User Manual 455U Radio Modem ELPRO Technologies Pty Ltd, 9/12 Billabong Street, Stafford Q 4053, Australia. Tel: +61 7 33524533 Fax: +61 7 33524577 Web: www.elprotech.com Email: sales@elprotech.
Contents Thank you for your selection of the 455U radio modem. We trust it will give you many years of valuable service. ATTENTION! Incorrect termination of supply wires may cause internal damage and will void warranty. To ensure your 455U enjoys a long life, double check ALL your connections with the user’s manual before turning the power on.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual How to Use This Manual To receive the maximum benefit from your 455U product, please read the Introduction, Installation and Operation chapters of this manual thoroughly before putting the 455U to work. Chapter Four Configuration details the configurations available and explains the diverse operation of the product in detail. Chapter Five Specifications details the features of the product and lists the standards to which the product is approved.
Contents CONTENTS WARNING ............................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 7 1.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 UNACKNOWLEGED MODE ...............................................................................................
455U Radio Modem Module 3.7 User Manual WHAT OPERATING MODE TO USE ? .............................................................................. 26 3.7.1 Unacknowledged or Acknowledged mode? ............................................................ 26 3.7.2 Error Check ? ........................................................................................................... 26 3.7.3 Data Encryption Option ...........................................................................................
Chapter One Chapter One Introduction INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The 455U radio modem module has been designed to provide flexible and reliable radio modem functions, at an economical price. Radio modems transmit serial data over a long distance via radio. The serial data is not changed - the output data is the same as the input data. Although the 455U is intended to be simple in its application, it also provides many sophisticated features.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual number of bytes transmitted equals the maximum message length (user configurable - default 1024 bytes). If more than 1024 bytes is input, the 455U unit will transmit the first 1024 bytes, then the next 1024 bytes, and so on until all of the data has been transmitted. Because the radio data rate could be less than the input serial data rate, an input memory buffer of up to 8Kbytes is provided. The RS232 connection provides CTS control to prevent the buffer overflowing.
Chapter One Introduction PLC 455U PLC PLC RS485 455U PLC 455U . 1.3 Acknowledged Mode “Acknowledged mode” provides “point-toHOST point” communications similar to telephone HOST NO DATA modems. In Acknowledged mode, the flow of data is Acknowledged by the 455U units. DATA #3 455U Each 455U unit is configured with an 455U address by the user, and a destination #2 455U #1 address for the data to be transmitted to.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual 1.4 Repeater Units A 455U unit may be used as a repeater to re-transmit radio messages. The purpose of a repeater unit is to extend radio range. Up to six repeaters may be configured for any transmission path. configured by address.
Chapter Two Chapter Two 2.1 Installation INSTALLATION General The 455U module has is housed in a rugged aluminium case suitable for DIN-rail mounting. Terminals will accept wires up to 2.5 mm2 in size. Normal 110-240V AC supply should not be connected to any terminal of the 455U module. Refer to Section 2.3 Power Supply. To operate this equipment legally the user must obtain a radio operating license from the government agency.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual effect than obstructions in the middle of the radio path. For example, a group of trees around the antenna is a large obstruction, and the antenna should be raised above the trees. However if there is at least 100 metres of clear path before a group of trees, the trees will have less affect on the radio path. To help in planning radio systems, ELPRO provides a free utility for estimating path performance.
Chapter Two Installation as “3M 23 tape”, with a final layer of PVC insulating tape. Where antennas are mounted on elevated masts, the masts should be effectively earthed to avoid lightning surges. Although the 455U module is fitted with surge protection, additional surge suppression devices are recommended if lightning surge problems are experienced.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual cable loss for installations with marginal radio path. The Yagi gain also acts on the receiver, so adding Yagi antennas at both ends of a link provides a double improvement. Yagi antennas are directional. That is, they have positive gain to the front of the antenna, but negative gain in other directions.
