 Camera parts 7.1 View from the front 7.1.1 Figure 7.1.2 Explanation 1. Laser distance meter. 2. Infrared lens. 3. Focus ring. 4. Autofocus button. 5. Trigger. 6. Lamp for the digital camera (left and right sides). 7. Digital camera. 8. Attachment point for the hand strap bracket (left and right sides). 9. Tripod mount. 10. Attachment point for the hand strap, wrist strap, or lanyard strap (left and right sides). #T810190; r.
7 Camera parts 7.2 View from the rear 7.2.1 Figure 7.2.2 Explanation 1. Cover for the USB connector and memory card slot. 2. Microphone. 3. Speaker. 4. Touch-screen LCD. 5. Image archive button. 6. Programmable button. 7. Button to operate the laser. 8. Back button. 9. On/off button. 10. Navigation pad with center push. 11. Battery. #T810190; r.
7 Camera parts 7.3 Laser distance meter and laser pointer 7.3.1 General The laser distance meter consists of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The laser distance meter determines the distance to a target by measuring the time it takes for a laser pulse to reach the target and return to the laser receiver. This time is converted to a distance, which is displayed on the screen. The laser receiver also works as a laser pointer.
7 Camera parts 7.3.3 Difference in position This figure shows the difference in position between the laser transmitter and the optical center of the infrared lens. 7.3.4 Laser warning label A laser warning label with the following information is attached to the camera: 7.3.5 Laser rules and regulations Wavelength: 650 nm. Maximum output power: 1 mW. This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated June 24, 2007. #T810190; r.
8 Screen elements 8.1 Figure 8.2 Explanation 1. Result table. 2. Status icons. 3. Measurement tool (e.g., spotmeter). 4. Temperature scale. 5. Submenu. 6. Main menu. 7. Settings button. 8. Color button. 9. Measurement button. 10. Image mode button. 11. Measurement parameters button. 12. Temperature scale button. Note 8.3 To display the menu system, tap the screen or push the navigation pad. Status icons Manual adjustment mode is enabled. The camera lamp is turned on.
8 Screen elements External infrared window compensation is enabled. Compass indicator (part of the image overlay information). The laser is on. 8.4 Swipe-down menu To open the swipe-down menu, place your finger at the top of the screen and swipe down. 1. Battery status indicator. 2. Memory card storage status indicator. 3. Wi-Fi button: Touch to enable/disable Wi-Fi. See also section 22 Configuring Wi-Fi, page 85. Bluetooth button: Touch to enable/disable Bluetooth.
8 Screen elements #T810190; r.
9 Navigating the menu system 9.1 General The figure above shows the two ways to navigate the menu system in the camera: • Using your index finger or a stylus pen specially designed for capacitive touch usage to navigate the menu system (left). • Using the navigation pad to navigate the menu system (right) and the back button . You can also use a combination of the two.
10 Handling the camera 10.1 Charging the battery 10.1.1 General Note • Charge the battery for 2 hours before starting the camera for the first time. • Select a mains socket that is near the equipment and easily accessible. 10.1.2 10.1.2.1 Using the USB battery charger to charge the battery Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Fold up the rubber cover at the top of the camera. 2. Connect the USB connector of the USB battery charger to the USB-C connector in the connector bay. 3.
10 Handling the camera 5. It is good practice to disconnect the USB battery charger from the mains socket when the battery is fully charged. 10.1.3 10.1.3.1 Using the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery Stand-alone battery charger LED indicator Type of signal Explanation The white LED flashes. The battery is being charged. The white LED glows continuously. The battery is fully charged. 10.1.3.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4.
10 Handling the camera 2. Connect a USB cable to the USB-C connector in the connector bay. Connect the other end of the USB cable to the computer. Note • To charge the camera, the computer must be turned on. • Charging the camera using a USB cable connected to a computer takes considerably longer than using the USB battery charger or the stand-alone battery charger. 10.2 Removing the battery Follow this procedure: 1. Turn off the camera. 2. Remove the battery from the camera. 10.
10 Handling the camera Note Do not remove the battery to turn off the camera. 10.4 Adjusting the infrared camera focus manually 10.4.1 Figure 10.4.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Do one of the following: • For far focus, rotate the focus ring clockwise (with the touch-screen LCD facing toward you). • For near focus, rotate the focus ring counter-clockwise (with the touch-screen LCD facing toward you). Note Do not touch the lens surface when you adjust the infrared camera focus manually.
10 Handling the camera • Laser: The focus is based on a laser distance measurement. The laser is used when the camera is autofocusing. The focus method is configured by a setting. Select Focus > Auto focus. 10.5.2 Figure 10.5.3 Procedure (Settings) > Device settings > WARNING Do not point the camera at the face of a person when you use the autofocus function. You can set the camera to use a laser distance measurement for the focus adjustment. The laser beam can cause eye irritation.
10 Handling the camera Note • Before you can enable continuous autofocus, you need to enable the laser and select laser as focus method. See section 10.6.2 Procedure, page 30. • When continuous autofocus is enabled, it is not possible to manually adjust the focus by rotating the focus ring. 10.6.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad. This displays the Settings menu. 3.
