EX-5r 5GHz Digital Microwave Radio Installation & Management Part Number: 50000007 Date: 2006-05-17
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Legal Notice The information contained herein is the property of Exalt Communications, Inc. (“Exalt”) and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part of this document may be reproduced, in any form, except as authorized by contract or other written permission from the owner. Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management About this Document This manual provides a complete description of the Exalt EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio and related software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the planner, engineer, installer, system administrator, and technician with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, management and maintenance of the device.
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management General Compliance and Safety The usage of radio transmission devices is subject to specific regulatory requirements governed by regional legislation. In most cases, the specific device must be authorized for use in a given country and must be installed and adjusted in accordance with specific radio-frequency settings and in a manner that has been authorized specific to the device itself in accordance with the specific location of the device.
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC regulations.
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Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The antenna associated with this device shall be mounted in a location that is at least 22 feet away from humans that may be subject to long-term or continuous exposure. Safety Notices • • • • • • • • • • • • Review this guide in it’s entirety for important installation instructions BEFORE you attempt to install this product. This product is intended to be installed, used, and maintained by experienced telecommunications personnel only.
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty Exalt Communications, Inc. (“Exalt”) warrants solely to the original purchaser (“Purchaser”) that EX-5r (the “Product”) will substantially conform in all material respects to the relevant Exalt published specifications that apply at the time of manufacture of such Product for two (2) years from the date of tender of Product by Exalt from FOB point designated by Exalt (the “Warranty Period”).
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management in its original container and packing or an equivalent; (3) Write the RMA number CLEARLY on the outside of the shipping box; (4) For services during the Warranty Period, cost of shipment to Exalt’s authorized service center, taxes, duty, tariffs, risk of loss and insurance charges to Exalt shall be borne by the Purchaser.
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Table of Contents Legal Notice..................................................................................................................................... i About this Document ...................................................................................................................... ii Revision History .........................................................................................................................
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 5 – Configuration and Management ................................................................................ 28 5.0 Using the Command Line Interface (CLI).................................................................... 28 5.0.1 Connecting to the Radio with a Telnet Connection .............................................. 28 5.1 Using the CLI............................................................................................
Exalt Communications Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management B-1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 58 B-2 Basic Test...................................................................................................................... 58 B-3 Specification Performance Verification........................................................................ 59 Appendix C – Interface Connections..............................
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 1 – Introduction 1.0 Introduction to Exalt Communications Exalt Communications, Inc. thanks you for your purchase of the EX-5r Digital Microwave Radio. Our goal is to build the highest quality, highest reliability digital microwave radio products for our customers. This commitment to quality and reliability extends to our employees and partners alike.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 1-1: The EX-5r (Integrated Antenna Version) The EX-5r utilizes radio frequencies in the range of 5250 to 5850MHz, in one or both of the following bands: • • 5350 to 5350 MHz 5725 to 5850 MHz In many countries, one or both of these frequency bands are considered as ‘license-exempt’ or ‘unlicensed.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management In almost all cases, either for license-exempt or other designation, the product itself must be authorized for use in your country. Either Exalt or Exalt’s agent must have applied for certification or authorization to allow the sale and deployment of the system within the country. It is also possible that only certain versions or configurations of the device are allowed within a particular country.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management External Antenna (Single or Cross-Polarized) Power/Ethernet Power/Ethernet Lightning Arrestor (grounded) Structure Penetration Power/Ethernet Power Injector 48VDC Figure 1-3: Ethernet Mounting and Cabling - External Antenna Version For highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF cable, and associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio’s RF port.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 2 – Before Installation 2.0 Link Engineering and Site Planning Any terrestrial wireless link should be designed prior to purchase and installation. Generally, professional wireless engineering personnel are engaged to determine the viability and requirements for a well-engineered link that will meet the users’ needs for performance and reliability.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 2.1 Familiarizing Yourself with the EX-5r The EX-5r utilizes time division duplex (TDD) radio transmission. That is, that the transmitted signal in both directions is using the same center frequency and is transmitting in one direction for a period of time, then transmitting in the opposite direction for another period of time.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • Registration card Quick-start guide Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any shipping damage or issues with the contents, Exalt Customer Care should be contacted to address any issues as soon as possible. Register your system as soon as possible. A 2-year Warranty period applies to properly registered products. The Warranty period is reduced to 1-year for unregistered products. 