Chapter Two Installation 2.4.1 RS232 Serial Port The serial port is a 9 pin DB9 female and provides for connection to a host device as well as a PC terminal for configuration, field testing and for factory testing. Communication is via standard RS232 signals. The 455U is configured as DCE equipment with the pinout detailed below. Hardware handshaking using the CTS/RTS lines is provided. The CTS/RTS lines can be configured to reflect the status of the local unit’s input buffer.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual 2.4.2 RS232 Configuration Port The serial port is a 9 pin DB9 female and provides configuration and diagnostics of both the local module and of other modules in the system wile the primary RS232 port is active. This port is wired as a DCE according to EIA-561. The following table describes the connections required to connect to a PC serial port. The highlighted entries in this table are those essential for operation of the Configuration port.
Chapter Two Installation 2.5 Discrete I/O Point The 455U provides a single connection which can be used as a discrete input for alarms, or a discrete output, to control remote equipment, 2.5.1 Using The discrete I/O point as an Input When using the DIO pin as an input, it is activated by connecting the DIO pin to COMMON, This can be done using a voltage free contact (Relay or Switch) or a NPN transistor to common.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Chapter Three 3.1 OPERATION Power-up and Normal Operation When power is initially connected to the 455U module, the module will perform internal diagnostics to check its functions. The following table details the status of the indicating LEDs on the front panel under normal operating conditions.
Chapter Three Operation When the 455U unit detects data in the input buffer, it initiates a radio message. The radio message will end when the number of transmitted bytes reaches the maximum message length (configurable by the user), or if the input buffer becomes empty. If the configured serial data rate is the same or more than the radio data rate, then data is transmitted as soon as it enters the input buffer - data “streams” from the input buffer to the radio port.
455U Radio Modem Module 3.2.3 User Manual Radio Data Rate The data is transmitted by radio as direct modulated synchronous data at 1200, 2400 4800 or 9600 bits/second. The user must configure the radio data rate at each 455U module. The configured radio data rates must be the same for each module in a system. Radio data rate is set via the ATB command. 3.2.
Chapter Three Operation The time for each byte is 1.04msec @9600 bits/sec, 2.08 mSec ant 4800 baud, and 4.16 mSec at 2400 baud.. If error checking is not configured at the receiving unit, data will start to be output approx 1msec after the first data byte has been received. If error checking is configured, data will be output approx 2msec after the end of the message.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual To improve reliability in this mode, Units may be configured to send each message multiple times (S-Register S29) (The receiving unit will detect repeat messages and only send the data out the serial port once). In Unacknowledged mode, messages may be sent to a particular modem (Message is addressed to that modem), or to all modems in the system (Messages is addressed to wildcard address 0). Each modem is configured with a separate unit address.
Chapter Three Operation the wildcard address, and to send repeated messages out their own serial port (AT&R). This allows networks where messages are repeated several times throughout a complex network of modems. 3.5.3 RS-485 Unacknowledged mode The RS-485 serial port on the 455U always operates in unacknowledged mode. This mode is best suited to broadcast-oriented protocols which use RS-485.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Establishing a Communications Link Master Unit Slave Unit • Listen to ensure channel is clear • If clear, message transmit “connect” -----------------> • Receives message • Radio RX LED flashes • Radio TX LED flashes • Check system and destination address • If OK, set DCD LED and output • If message OK, transmit back an ACK message.
Chapter Three Unsuccessful Communications Source Module • Listen to ensure channel is clear • If clear, transmit message • TX LED flashes Operation Destination Module -----------------> • Receives message • RX LED flashes • Check system and destination address • If incorrect, transmit no message and no serial output.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual device is used to “wake-up” the 455U unit. The 455U unit will then operate normally until the DTR signal is reset by the host device. 3.6.3 Single-Connect Acknowledged mode Single-connect is similar to a dial-up modem. In this mode, the module will only make one attempt to connect to a destination address. A host device will issue a connect (ATD) command, and the module will send a connect message to the destination address.