10 Handling the camera 10.8 Operating the laser distance meter 10.8.1 General The laser distance meter consists of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The laser distance meter determines the distance to a target by measuring the time it takes for a laser pulse to reach the target and return to the laser receiver. This time is converted to a distance, which is displayed on the screen. The laser receiver also works as a laser pointer.
10 Handling the camera 10.8.3 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To turn on the laser, push and hold the laser button is displayed on the screen. 2. To turn off the laser, release the laser button . The distance to the target . 10.9 Measuring areas 10.9.1 General The distance measured by the laser distance meter can be used as the basis for area calculations. A typical application is to estimate the size of a damp stain on a wall.
10 Handling the camera Note Only use a memory card that has not previously been used in another type of camera. The cameras may organize files differently on the memory card. There is therefore a risk of losing data if the same memory card is used in different types of cameras. 10.10.2 Figure 10.10.3 Explanation 1. LED indicator showing that the memory card is busy. Note • Do not eject the memory card when this LED is flashing. • Do not connect the camera to a computer when this LED is flashing. 2.
10 Handling the camera 10.11.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Fold up the rubber cover at the top of the camera. 2. Connect a USB cable to the USB-C connector in the connector bay. Connect the other end of the USB cable to the computer. 3. Turn on the camera. 4. Do one of the following: • Move the files to the computer using a drag-and-drop operation in Microsoft Windows Explorer. Note Moving a file using a drag-and-drop operation does not delete the file in the camera.
10 Handling the camera section 24.1.4 Save options & storage, page 89) and another setup for the programmable button. Available options for the programmable button: • No action: This is the default setting. Nothing will happen when you push the button. • Switch between auto and manual: Switch between automatic or manual image adjustment mode. For more information, see section 13.3 Adjusting the infrared image, page 55. • Autofocus: Autofocus the infrared camera.
10 Handling the camera 2. Push the navigation pad up/down to select one of the functions. Push the center of the navigation pad to confirm. 10.13 Using the camera lamp as a flash 10.13.1 General The camera lamp can be used as a flash for the digital camera. When the flash function is enabled, the camera lamp will flash when an image is saved by pulling the trigger. You can also turn on the camera lamp to use it as a flashlight. 10.13.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.
10 Handling the camera 10.14.2 Mounting the hand strap Follow this procedure: 1. Fit the upper part of the hand strap into the bracket. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 2. Fit the bracket in place on the camera and tighten the screw with the supplied Torx key. 3. Thread the loose strap through the attachment point at the base of the camera. Secure the strap with the hook-and-loop fastener. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 10.15 Lanyard strap 10.15.1 General 10.15.2 Mounting the lanyard strap Follow this procedure: 1. Remove the camera battery. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 2. Starting with the FLIR logo part, thread the lanyard strap through the attachment point at the base of the camera. 3. Pull the entire lanyard strap through the attachment point until it stops. 10.16 Wrist strap 10.16.1 General The wrist strap can also be used to attach a carabiner to the camera. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 10.16.2 Mounting the wrist strap Follow this procedure: 1. Remove the camera battery. 2. Fold the wrist strap. Make sure that the part with the FLIR logo faces away from the bend. 3. Thread the bent wrist strap through the attachment point at the base of the camera. 4. Pull the entire wrist strap through the attachment point until it stops. 10.
10 Handling the camera 10.18 Changing camera lenses Note Do not touch the lens surface when you change lenses. If this happens, clean the lens according to the instructions in 25.2 Infrared lens, page 93. Follow this procedure: 1. Take a firm grip around the blue ring of the lens. Rotate the blue ring 30° counterclockwise until it stops. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 2. Carefully pull out the lens. 3. The infrared detector is now fully exposed. Do not touch this surface. If you see dust on the detector, follow the instructions in 25.3 Infrared detector, page 94. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 4. Make sure that the blue ring of the camera lens is fully in its open position. • Correct: The blue tooth (1) is in its end position at the black stop pin (2). • Wrong: You must rotate the blue ring until the blue tooth (1) reaches the black stop pin (2). 5. Carefully push the lens into position. #T810190; r.
10 Handling the camera 6. Rotate the blue ring of the lens 30° clockwise. The lens makes a click when it locks in place. 7. Make sure that the two index marks are aligned, indicating that the lens is locked in place. 10.19 Calibrating the compass It is recommended that the compass is calibrated every time you move the camera to a new location. 10.19.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad.
11 Saving and working with images 11.1 About image files 11.1.1 General When you save an image, the camera saves an image file that includes all thermal and visual information. This means that you can open an image file at a later time and, for example, select another image mode, apply color alarms, and add measurement tools. The image *.jpg file is fully radiometric and saved lossless, which enables full post-processing in image analysis and reporting software from FLIR Systems.