2.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Detailed performance measurements are usually not required for pre-installation, but they can typically be easily performed at this stage and may be helpful for later troubleshooting efforts or for internal records.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • o Directional Flat Panel: 28 dBi (~2-foot square) Maximum transmit power for operation within the 5725-5850 MHz band, with respect to FCC (USA) EIRP regulations, is unlimited.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • Maximum transmit power for operation within the 5725-5850 MHz band, with respect to Industry Canada (IC) EIRP regulations, is unlimited.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The following generalizations can be made with regards to these factors: • • • • • The shorter the TDD Frame Size, the lower the latency The shorter the Link Distance, the lower the latency, the higher the throughput The longer the TDD Frame Size, the higher the throughput The higher the Bandwidth, the higher the capacity The higher the Mode, the higher the capacity If there are no T1/E1 interfaces connected, all T1/E1 ports should be disabled.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 2.5.1 Default Settings It is advised to use the browser-based GUI, or alternatively, the Telnet CLI, to configure the radio terminals for Radio A and Radio B orientation. Since many other parameters also need to be set, and the GUI is needed for these configurations, this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • • • • • 5000007 2006-05-17 IP address = 10.0.0.1 IP mask = 255.0.0.0 IP gateway = 0.0.0.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 3 – System Installation and Initiation Process 3.0 Task Overview The tasks for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the figure below.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 3.1 Record Keeping After installation, it is advised that the following items are recorded for the sake of ongoing maintenance and any future troubleshooting. A record should be kept for each end of the radio link. It is advised to store a copy of these records at the radio location, at the opposite end radio location, and a central record-keeping storage location.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 4 – Installation 4.0 Mechanical Configuration and Mounting The EX-5r is an environmentally sealed unit intended for deployment outdoors. The device must be deployed within an ambient temperature range as specified and with non-restrictive airflow around the chassis. The external antenna version of the EX-5r may alternatively be mounted in an enclosure or indoors, if desired, under the same airflow and temperature conditions.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The pole-mounting bracket is affixed to the pole by using the two band clamp straps that are provided. Thread the band clamp straps through the mounting bracket, wrap around the pole, and thread through the adjustment end. Pull the straps by hand as much as possible, and using a screwdriver, the band clamps should be tightened until the entire assembly is secure.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Detailed pin structures for each connector can be found in Appendix C. 4.1.2 Indicator Overview The following table provides detail of the indicators on the EX-5r.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 4.2.1 Terminating the RF Connector Before applying power, if using the external antenna version, the device’s RF connector(s) must be properly terminated into a 50-ohm load. If this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power. Also, for both the integrated and external antenna versions, there are human safety factors to consider regarding potentially harmful RF radiation.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management investment, as the quality of mains power may have a direct impact on the device operation, performance and/or reliability. Many users will deploy an Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) or other form of battery-backed system, to protect against brown-out and black-out conditions, as well as to condition the power being presented to the adapter.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 1. Remove power from the radio by disconnecting power from the power injector 2. Remove the data connector from the power injector (this is the connector normally connected to your local networking equipment NOT the connector leading up to the radio) 3. Connect the reset connector to the data port on the power injector 4. Apply power to the power injector 5. Wait 1 minute 6. Remove the reset connector 7.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel MTI MTI MTI MTI MTI MTI Proxim Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves Radio Waves RFS RFS RFS RFS RFS RFS RFS RFS RFS QFD2.5-52 QFD4-52 HQF2-52-N HQF4-52-N HQF6-52-N HQFD2-52 HQFD2.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management ! The antenna shall be mounted in a restricted area and in a manner which prevents long-term human exposure to the transmitted RF energy. To comply with FCC and Industry Canada regulations, the minimum safe distance from the antenna for continuous human exposure is 22 feet (6.7m). Warning signage may be required in accordance to federal or local regulations.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 4.3.2 Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio For the external antenna version, most installations use coaxial transmission line for the connection between the antenna and the radio device. In typical EX-5r installations, this coaxial transmission line is very short, and may not require or benefit from RF lightning protection.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management If possible, connect the primary transmission line directly to the antenna. It is desired to have the fewest possible pieces of transmission line in the system, to minimize losses and points of failure from connectors, and the antenna can typically accommodate a direct connection if planned in advance.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management As soon as practical, the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and lightning arrestor should be weatherproofed, but this process should be delayed as long as possible to be certain that all systems are working properly before weatherproofing is applied, as once weatherproofing is applied, you may be required to remove it if any tests or changes are needed before installation is complete.