Chapter Three Operation each message. These bytes are used to detect any corruption of the data when it is received at another 455U unit. Error checking is configured using the AT&E command. This allows error checking to be individually selected for the RS232 port and the RS485 port. When a unit receives a radio message with error-check, it will not output data until it has received the whole message and ensured that the error-check is correct.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual and S18 (the number of bytes required to start). The override time is stored in register S19 this value can also be changed by the user. 3.9 Operating Problems Most operating problems relate to an inadequate radio path, or radio interference. Before installing a system, bench test the complete system with the 455U units near each other. This test eliminates the radio path or interference as a factor, and ensures that the system will operate in the way that you want.
Chapter Five Chapter Four Specifications CONFIGURATION 4.1 Before Configuring Configuration comprises selecting parameter values for the operation of the 455U unit. Four pre-set configurations may be achieved using the four DIP switches. These configurations cover most applications - refer section 4.7. Before you start configuration, parameter settings must be decided. The main parameters are:• Addressing - system address, group address, unit address. • Character type.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Each module is also configured with a unit address between 1 and 127 - there can be up to 127 modules in the one Acknowledged mode system. 4.3 Default Configuration The default configuration of the 455U is unacknowledged mode, no error check, no CTS/RTS flow control, serial rate 19200, radio rate 4800, character type 8/n/1. The system address will be set in the factory according to the module serial number.
Chapter Five Specifications Reading and Configuring a module You will need a connection cable between the PC and the 455U. The cable may connect to either the DB9 port or the RJ45 configuration port. Connecting to the RJ45 configuration port allows the modem to be configured while the DB9 port remains connected to the functioning host system. The cable to connect to the DB9 should have straight-through connections as per section 2.4.1 of this manual.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Select a Unit address for the module. Giving each module a unique unit address allows the modules to be accessed over the radio using remote configuration and diagnostics The “Auto Connect” button will normally be selected for unacknowledged mode. This causes the modem to go directly online. Usually the RS232 path will be set to “0” to broadcast to all RS232 ports in the system, and the RS485 path will be set to 128 to broadcast to all RS485 ports in the system.
Chapter Five 4.4.2 Specifications Acknowledged mode If you select any of the Acknowledged mode options, you will be asked to select a unit address for the module. This should be a unique address for that module (0 – 127). Auto-Connect Master In auto-connect mode, the “master” will automatically attempt to connect to the slave address. Once connected, the link can transfer data in either direction, with error-checking, acknowledgement messages, and automatic re-transmissions if necessary.
455U Radio Modem Module 4.4.3 User Manual Other Parameters Radio Data Rate Select the radio data rate which you want to use. Note that modules will only communicate with each other if they have the same radio data rate. If you select a rate which is faster than the serial rate, the 455U will automatically set transmission delay parameters in registers S18 and S19 (refer section 3.8). To disable this, deselect the “PLC Mode” box in the Serial configuration window.
Chapter Five Specifications Serial Port settings The serial port settings should be selected to match the host device. Different port settings may be selected for different modules in the same system. Serial data rate can be selected between 600 and 187,500 baud. If you select a rate which is slower than the radio rate, the 455U configuration software will automatically set transmission delay parameters in registers S18 and S19 (refer section 3.8). To disable this feature, deselect the “PLC Mode” box.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual “Only High When Connected” - the DCD signal will be on when the link is connected and off when the link is reset “Pulse Low on Disconnect” - the DCD signal will be normally on but will switch off momentarily (for 0.5 sec) when the link is reset. Advanced Settings These settings may be adjusted if the host device is using AT commands - refer to Appendix A for an explanation of the different parameters.
Chapter Five Specifications 4.5 Hayes Commands The 455U unit may be configured by a host device using Hayes AT commands. Configuration may be done “off-line” by a user (with a PC terminal as the host device) or it can be done automatically “on-line” by a host device such as PLC or SCADA. The AT commands are ASCII messages designed for use with conventional telephone modems. Before a 455U unit will accept Hayes commands, it must be in “command” mode.
455U Radio Modem Module 4.6 User Manual Switch Configuration Factory default configuration may be restored to the modem by setting the DIL switch on the end plate to “Default” setting. This will not change the configuration settings in non-volatile memory, but will set the volatile configuration to factory default settings. This is equivalent to entering the command “AT&F” to the modem. To restore Factory defaults, perform the following 1. Set the switch to “Default” (down) position 2.