11 Saving and working with images 11.2.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To save an image, pull the trigger. Note Depending on the settings in ing may happen: (Settings) > Save options & storage, the follow- • A preview image is displayed before the image is saved. • An annotation tool or the annotation menu is displayed when the image has been saved. 11.3 Previewing an image 11.3.1 General You can preview an image before you save it.
11 Saving and working with images 4. Do one of the following: • To save the image, pull the trigger. • To exit preview mode without saving, push the back button . 11.4 Opening a saved image 11.4.1 General When you save an image, the image file is stored on the memory card. To display the image again, open it from the image archive (Gallery). 11.4.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery with one or more folders. 2.
11 Saving and working with images 8. Push the navigation pad. This displays a context menu. • Select (Cancel) to exit edit mode. • Select (Measurement parameters) to change the global parameters. • Select (Image mode) to change the image mode. • Select (Measurement) to add a measurement tool. • Select (Color) to change the color palette or set a color alarm. • Select (Save) to save and exit edit mode. 11.5.3 • • • • • Related topics 13.6 Changing the measurement parameters, page 59.
11 Saving and working with images 11.7 Deleting images You can delete image files from the memory card. For more information, see sections 12.8 Deleting an image or video file, page 53, 12.9 Deleting multiple files, page 53, and 12.10 Deleting all files, page 54. 11.8 Resetting the image counter 11.8.1 General You can reset the numbering of the image filenames.
12 Working with the image archive 12.1 General When you save an image or video clip, the camera stores the image/video file in the image archive on the memory card. You can open an image in the image archive and, for example, select another image mode, apply color alarms, and add measurement tools. You can also open and play saved video clips. In the camera, the image archive is called Gallery. The Gallery can include one or several folders.
12 Working with the image archive 12.4 Renaming a folder Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery . 2. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 3. Select the folder to rename and push the navigation pad. 4. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 5. A soft keyboard is displayed, where you can enter the new name of the folder by touching the screen. 6. When completed, touch Done on the soft keyboard. 12.
12 Working with the image archive 12.7 Deleting a folder Follow this procedure: 1. Push the image archive button . This displays the Gallery . 2. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 3. Select the folder to delete and push the navigation pad. 4. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 5. To delete the folder, select Delete and push the navigation pad. 12.8 Deleting an image or video file 12.8.
12 Working with the image archive 4. Use the navigation pad to select the image and video items you want to delete. You can also select the items by touching the screen. Selected items are marked with a tick. 5. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 6. To delete the selected items, select Delete and push the navigation pad. 12.10 Deleting all files 12.10.1 General You can delete all image and video files from the memory card. 12.10.
13 Achieving a good image 13.1 General A good image depends on several different functions and settings, although some functions and settings affect the image more than others. These are the functions and settings that you need to experiment with: • • • • • • Adjusting the infrared camera focus. Adjusting the infrared image (automatically or manually). Selecting a suitable temperature range. Selecting a suitable color palette. Changing the measurement parameters.
13 Achieving a good image (histogram color distribution). The temperature scale to the right of the screen shows the upper and lower temperatures of the current span. In manual mode, you can adjust the temperature scale to values close to the temperature of a specific object in the image. This will make it possible to detect anomalies and smaller temperature differences in the part of the image of interest.
13 Achieving a good image Automatic 13.3.4 Manual Manual adjustment in Level, Span mode Note This procedure assumes that you have configured the camera for manual image adjustments in Level, Span mode. Select Settings > Device settings > User interface options > Manual adjustment mode = Level, Span. Follow this procedure: 1. In live mode, push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Temperature scale) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu.
13 Achieving a good image 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad. This displays the Settings menu. 3. Select Camera temperature range and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 4. Select the appropriate temperature range and push the navigation pad. Note You can also assign the function Switch temperature range to the programmable button . For more information, see section 10.12 Assigning functions to the programmable button, page 34. 13.5 Changing the color palettes 13.5.
13 Achieving a good image White hot Black hot Lava 13.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Color) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select a different palette. 4. Push the navigation pad to confirm and exit the menu mode. 13.6 Changing the measurement parameters For accurate measurements, it is important to set the measurement parameters: • • • • • • External IR window compensation.
13 Achieving a good image 13.7 Performing a non-uniformity correction (NUC) When the thermal camera displays Calibrating... it is performing what in thermography is called a ”non-uniformity correction” (NUC). An NUC is an image correction carried out by the camera software to compensate for different sensitivities of detector elements and other optical and geometrical disturbances1. For more information, see section 32 About calibration, page 187.
13 Achieving a good image 13.8.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push and hold the programmable button . This displays the Programmable button menu. 2. Push the navigation pad up/down to select the function Hide image overlay graphics . 3. Push the navigation pad to confirm and exit the menu mode. #T810190; r.
14 Working with image modes 14.1 General The camera can capture both thermal and visual images at the same time. By your choice of image mode, you select which type of image to display on the screen. The camera supports the following image modes: • Thermal: A fully infrared image is displayed. • Thermal MSX (Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging): The camera displays an infrared image where the edges of the objects are enhanced with visual image details.
