Operation Manual

ManualsBrandsElbit Systems Land and C4I - Tadiran ManualsElectronicsLicensed Non-Broadcast Station Transmitter

OM-E 2072-09287-00

OPERATOR MANUAL

FOR

Micom Pathfinder

5 - 25 Watt HF-SSB

Manpack Transceiver

Revision D

JANUARY 2011

Summary of content (128 pages)

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OM-E 2072-09287-00 OPERATOR MANUAL FOR Micom Pathfinder 5 - 25 Watt HF-SSB Manpack Transceiver Revision D JANUARY 2011
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES The following notations are used to place special emphasis on procedures, or to call attention to precautionary measures. WARNING An operating procedure, practice and so forth, which if not followed correctly, could result in personal injury, or loss of life. CAUTION An operating procedure, practice and so forth, which if not followed correctly, could result in damage to, or destruction of equipment.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 FEDERAL COMMUNICATION COMMISSION REGULATIONS The FCC has established limits for safe exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from mobile two-way radios. The FCC requires manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with RF exposure limits before mobile two-way radios can be marketed in the U.S. When two-way radios are approved for occupational/controlled environment exposure limits, the FCC requires users to be fully aware of, and exercise control over, their exposure.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-1. 1-2. 1-3. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 1-1 PURPOSE AND USE .................................................................................................... 1-1 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................ 1-2 1-3.1 1-3.2 1-3.3 1-3.4 1-3.5 1-3.6 1-3.7 1-3.8 1-3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page 3-12. USING AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE)................................................. 3-29 3-12.1 3-12.2 3-12.3 3-12.4 3-13. USING THE VOCODER.............................................................................................. 3-58 3-13.1 3-13.2 3-13.3 3-14. Enabling the ALE Mode......................................................................................... 3-29 ALE Mode Options ...........................................
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page C-3. SOUNDING ...................................................................................................................C-1 C-3.1 C-3.2 C-4. C-5. C-6. LQA MEMORY ..............................................................................................................C-3 BIDIRECTIONAL HANDSHAKE....................................................................................C-3 SELECTIVE CALLING ...........................................
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1-1. Figure 1-2. Figure 1-3. Figure 1-4. Figure 1-5. Figure 1-6. Figure 1-7. Figure 2-1. Figure 2-2. Figure 2-3. Figure 2-4. Figure 2-5. Figure 2-6. Micom Pathfinder, General View ................................................................................................. 1-1 Micom Pathfinder Receiver/Transmitter......................................................................................
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1-1. Table 1-2. Table 1-3. Table 1-4. Available Options.......................................................................................................................... 1-2 Accessories................................................................................................................................... 1-3 DATA Connector, Pin Functions..................................................................................................
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Intentionally Left Blank viii
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-1. SCOPE This manual provides instructions regarding the installation and operator maintenance of the Micom Pathfinder, a portable high-frequency (HF) single sideband (SSB) manpack radio set. The manual is organized as follows: Chapter 1 General Description: provides a general description of the Micom Pathfinder and its main components, and presents the main technical characteristics.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 The Micom Pathfinder capabilities provide reliable long-range HF-SSB radio communications in a rugged yet lightweight manpack configuration. Designed to meet the needs of users who carry out on-foot operations in remote areas, it is built to withstand years of shock and vibration as well as severe weather conditions. Micom Pathfinder is certified for dependability and durability, and complies with the applicable sections of MIL-STD-810F and MIL-STD-810E.