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management connection. In all cases, be certain that the transmission line is not providing any pulling force onto the RF connector of the radio. Transmission lines can be very stiff, and can damage the connector if not dressed properly. Also, follow the transmission line manufacturer’s instructions for proper cable securing devices. 4.4 Antenna Alignment Antennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 5 – Configuration and Management 5.0 Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) The EX-5r utilizes a CLI through a Telnet (Ethernet) connection as a means to set key parameters on the system. 5.0.1 Connecting to the Radio with a Telnet Connection For a Telnet connection to the radio through the Ethernet AUX port, using Windows OS, perform the following steps: • • 5.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Selecting 1 or 2 will reveal the Configuration or Status menus respectively. Selecting 3 will exit from the CLI/Telnet session. For all screens, the following selections can be made: 0 = back to previous screen 9 = help Ctrl+\ (control and backslash keys) = exit session The following table depicts the complete CLI tree structure: 1. Configuration 1. IP address and Mask 2. IP default gateway 3. Administration 1. System time and date 2.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 1. Connect to the browser-based GUI using the default IP address, and change the IP address through the GUI interface, as described in this section. The factory default IP address of the radio is 10.0.0.1 If you do not know the radio’s current IP address, you may perform a radio reset as described in section 4.2.4.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-2: Initiating Browser Connection After pressing the return/enter key on your keyboard, or the Go button on the browser, the following window will appear. Figure 5-3: Browser Login Window 5.2.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-4: 5.3 Radio Information Page Quick-Start At this stage, it may be desirable to apply some basic configurations to the radio terminal so that a link can be established on the bench. Follow the steps in the Quick Start Guide that came with the radio. A summary of the items that need to be configured is listed here. • • Set Radio IP Address at each end.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • Link Distance (System Configuration Page) TDD Frame Size (System Configuration Page) Changing any of these parameters will cause a temporary loss of link. The GUI will warn of this condition and will provide an opportunity to cancel changes. 5.4 Graphical User Interface Fundamentals The browser-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides the primary interface for all configuration and management.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on how you have connected to the radio’s management interface. The terms ‘local’ and ‘remote’ simply refer to the orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address that you are managing.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-7: 5.6 Radio Information Page Administration Settings Page This page allows entry of many general parameters for the radio system. The current entries are listed in one column, and any changes desired may be entered in the New Value column. After all of the desired changes are entered in the New Value column, pressing the UPDATE button will enact these changes. Most of the entries on this page are self-explanatory.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management default setting leaves an opportunity for anyone on the connected network to hack into the radio and change settings. o The system requires that you type the changed password twice, once in the main window and once again in the confirmation window below. If the passwords do not match, and the UPDATE button is pressed, the password will not change, and will remain set to the previous password. Figure 5-8: 5.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • Bandwidth must be set to the designed level. The value of this setting should have been determined in the design/engineering stage. The Bandwidth setting must also match at both ends of the link. The Bandwidth setting directly relates to the capacity, latency and the number of TDM circuits that can be supported.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management to a setting that is less than the actual distance there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management devices (the radio and the connected equipment) are set to auto-negotiate, both hard set to 100/Full, or one set to 100/Full and the other auto-negotiate. Device performance varies widely. Therefore, it can be advantageous to attempt different combinations of settings to determine the best combination for your application. Figure 5-10: Ethernet Interface Configuration Page 5.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management may be enabled/disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio will place an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if/when the link fails or there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Figure 5-11: T1 Configuration Page 5.9.2 E1 Configuration Page The E1 Configuration Page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual E1.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management the secondary file location, you may wish to download these files first before uploading new files. Downloading files is a two-step process. You must first select the type of file to download, select the DOWNLOAD button and wait for the radio to prepare the file for download. A second page/link will appear as shown below. Follow the instructions on the page to download the file.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management subset of parameters rather than every parameter, therefore copying configuration still serves a very useful purpose. The following list of parameters may cause problems or confusion if they match at each of a link.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 5.12 Alarms Page The Alarms Page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both the local and remote radio. Generally, the colors shown on this page will reflect the color of alarms that are shown on the radio front panel. However, additional detail is illustrated on this page to aid in quick assessment of issues and status. Refer to section 4.1.2 for more information about the front panel LEDs.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 5.13 Performance Page The Performance Page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the integrity of the user data and the RF link. The list below provides a brief summary of this information. • • • Current BER indicates the current Bit Error Rate of the link. If the link is operating perfectly, this should indicate zero.