14 Working with image modes Image mode Image Picture in picture Digital camera 14.3 Selecting an image mode Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Image mode) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • (Thermal MSX). • (Thermal). • (Picture in picture). • (Digital camera). Note If the *.
15 Working with measurement tools 15.1 General To measure a temperature, you can use one or more measurement tools, e.g., a spotmeter or a box. 15.2 Adding/removing measurement tools Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • Select (No measurements) to remove all tools. • Select (Center spot) to add a center spot.
15 Working with measurement tools 2. Select (Measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select (User preset 1) or (User preset 2). 4. Push and hold the center of the navigation pad. This displays the Edit preset menu. 5. Select (Add measurement) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 6. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • Select (Add spot) to add a spot. • Select (Add box) to add a box.
15 Working with measurement tools 15.4.3 Note Moving and resizing a box or circle tool You can also move and resize the measurement tool by touching the screen. Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with one or more handles. 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Select (Move/resize) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 4.
15 Working with measurement tools opposite of emissivity is reflectivity. The emissivity determines how much of the radiation originates from the object as opposed to being reflected by it. Note There is an Emissivity mode setting, which you can use to enter the emissivity by material instead of by value. Select (Settings) > Device settings > User interface options > Emissivity mode > Select from materials table. Emissivity is the most important measurement parameter to set correctly.
15 Working with measurement tools 15.5.4.2 Changing local parameters You can change the local parameters for a measurement tool. A P next to the measurement tool on the screen indicates that local parameters have been activated for the tool. Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with one or more handles. 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Select (Use local parameters). 4.
15 Working with measurement tools 15.6.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To select the measurement tool, touch the tool on the screen. The tool is now displayed with one or more handles. 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select (depending on the tool) , Avg) or (Graph/Max/Min/Avg). 4. Push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 5.
15 Working with measurement tools 15.7.2 Procedure Note • You can set up a difference calculation when defining user presets, or when editing an image in the archive. • This procedure assumes that you have previously laid out at least one measurement tool on the screen. 15.7.2.1 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. To set up a difference calculation, do the following: • If you are defining user presets, select (Add measurement) and then select (Add delta).
15 Working with measurement tools 2. Push the navigation pad—or touch and hold the tool. This displays a context menu. 3. Select (Set alarm on spot) and push the navigation pad. This displays a dialog box. 4. In the dialog box, you can define the settings for the alarm. • Alarm condition: The condition that triggers the alarm. Applicable values are Above, Below, or Off. • Alarm limit: The temperature value that will be the critical condition when an alarm is triggered or not.
15 Working with measurement tools 5. In the dialog box, you can define the settings for the alarm. • Alarm condition: The condition that triggers the alarm. Applicable values are Above, Below, or Off. • Alarm limit: The temperature value that will be the critical condition when an alarm is triggered or not. • Alarm sound: Applicable values are Beep or No sound. 6. Push the navigation pad. This closes the dialog box. #T810190; r.
16 Working with color alarms and isotherms 16.1 Color alarms 16.1.1 General By using color alarms (isotherms), anomalies can easily be discovered in an infrared image. The isotherm command applies a contrasting color to all pixels with a temperature above, below, or between the set temperature levels. The camera also features isotherm types that are specific to the building trade: condensation and insulation alarms.
16 Working with color alarms and isotherms Color alarm Image Interval alarm Condensation alarm Insulation alarm 16.1.3 Setting up above, below, and interval alarms Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Color) and push the navigation pad. This displays a submenu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select one of the following: • (Above alarm). • (Below alarm). • (Interval alarm). 4. Push the navigation pad.
16 Working with color alarms and isotherms 16.1.4 Note Building isotherms The Condensation and Insulation alarms are not supported by all camera models. 16.1.4.1 About the Condensation alarm To detect areas with potential moisture problems, you can use the Condensation alarm. You can set the relative humidity above which the isotherm will colorize the image. 16.1.4.2 About the Insulation alarm The Insulation alarm can detect areas where there may be an insulation deficiency in the building.
17 Annotating images 17.1 General You can save additional information with an infrared image by using annotations. Annotations make reporting and post-processing more efficient by providing essential information about the image, e.g., conditions and information about where an image is taken. Annotations are added to the image file, and can be viewed and edited in the image archive, and also when moving files from the camera to reporting software on the computer.
17 Annotating images 5. (Optional step.) On the top toolbar, do one of the following: • To clear the content of the current table, select the tion pad. • To select another table template, select the icon and push the naviga- icon and push the navigation pad. 6. For each row in the table, do the following: • Push the navigation pad. This displays the predefined values. • Push the navigation pad up/down to select a predefined value. Push the navigation pad to confirm.
17 Annotating images 6. Do one of the following: • To use the template in the camera, connect a camera to FLIR Tools/Tools+ and transfer the template to the camera. • To use the template during post-analysis in FLIR Tools/Tools+, double-click an image, and then click Import from template under Text annotations in the right pane. 17.3.3.3 17.3.3.3.1 Manually creating a table template General A text comment file (*.tcf) is an annotation format that is proprietary to FLIR Systems.