Chapter Five 4.7 Specifications Configuration Examples Typical Applications The following section describes some typical applications and the configuration of the modems involved. 4.7.1 Data Logger Network with Central Computer In this application, the computer connects to each logger on a regular basis, and uploads information from the logger. The logger protocol does not support error checking, and the PC application software is designed to work with telephone modems.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual AT&L1 – Go directly online at startup AT&U1 - Set Modem’s address to 1 AT&Z0=0,0 - Set all messages to go to the wildcard address, and repeat once 4.7.2.2 Slave Repeater stations address 2 and 3 AT&M0 - Configure mode 0 – Unacknowledged mode. AT&L1 – Go directly online at startup AT&U2 (or &U3)- Set Modem’s address to 2(or 3) AT&Z0=1 - Set all messages to go directly to master station, address 1.
Chapter Five Specifications AT&M4 – Configure Modbus specific mode – master AT&U99 - Set unit address to 99 AT&P0=11-14:1 - To communicate to modbus addresses 11-14, transmit the message directly to modems 1 through 4 respectively. AT&P4=25-26:3,5 - Communicate to modbus address 25 and 26, transmit to station 5 via station 3 and to station 6 via station 3 respectively. AT&P6=27:3,6,7 - Communicate to modbus address 27 via stations 3,6, and 7. 4.6.2.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual AT&M8 - Configure DNP3 protocol mode AT&U3 - Set station address to 3. AT&P0=1001-1002:1 - To talk to 1001 or 1002, communicate via station 1 or station 2 respectively AT&P2=1004:4 - To talk to 1004, go directly to station 4 AT&P3=1005:4,5 - To talk to 1005, go via station 4 then 5 4.6.3.3 Station 4 configuration AT&M8 - Configure DNP3 protocol mode AT&U4 - Set station address to 4.
Chapter Five Specifications Chapter Five SPECIFICATIONS General EMC specification EN 300 279 89/336/EEC Radio specification EN-300-219/1 360 – 520 MHz, 5W Housing 130 x 145 x 40mm DIN rail mount Powder-coated, extruded aluminium or plastic Terminal blocks Removable Suitable for 2.
455U Radio Modem Module Expected line-of-sight range User Manual 30 km @ 19200 baud (25Khz) 35 km @ 9600 baud (12.5Khz) Range may be extended by up to 6 intermediate modules as repeaters, in Acknowledged mode 60 km @ 4800 baud Antenna Connector Female SMA coaxial Serial Ports RS232 Port DB9 female DCE RTS/CTS/DTR/DCD hardware signals provided RS485 Port 2 pin terminal block Maximum distance 1.
Chapter Six Troubleshooting Chapter Six TROUBLESHOOTING 6.
5U Radio Modem Module User Manual 6.2 6.2.1 Test Functions Radio Testing - AT&Tx To aid in the checking and setup of the 455U unit, diagnostic functions are provided using the standard Hayes AT commands. To perform the tests, you will need a terminal (PC + hyperterminal) set-up to match the module (same character type and serial speed). The table below outlines the functions of the various tests: AT&T Radio Self Tests. Allows in-field diagnostics, and factory testing. &T0 Stop Tone Reversals.
Chapter Six 6.2.2 Troubleshooting Bit Error Rate Test (BER) BER may be tested by typing AT#B (BER master) The sending unit will repeatedly send pseudo-random frames, and the receiving unit will check these frames for errors. The receiving unit returns a response message indicating how many (if any) errors were found. The test results are displayed on the sending unit. An example of the sending unit’s display is here.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Chapter Seven WARRANTY & SERVICE We are pleased that you have purchased this product. ELPRO products are warranted to be free from manufacturing defects for a period of 12 months from the effective date of purchase by the end user. The effective date of purchase is decided solely by ELPRO Technologies.