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Table 1-2. Accessories Option Mfg. Cat. No. Description FRN8580 2072-48016-20 Spare carrying harness FRN8577 2072-09173-10 Spare Lithium-Ion battery FAD5530 2089-09315-00 Spare portable collapsible whip antenna FAA5516 2072-09112-00 2-30 MHz, 125W P.E.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 The Micom Pathfinder has an intelligent, user-friendly man-machine interface that enables easy operation. The display provides feedback to the operator and shows extensive information concerning system status (e.g., mode of operation, link status, call progress indications, low battery condition, etc.), as well as the GPS data (when this option is used). Support for multiple languages is also available. 1-3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 1-3.5 FAA5548 (AT-1743) Portable Dipole Antenna The optional FAA5548 dipole antenna, described in Appendix B, is a lightweight portable antenna for the frequency range of 2 to 30 MHz. This antenna is recommended for use during static operation, when long communication ranges are required: when using a properly selected operating frequency, FAA5548 provides continuous coverage for communication ranges of up to 1,000 kilometers.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 1-3.9 16 Ah Lithium-Ion Battery, FRN8577 FRN8577 is a rechargeable Lithium-Ion battery that Radio provides a 14.4 V nominal voltage, and a nominal Connector capacity of 16 ampere-hours. The battery has a plastic outer case with safety vent. The battery has two connectors, one for powering the transceiver, Charge and the other for charging. Internal electronic Connector circuits protect against short-circuits, undervoltage, Figure 1-6.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 1-4. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS General Model M95AMN0KV5-K+G873 Transmit Frequency Range 1.6 to 30 MHz Receive Frequency Range 0.1 to 30 MHz (0.1 to 1.6 MHz reduced performance) RF Impedance • DIPOLE connector: 50 Ω • WHIP connector: internal automatic tuner for whip antenna 200 simplex or half duplex, user programmable Number of Channels Scanning ALE • 5 groups with up to 100 channels per group, including 1 guard channel. • Programmable scan rate: 1 to 5 sec.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Battery Type Lithium-Ion, rechargeable Capacity 16 Ah Nominal Voltage 14.4 V Minimum Voltage 10.0 V Maximum Continuous Current 13 A Operating Temperature Range -30 to +50°C/-22 to +122ºF Charging Temperature Range 0 to +50°C/32 to +122ºF Dimensions (H × W × L) 78.5 × 72.6 × 187.5 mm (3.09 × 2.86 × 7.38 inch) Weight 1.8 kg Temperature Range Operating -30 to +60°C/-22 to +140ºF Storage -40 to +85°C/-40 to +185ºF Humidity Max.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Connectors Table 1-3. DATA Connector, Pin Functions Pin Description 1 Not connected 2 Serial control communication transmit output (to RADIO connector) 3 Serial control communication receive input (to RADIO connector) 4 Not connected 5 Ground line 6 Serial data communication transmit output (to RADIO and MODEM connectors) 7 Serial data communication receive input (to RADIO and MODEM connectors) Table 1-4.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Intentionally Left Blank 1-10
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 2-1. SCOPE This Chapter provides installation instructions for Micom Pathfinder. WARNING Lithium-Ion batteries, FRN8577, contain dangerous chemicals. Handle and dispose of Lithium-Ion batteries according to the prescribed safety regulations. In particular, observe the following precautions: 1. Do not short-circuit Lithium-Ion batteries, FRN8577. 2. Do not damage battery case and do not tamper with battery in any way. 3. Do not expose to heat or flame. 4.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2-3. MICOM PATHFINDER ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE The assembly of a Micom Pathfinder radio set and its preparation for operation includes the following steps: • Installation of Micom battery • Installation in carrying harness • Installation of antenna and audio accessories • Wearing the carrying harness. 2-3.1 Installation of Battery 1. Check that the volume/power control of the Micom Pathfinder is set to the fully counter-clockwise detent position, OFF. 2.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2-3.2 2-3.2.1 Installation in Carrying Harness Familiarization with Carrying Harness Figure 2-2 shows a general front view of the closed carrying harness. The harness can be weared on the operator’s back, or placed on the ground, using the rear support to hold it in a vertical position.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Front Flap in Open Position Cable Storage Pocket Passthrough Slots for Cables Top Transceiver Restraining Straps Internal Storage Pockets Restrainer Spare Battery Compartment Transceiver Restraining Side Straps (4 places) Figure 2-3. Carrying Harness with Front Flaps Raised 2-3.2.2 Installation Procedure 1. Place the carrying harness on a clean, level surface. 