17 Annotating images Replace Fix No action Critical Non-critical 17.4 Adding a voice annotation 17.4.1 General A voice annotation is an audio recording that is saved to the infrared image file. The recording can be played back in the camera, and in image analysis and reporting software from FLIR Systems. The voice annotation is recorded using the built-in microphone. You can also use a Bluetooth-enabled headset.
17 Annotating images 17.5.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Open the image in the image archive. 2. Push the navigation pad to display the top toolbar. 3. On the top toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 4. On the right toolbar, select the icon and push the navigation pad. 5. You are now in sketch mode. Draw the sketch by touching the screen. 6. (Optional step.) Push the navigation pad. This displays a context menu.
18 Programming the camera (timelapse) 18.1 General You can program the camera to save images periodically (time-lapse). 18.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad. This displays the Settings menu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select Recording mode > Time-lapse. 4. Push the navigation pad.
19 Recording video clips 19.1 General You can record and save video clips to the memory card. Note The camera can be configured to save video in *.mpg or *.csq format. Select (Settings) > Save options & storage > Video compression. • Mpeg (*.mpg): Mpeg recordings cannot be edited after the file has been saved. • Radiometric storage (*csq): A *.csq file supports full radiometry but is only supported by FLIR Systems software. The file does not include any visual image information.
20 Screening alarm 20.1 General The screening alarm can be used, for example, at airports to detect passengers with elevated body temperatures, which may indicate the presence of a fever. The screening alarm can also be used to detect temperature anomalies in a series of inspected objects in a similar/fixed setup. Activating the screening mode will turn on a measurement box and screening data in the result table. The sampled average temperature. The alarm temperature. The measured temperature.
21 Pairing Bluetooth devices 21.1 General You can use the camera with the following Bluetooth devices: • METERLiNK devices (FLIR meters). • Bluetooth-enabled headsets. Before you can use a Bluetooth device with the camera, you need to pair the devices. The Bluetooth functionality is managed from the Settings menu. You can also enable/disable Bluetooth on the swipe-down menu. For more information, see section 8.4 Swipedown menu, page 22. 21.2 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1.
22 Configuring Wi-Fi 22.1 General Depending on your camera configuration, you can connect the camera to a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi, or let the camera provide Wi-Fi access to other devices. You can connect the camera in two different ways: • Most common use: Setting up the camera as a wireless access point. This method is primarily used with other devices, e.g., an iPhone or iPad. • Less common use: Connecting the camera to a wireless local area network (WLAN).
22 Configuring Wi-Fi 22.4 Radio regulations settings Select a country to set the Wi-Fi radio settings in accordance with local radio regulations. Follow this procedure: 1. Push the navigation pad to display the menu system. 2. Select (Settings) and push the navigation pad. This displays the Settings menu. 3. Use the navigation pad to select Device settings > Connection > Wi-Fi > Country. 4. Select a country and push the navigation pad. #T810190; r.
23 Fetching data from external FLIR meters 23.1 General You can fetch data from some external FLIR meters that support Bluetooth and merge this data into the infrared image. When the camera is connected to a FLIR meter via Bluetooth, the measurement value from the meter is displayed in the result table of the camera. The FLIR meter value is also added to the information saved in the image file.
23 Fetching data from external FLIR meters 5. On the camera, in preview mode and when editing an image in the archive, you can do the following: • Push the programmable button FLIR meter. to add the value currently displayed by the • Push and hold the programmable button from the image. to remove all FLIR meter values Note Any function assigned to the programmable button is temporarily disabled when in preview mode or when editing an image in the archive. 23.
24 Changing settings 24.1 General You can change a variety of settings in the camera. You do this on the Settings menu. The Settings menu includes the following: • • • • • Recording mode. Connection. Camera temperature range. Save options & storage. Device settings. 24.1.1 Recording mode The Recording mode is used to select: • Single shot: This setting enables single shot mode. In this mode, you save an image by pulling the trigger. • Video: This setting enables video recording mode.
24 Changing settings • Photo as separate JPEG: For the Thermal MSX, Thermal, and Picture in picture image modes, a visual image is always saved in the same JPEG file as the thermal image. Enabling this setting saves an extra low-resolution visual image as a separate JPEG file. • Digital camera: This setting is used to turn on/off the digital camera. When the digital camera is off, the images modes Thermal MSX and Picture in picture are disabled.
24 Changing settings – – – – – – Date & time. Emissivity. Reflected temperature. Distance. Relative humidity. Atmospheric temperature. Note This setting only specifies what information to overlay on the image. All image information is always saved to the image file and is available in the image archive. ◦ Screen brightness: The screen brightness slider is used to control the brightness of the screen. Note You can also control the screen brightness on the swipe-down menu.
24 Changing settings ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Part number. Software: The version of the software. Storage: The used and free space on the memory card. Lens: The field of view of the lens. Battery: The remaining battery capacity (in percent). Register camera...: This will start the registration wizard. For more information, see section 6 Register the camera, page 12. ◦ Licenses: Open-source license information. • Regulatory: Displays regulatory information about the camera. No changes can be made. #T810190; r.