Appendix A Hayes Commands Appendix A Hayes Commands The following details all of the Hayes commands supported by the 455U. Default settings are shown by a “dot”, • Command Function ATA Answer Incoming Call – The modem can also be set to answer incoming calls immediately or after a certain number of attempts. (See S-Register S0) ATB Set Radio Baud Rate – Radio Baud rates are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19200 baud. Some baud rates may not be possible for some country codes.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual command has a different effect depending on whether it is issued from the RS232 main serial port (connects to the remote modem’s serial ports) or from the Diagnostic serial port (Connects to the remote modems diagnostic functions). ATE Local Echo Control. Enable/Disable Command Echo. E0 Disable Local Echo E1• Enable Local Echo ATH Hang up/Hook control. End a call, or disable incoming calls.
Appendix A Hayes Commands connection speed. X0• Basic response codes only X1 X0 + Connection Baud rate codes (CONNECT 19200, CONNECT 57600) X2 X1 + BUSY Message X3 X2 + RINGING Message ATZ Reset the modem, and re-load the configuration stored in non-volatile memory.
455U Radio Modem Module AT&Axx RS-485 Serial port Character Type (Data bits, Stop bits, Parity) 0• 8 data, No parity, 1 Stop Bit 1 8 data, No parity, 2 Stop Bits 2 7 Data Bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit 3 7 Data Bits, Odd Parity, 1 Stop bit 4 8 Data Bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit 5 8 Data Bits, Odd Parity, 1 Stop bit AT&Bxx RS-232 Serial port Character Type 0• 8 data, No parity, 1 Stop Bit 1 8 data, No parity, 2 Stop Bits 2 7 Data Bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit 3 7 Data Bits, Odd Parity,
Appendix A Hayes Commands Switch. AT&K RS-232 Serial port Flow Control Configuration. Flow control options are: none, CTS/RTS and XON/XOFF. In Acknowledged mode, flow control passes across the modem link, as the local buffers become full, then back to the remote host device as the remote modem’s buffers become full. No Flow control is provided on the RS-485 port. &K0• Flow Control Disabled. CTS Always high. Modem ignores RTS. &K1 CTS/RTS Flow Control.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual In this mode, Messages on the RS-485 port are sent the the address configured in register &Z1. Messages on the RS-232 port are sent to the address dialled from the command line, or configured in the auto-dial register &Z0. &M1 Acknowledged mode. This mode simulates telephone modems, with a single connection being made to a remote modem in the system, and each message is acknowledged before more data is sent.
Appendix A Hayes Commands depending on whether the message destination address is greater than 127). &R3 AT&T Do both of R2 and R3. (Send A copy of repeated messages out the serial port AND repeate messages to the wildcard address). Self Tests. Allows in-field diagnostics, and factory testing. Tests time out after the period configured in S-Register S8 (if not zero). &T0 Stop Tone reversals (See T1 to T4 below).
455U Radio Modem Module \FR xxx.xxxx AT\C User Manual Set Receive Frequency xxx.xxxx MHz – Returns ERROR if outside radio range. Radio Frequency Increment (Can only be set when #R Password entered) \C5 Set Radio frequency increment to 5.00 kHz. \C6 Set Radio frequency increment to 6.25 kHz. AT\N Radio Bandwidth (Can only be set when #R Password entered) \N1 Set Radio to 2400 HZ bandwidth. \N0 Set Radio to 4800 HZ bandwidth. AT\P Radio Power (Can only be set when #R Password entered) \P0 Se
Appendix A Hayes Commands AT\T Inactivity Timeout – Units Seconds. Value 0-255. 0 = Disable. If there is no activity within this time, the modem drops the connection. See also S Register S6. ATA Answer Incoming Call – The modem can also be set to answer incoming calls immediately or after a certain number of attempts. (See S-Register S0) Set Radio Baud Rate – Radio Baud rates are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19200 baud. Some baud rates may not be possible for some countries.