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management • • • • Severely Errored Seconds (SES) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of every second where the bit error rate exceeds 1x10-3, over the period since the last counter reset. If SES are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-17: Performance Page 5.14 Event Log Page The Event Log Page is used to review a list of the events that have been logged by the radio. At the present radio firmware release, the following items are listed in the event log. • • • Alarms Alarms clearing (Normal) Radio Reboots Every event is tagged with the time that the event took place and a severity/type for further categorization.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-18: Event Log Page 5.15 Diagnostic Charts Page The Diagnostics Charts Page is used to aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current) performance for three parameters, RSL, BER and Radio Temperature. The horizontal scale illustrates 120 points of time measurement and is synchronized for all three graphs. The scale may be changed from seconds, to minutes, to hours, to days.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Changes in RSL often have an impact to BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for synchronized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this is normally an indication of interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as problems with cables, connectors or antennas) or possibly radio hardware problems.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Figure 5-20: Reboot Page 5.18 Manual Page The Installation & Management manual (this document, or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within the GUI. Click on Manual and the manual will be displayed within the browser window. Your browser must support viewing Adobe pdf files for this function to operate.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Section 6 – Troubleshooting This section provides information regarding troubleshooting of common issues and alarms on the EX-5r. Exalt radio systems have been designed by Exalt’s expert engineers with extensive experience through multiple generations of microwave radio design. As such, these new generation systems contain extensive diagnostic tools, alarm indications and troubleshooting aids.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management If the radio link has been operating without issues, and has exhibited new behavior of poor performance or has become completely inoperative, the troubleshooting process should pay close attention to any conditions that may have changed between the time when the system was working without issue and the time when issues started. Also, it can be helpful to compare some performance parameters of the system before and after the presence of issues.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management at a significantly greater rate than the designed long-term performance. Consult the path design engineer for more information about link reliability expectation and anticipated RSL deviation.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management 6.4 Multipath Propagation Multipath propagation is a term that encompasses changes to the RF path, such as reflections and/or refraction, that can cause partial or complete destruction of the radio signal, and thus excessive bit errors and/or system outages.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management The EX-5r provides considerable flexibility to tune to different frequencies across the band. This is the easiest method to use to try to avoid existing interference. In addition, the occupied bandwidth of the radio may be reduced, and along with re-tuning, this can be very effective, however throughput will be reduced.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management components. In some cases, there may be antenna size restrictions that forced the design to not have the desired amount of link margin. If the link was designed with poor link margin, there will likely be many cases of bit errors and outages. The antenna system and transmission line system, can be upgraded to help reduce this opportunity.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Appendix A – Specifications A-1 Physical Specifications Physical Configuration Dimensions (H x W x D) Weight Operating Temperature Altitude Humidity Single-piece Outdoor Unit (ODU) 12 x 12 x 5 inches; 30.5 x 30.5 x 12.7 cm 11.3 pounds; 5.1 kg -40 to +65 degrees C; -40 to +149 degrees F 15,000 feet; 4.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Emission Designator(s) 8MHz 16MHz 32MHz 64MHz 5250-5350MHz 9M1W7D 18M2W7D 36M1W7D 71M0W7D 5725-5850MHz 9M5W7D 17M4W7D 33M7W7D 65M1W7D A-3 Interfaces RF Connector Impedance T1/E1 (x4) Connector T1 Impedance T1 Line Codes T1 LBO Settings (in ft.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Appendix B – Back-to-back Bench Testing B-1 Introduction Back-to-back bench testing is used to test the radio before installation, pre-configure the radio and connected equipment before installation, or in the troubleshooting process to identify if the radio hardware is the source of a system issue. It is a critical process, and often required or highly desirable for any installation or troubleshooting exercise.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management RF Ports Radio B Attenuation (60-90dB) Radio A Console Port Serial Port Power (connect last) Power (connect last) Figure B-1: Computer Basic Back-to-Back Bench Test Configuration Connect the items as follows: - Connect attenuation and (known-good) RF cable(s) between radio pair, as shown in Figure B-1.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Connect the system as in figure B-1, using the combination of fixed and variable attenuation in between the radio’s RF ports. Connect the voltmeter to either radio’s RSL test point and the associated reference ground connection. In this test, it is highly desirable to utilize RF cables that are pre-tested, known good and the insertion loss is known at the operating frequency.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management You may wish to perform threshold measurement tests for all combinations of bandwidth and mode (modulation) that you are using – especially if testing for the purposes of troubleshooting. It should not be necessary to vary center frequency, as this does not have any appreciable impact on system gain performance – however, any combination of settings may be tried to gain confidence in the radio performance parameters.
Exalt Communications, Inc. EX-5r Installation & Management Appendix C – Interface Connections C-1 Introduction This appendix provides the pin number assignment and wiring information for the connectors on the EX-5r. All connectors are shown as viewed from the radio front panel. C-2 T1/E1 Connections There are two dual-T1/E1 connections. Channels 1 and 2 are on one connector, while channels 3 and 4 are on the other. Channel 1 and 2 are closest to the Power/Ethernet connector near the corner of the unit.
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