25 Cleaning the camera 25.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items 25.1.1 Liquids Use one of these liquids: • Warm water • A weak detergent solution 25.1.2 Equipment A soft cloth 25.1.3 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Soak the cloth in the liquid. 2. Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid. 3. Clean the part with the cloth. CAUTION Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera, the cables, or other items. This can cause damage. 25.2 Infrared lens 25.2.
25 Cleaning the camera 25.3 Infrared detector 25.3.1 General Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image. To remove any dust from the detector, follow the procedure below. Note • This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared detector. • In some cases the dust cannot be removed by following this procedure: the infrared detector must be cleaned mechanically.
26 Technical data 26.1 Online field-of-view calculator Please visit http://support.flir.com and click the photo of the camera series for field-ofview tables for all lens–camera combinations. 26.2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Please check http://support.flir.com for latest changes. 26.3 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English.
26 Technical data 26.4 FLIR E75 24° P/N: 78502-0101 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) Optional 300–1000°C (572–1830°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.5 FLIR E75 42° P/N: 78503-0101 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <30 mK @ +30°C Field of view 42° × 32° Minimum focus distance 0.3 m (1.0 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.65 m (2.1 ft.) Focal length 10 mm (0.39 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 1.66 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) Optional 300–1000°C (572–1830°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.6 FLIR E75 24° + 14° P/N: 78504-0101 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) Optional 300–1000°C (572–1830°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.7 FLIR E75 24° + 42° P/N: 78505-0101 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) Optional 300–1000°C (572–1830°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.8 FLIR E75 24° + 14° & 42° P/N: 78506-0101 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 320 × 240 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) Optional 300–1000°C (572–1830°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.9 FLIR E85 24° P/N: 78502-0201 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 384 × 288 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) +300°C to +1200°C (572–2192°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.10 FLIR E85 42° P/N: 78503-0201 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 384 × 288 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <30 mK @ +30°C Field of view 42° × 32° Minimum focus distance 0.3 m (1.0 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.65 m (2.1 ft.) Focal length 10 mm (0.39 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 1.66 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) +300°C to +1200°C (572–2192°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.11 FLIR E85 24° + 14° P/N: 78504-0201 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 384 × 288 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) +300°C to +1200°C (572–2192°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.12 FLIR E85 24° + 42° P/N: 78505-0201 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 384 × 288 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) +300°C to +1200°C (572–2192°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.13 FLIR E85 24° + 14° & 42° P/N: 78506-0201 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 384 × 288 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) +300°C to +1200°C (572–2192°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) No Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi) Standard JPEG, measurement da
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.14 FLIR E95 24° P/N: 78502-0301 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) 300–1500°C (572–2732°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi)
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.15 FLIR E95 42° P/N: 78503-0301 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <30 mK @ +30°C Field of view 42° × 32° Minimum focus distance 0.3 m (1.0 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.65 m (2.1 ft.) Focal length 10 mm (0.39 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 1.66 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) 300–1500°C (572–2732°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi)
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.16 FLIR E95 24° + 14° P/N: 78504-0301 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) 300–1500°C (572–2732°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi)
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.17 FLIR E95 24° + 42° P/N: 78505-0301 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) 300–1500°C (572–2732°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi)
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
26 Technical data 26.18 FLIR E95 24° + 14° & 42° P/N: 78506-0301 Rev.: 39643 Imaging and optical data Infrared resolution 464 × 348 pixels UltraMax (super-resolution) In FLIR Tools NETD <40 mK @ +30°C Field of view 24° × 18° Minimum focus distance 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Minimum focus distance with MSX 0.5 m (1.6 ft.) Focal length 17 mm (0.67 in.) Spatial resolution (IFOV) 0.90 mrad/pix External optics • • 14° 42° Lens identification Automatic f number 1.
26 Technical data Image presentation modes Infrared image Yes Visual image Yes Thermal fusion No Blending No MSX Yes FSX No Picture in picture Resizable and movable Panorama No Gallery Yes Measurement Object temperature range Accuracy • • • –20 to +120°C (–4 to 248°F) 0–650°C (32–1200°F) 300–1500°C (572–2732°F) ±2°C (±3.
26 Technical data Setup Color palettes • • • • • • Iron Gray Rainbow Arctic Lava Rainbow HC Setup commands Local adaptation of units, language, date and time formats Languages 21 Service functions Camera software update Use PC software FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Removable memory; SD card (8 GB) Time lapse (periodic image storage) 10 seconds to 24 hours (infrared) Remote control operation Image file format • • Using FLIR Tools (using USB cable) FLIR Tools Mobile (over Wi-Fi)
26 Technical data Video streaming Dual streaming No Visual video streaming No Digital camera Resolution 5 MP with LED light Focus Fixed Field of view 53° × 41° Video lamp Built-in LED light Laser pointer Laser alignment Position is automatically displayed on the infrared image Laser distance meter Activated by a dedicated button Laser Class 2, 0.05–40 m (1.6–131 ft.) ±1% of measured distance Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB 2.