455U Radio Modem Module R3 R4• R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 ATSn? ATSn=xx ATV V0 V1• ATX X0• X1 X2 X3 ATZ AT#A #A0• #A1 AT#E #E0• #E1 #E2 AT#S AT&A &A0• &A1 &A2 &Α3 &Α4 &A5 AT&Bxx &B0• &B1 &B2 &Β3 &Β4 &B5 Page 58 User Manual Set 4800 baud Set 9600 baud Set 14,400 baud Set 19,200 baud Set 28,800 baud Set 31,250 baud Set 38,400 baud Set 57,600 baud Set 76,800 baud Set 93,750 baud (For Profibus) Set 115,200 baud Set 187,500 baud (For Profibus) Read value from S-Register n Set value of S-Register n to
Appendix A AT&C &C0 &C1• &C2 AT&D &D0• &D1 &D2 &D3 AT&E &E0• &E1 AT&F AT&H Hayes Commands Data Carrier Detect (DCD) Control. DCD is always on in Unacknowledged mode. DCD Always on. DCD High when connected (Acknowledged Mode). Low otherwise. DCD Always on, Pulses low on Disconnect (Acknowledged Mode). Data Terminal Ready (DTR) Behaviour. The host controls DTR. This command controls how the modem reacts to the state of DTR. Modem ignores DTR, and acts as if it is asserted.
455U Radio Modem Module &L1 &L2 AT&M &M0• &M1 &M2 &M3 etc AT&N &N0 &N1• AT&P User Manual Leased Line mode. For Acknowledged mode, The modem automatically dials the number stored in Z0, ATA answers an incoming call. For Unacknowledged modes, the modem automatically goes online, and sends messages to the modem configured in Z0. Leased Line Answer mode. The modem continuously attempts to answer any incoming call. Use DTR with the AT&D command to control the connection.
Appendix A AT&R &R0• &R1 &R2 Hayes Commands on the modem’s operating mode Repeater Functionality– Enable or disable repeating of messages to the wildcard addresses 0 and 128, and enable or disable sending messages to serial port. (Also see AT&H command) Don’t repeat messages to the “Wildcard” address (0), and don’t copy repeated messages out the local serial port..
455U Radio Modem Module \K0 Purge Buffers & send break \K1 \K2 As for \K0 Send Break ahead of buffered data. As for \K2 Queue Break behind buffered data. As for \K4 \K3 \K4 \K5 AT\S AT\T Page 62 User Manual Enter command state & purge buffers. Don’t send Break. Purge Buffers and send break As for \K0 Purge buffers and send break to host. Send break ahead of buffered data. As for \K0 As for \K0 Transfer break to host ahead of buffered data. As for \K2 Queue Break behind buffered data.
Appendix A Hayes Commands Appendix B Response Codes Response codes display the status of the module in response to user commands. The response code displayed depends on the ATV setting, the ATX setting and the ATQ setting. ATV0 selects numeric response codes. ATV1 selects verbal response codes. The ATXn command selects extended response codes. ATQ0 disables all response messages. ATQ1 enables response messages. The following table describes the messages.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual Appendix C S-Registers The following table lists the S-Registers supported by the 455U modem. No. Range Function Comment S0 0-255 Attempts before Answering Call Should normally be set to 1. 0 disables auto answering of calls (ATA command to answer calls only). S1 3-255 Escape Sequence Guard Time Units 20 milliseconds. Min. Delay before and after entering the escape sequence (“+++”) also Max. Delay between characters of the escape sequence.
Appendix A Hayes Commands S12 = 7 Character received from host while attempting to connect S12 = 8 Hang-up from remote modem. S13 0-255 Spare Function Not Implemented S14 0-255 Max Packet (0–1020 bytes) Max Packet size = S14 x 4. Default 255. S15 0-255 Break Length Minimum time to send “BREAK” signal. Units 20 milliseconds. S16 0-255 Transmit Hold-off (0-12.75 Sec) How long to disable transmitting after transmitting a message (Units 50 milliseconds) S17 0-255 Receive Hold-off (0-12.
455U Radio Modem Module User Manual S25 0-255 System Address –Low Byte The 16-bit system address uniquely identifies the radio network S26 0-255 Lead-In Tone Time This selects the Lead-In tone period – units 4 mSec. The default (10) should not normally be changed.