26 Technical data Environmental data Radio spectrum • • • ETSI EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.249 RSS-247 Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 60529) Shock 25g (IEC 60068-2-27) Vibration 2g (IEC 60068-2-6) Safety EN/UL/CSA/PSE 60950-1 Physical data Weight (including battery) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) Size (L × W × H) 278.4 × 116.1 × 113.1 mm (11.0 × 4.6 × 4.4 in.) Battery weight 140 g (4.9 oz.) Battery size (L × W × H) 150 × 46 × 55 mm (5.9 × 1.8 × 2.2 in.
27 Mechanical drawings #T810190; r.
© 2016, FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this drawing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from FLIR Systems, Inc. Specifications subject to change without further notice. Dimensional data is based on nominal values. Products may be subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply.
28 Application examples 28.1 Moisture & water damage 28.1.1 General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an infrared camera. This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduction property and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the surrounding material. Many factors can come into play as to how moisture or water damage will appear in an infrared image.
28 Application examples 28.3 Oxidized socket 28.3.1 General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed, oxides may occur on the socket's contact surfaces. These oxides can lead to locally increased resistance when the socket is loaded, which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase. A socket’s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another.
28 Application examples 28.4 Insulation deficiencies 28.4.1 General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall. An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insulation, and/or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building.
28 Application examples #T810190; r.
29 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high-performance infrared imaging systems, and is the world leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and government applications.
29 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry. We anticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones. The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery-operated portable camera for industrial inspections, and the first uncooled infrared camera, to mention just two innovations. Figure 29.2 1969: Thermovision Model 661.
29 About FLIR Systems 29.3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times. If you discover a problem with your camera, local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time. Therefore, there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language. #T810190; r.
30 Definitions and laws Term Definition Absorption and emission2 The capacity or ability of an object to absorb incident radiated energy is always the same as the capacity to emit its own energy as radiation Apparent temperature uncompensated reading from an infrared instrument, containing all radiation incident on the instrument, regardless of its sources3 Color palette assigns different colors to indicate specific levels of apparent temperature.
30 Definitions and laws Term Definition Radiative heat transfer Heat transfer by the emission and absorption of thermal radiation Reflected apparent temperature apparent temperature of the environment that is reflected by the target into the IR camera13 Spatial resolution ability of an IR camera to resolve small objects or details Temperature measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms that make up the substance Thermal energy total kinetic energy of the molecules that make
31 Thermographic measurement techniques 31.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the temperature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity. Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object.
31 Thermographic measurement techniques 31.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Follow this procedure: 1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b). Figure 31.1 1 = Reflection source 2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard. Figure 31.2 1 = Reflection source #T810190; r.
31 Thermographic measurement techniques 3. Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflection source using the following settings: • Emissivity: 1.0 • Dobj: 0 You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: Figure 31.3 1 = Reflection source Figure 31.4 1 = Reflection source You can not use a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature, because a thermocouple measures temperature, but apparent temperatrure is radiation intensity. 31.2.
31 Thermographic measurement techniques 5. Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down. The foil is considered a perfect reflector, so its apparent temperature equals the reflected apparent temperature from the surroundings. Figure 31.5 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil. 31.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure: 1. Select a place to put the sample. 2.
31 Thermographic measurement techniques 31.3 Reflected apparent temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object. If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly. 31.4 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera.
32 About calibration 32.1 Introduction Calibration of a thermal camera is a prerequisite for temperature measurement. The calibration provides the relationship between the input signal and the physical quantity that the user wants to measure. However, despite its widespread and frequent use, the term “calibration” is often misunderstood and misused. Local and national differences as well as translation-related issues create additional confusion.
32 About calibration calibrated by the user too. However, as this software is not suitable for reporting purposes, most users do not have it. Non-measuring devices that are used for imaging only do not need temperature calibration. Sometimes this is also reflected in camera terminology when talking about infrared or thermal imaging cameras compared with thermography cameras, where the latter are the measuring devices.
32 About calibration Calibration is also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities to be measured, typically obtained from measurement standards. Simplified, adjustment is a manipulation that results in instruments that measure correctly within their specifications.
33 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800. Figure 33.1 Sir William Herschel (1738–1822) The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material.
33 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery, he referred to this new portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as the ‘thermometrical spectrum’. The radiation itself he sometimes referred to as ‘dark heat’, or simply ‘the invisible rays’. Ironically, and contrary to popular opinion, it wasn't Herschel who originated the term ‘infrared’. The word only began to appear in print around 75 years later, and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator.
33 History of infrared technology Figure 33.4 Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906) The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major breakthrough, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded.
34 Theory of thermography 34.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given. 34.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.
34 Theory of thermography Figure 34.2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) The construction of a blackbody source is, in principle, very simple. The radiation characteristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody. A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides.
34 Theory of thermography where: Wλb Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ. c Velocity of light = 3 × 108 m/s h Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10-34 Joule sec. k Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10-23 Joule/K. T Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody. λ Wavelength (μm). Note The factor 10-6 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m2, μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves.
34 Theory of thermography Figure 34.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx. 6 000 K) emits yellow light, peaking at about 0.5 μm in the middle of the visible light spectrum. At room temperature (300 K) the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9.7 μm, in the far infrared, while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm, in the extreme infrared wavelengths. Figure 34.
34 Theory of thermography Figure 34.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m2, we obtain 1 kW.
34 Theory of thermography • A selective radiator, for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff’s law, for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorptance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength. That is: From this we obtain, for an opaque material (since αλ + ρλ = 1): For highly polished materials ελ approaches zero, so that for a perfectly reflecting material (i.e.
34 Theory of thermography 34.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials Consider now a non-metallic, semi-transparent body – let us say, in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material. When the plate is heated, radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed. Moreover, when it arrives at the surface, some of it is reflected back into the interior.
35 The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path. To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself.
35 The measurement formula 2. Reflected emission from ambient sources = (1 – ε)τWrefl, where (1 – ε) is the reflectance of the object. The ambient sources have the temperature Trefl. It has here been assumed that the temperature Trefl is the same for all emitting surfaces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface. This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation.
35 The measurement formula magnitudes of the three radiation terms. This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters. The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures, two emittances, and two spectral ranges: SW and LW. Remaining parameters have the following fixed values: • τ = 0.
35 The measurement formula Figure 35.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; Trefl = 20°C (+68°F); Tatm = 20°C (+68°F). #T810190; r.
36 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 36.1 References 1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. 2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C. 3. Madding, R. P.: Thermographic Instruments and systems.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aluminum anodized, light gray, dull 70 SW 0.61 9 Aluminum anodized, light gray, dull 70 LW 0.97 9 Aluminum as received, plate 100 T 0.09 4 Aluminum as received, sheet 100 T 0.09 2 Aluminum cast, blast cleaned 70 SW 0.47 9 Aluminum cast, blast cleaned 70 LW 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brass oxidized 70 LW 0.03–0.07 9 Brass oxidized at 600°C 200–600 T 0.59–0.61 1 Brass polished 200 T 0.03 1 Brass polished, highly 100 T 0.03 2 Brass rubbed with 80grit emery 20 T 0.20 2 Brass sheet, rolled 20 T 0.06 1 Brass sheet, worked with emery 20 T 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carbon graphite, filed surface 20 T 0.98 2 Carbon lampblack 20–400 T 0.95–0.97 1 Chipboard untreated 20 SW 0.90 6 Chromium polished 50 T 0.10 1 Chromium polished 500–1000 T 0.28–0.38 1 Clay fired 70 T 0.91 1 Cloth black 20 T 0.98 1 20 T 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Glass pane (float glass) non-coated 20 LW 0.97 14 Gold polished 130 T 0.018 1 Gold polished, carefully 200–600 T 0.02–0.03 1 Gold polished, highly 100 T 0.02 2 Granite polished 20 LLW 0.849 8 Granite rough 21 LLW 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Iron and steel rusty, red 20 T 0.69 1 Iron and steel shiny oxide layer, sheet, 20 T 0.82 1 Iron and steel shiny, etched 150 T 0.16 1 Iron and steel wrought, carefully polished 40–250 T 0.28 1 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 SW 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lead oxidized, gray 22 T 0.28 4 Lead shiny 250 T 0.08 1 Lead unoxidized, polished 100 T 0.05 4 100 T 0.93 4 100 T 0.93 1 T 0.75–0.80 1 Lead red Lead red, powder Leather tanned Lime T 0.3–0.4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0.07 4 Magnesium 260 T 0.13 4 538 T 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nickel oxidized at 600°C 200–600 T 0.37–0.48 1 Nickel polished 122 T 0.045 4 Nickel wire 200–1000 T 0.1–0.2 1 1000–1250 T 0.75–0.86 1 Nickel oxide Nickel oxide 500–650 T 0.52–0.59 1 Oil, lubricating 0.025 mm film 20 T 0.27 2 Oil, lubricating 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paper white, 3 different glosses 70 LW 0.88–0.90 9 Paper yellow T 0.72 1 17 SW 0.86 5 Plaster plasterboard, untreated 20 SW 0.90 6 Plaster rough coat 20 T 0.91 2 Plastic glass fibre laminate (printed circ. board) 70 SW 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Slag boiler 600–1200 T 0.76–0.70 1 Soil dry 20 T 0.92 2 Soil saturated with water 20 T 0.95 2 Stainless steel alloy, 8% Ni, 18% Cr 500 T 0.35 1 Stainless steel rolled 700 T 0.45 1 Stainless steel sandblasted 700 T 0.
36 Emissivity tables Table 36.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water frost crystals –10 T 0.98 2 Water ice, covered with heavy frost 0 T 0.98 1 Water ice, smooth 0 T 0.97 1 Water ice, smooth –10 T 0.96 2 Water layer >0.1 mm thick 0–100 T 0.95–0.98 1 Water snow T 0.8 1 Water snow –10 T 0.85 2 Wood 17 SW 0.
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