2. Release the four straps (two on each side). 3. Unzip the front flap, and then raise the flap as shown in Figure 2-4. 4.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2. Insert Transceiver Front Flap in Open Position 1. Open Top and Side Transceiver Restraining Straps (6 places) Insert Spare Battery in Storage Compartment Figure 2-4. Installing Transceiver in Carrying Harness 7. Fasten the four transceiver restraining straps to secure the transceiver behind the restrainer plate. 8. Pass each top transceiver restraining strap over the corresponding transceiver handle, and fasten the straps.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Top Restraining Straps (2 places) Figure 2-5. Detail of Transceiver in its Carrying Harness 2-3.2.3 Installation of Optional AD-1000P and GPS Antenna AT-1000 1. If the optional GPS receiver will be in use, insert the GPS support strap in the top loop of the optional AD-1000P, and slide the AD-1000P in place. 2. Insert the other end of the AD-1000P in a suitable slot, as shown in Figure 2-6, and then secure the AD-1000P by fastening the strap.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 1. Insert the threaded stud of the AT-1000 in the AD-1000P hole. AT-1000 2. Turn the captive nut of the AD-1000P clockwise to fasten the AT-1000 to the adapter. Captive Locking Nut 3. Remove the cover from the GPS connector of the Micom. 4. Connect the TNC connector of the CG-5602 cable to the AT-1000 connector, and tighten the connector. AD-1000P Turn Clockwise to Fasten Antenna 5. Plug the connector at the other CG-5602 end into the Micom GPS connector. 2-3.2.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To install the antenna: 1. Remove cover from the WHIP connector on the Micom front panel. 2. Visually check the connector for dirt or damage. Clean if necessary. 3. Screw antenna support AB-591 into the Micom WHIP connector. Tighten by hand only. 4. Extend the whip, and secure all sections by inserting them one into the other by hand. 5. Screw whip antenna sections into antenna support, AB-591.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CHAPTER 3 OPERATING PROCEDURES 3-1. SCOPE This Chapter describes the Micom Pathfinder controls, indicators and connectors, and explains its specific operating procedures. The Chapter is organized as follows: • information needed to familiarize with the equipment panels – para. 3-2 • procedures for using the Micom Pathfinder keypad and display to perform any desired task – para. 3-3, and para. 3-10, 3-11 • how to start using a radio ready for operation (i.e.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Figure 3-2 identifies the connectors located on the Micom rear side. The rear side includes a two-pin connector, for connecting the power, and a 44-pin connector. The 44-pin connector is normally covered by the battery, and therefore it is not available for use in manpacks. Battery Connector ACCESSORY Connector Figure 3-2.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-3. FAMILIARIZATION WITH MICOM OPERATING PROCEDURES This section provides general procedures that will help you start using your radio and get the most of its advanced features. Most of the activities that can be performed by you (selection of operating mode, programming, testing, etc.) are done using the keypad together with the navigation and function keys, and the front panel display.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-3.1.2 Mode and Function Indications The following indications may appear in the work area of the LCD display, to indicate the selected mode or functions that are active.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 When entering frequencies, use the * key as a decimal point, if needed. In the ALE mode, the key is also used to enter the wild-card character (? or @). * To enter the ampersand @ symbol, press the # key twice. Example: To enter a number in a field, or edit (change) the number, you type the desired digits on the keypad.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-3.1.8 Selection from List of Predetermined Values When the parameter you want to select can assume only one of several predetermined values, you select the desired value by pressing the function keys: 1 PROG ADT - 9 SEC <-- • F1 enters the lowest possible value (or OFF) --> • F4 enters the highest possible value 10 • F2 and F3 increment or decrement the value. When you reach either end, the corresponding key disappears.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 When you press < − >, > the key functions change: HOME (F1) Scrolls to display the first character of the string. −−> (F3) Scroll one character to the left or right, respectively. If you press either key continuously, the scrolling continues at a rate of four characters per second. END (F4) Scrolls to display the last character of the string.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-4. MENU STRUCTURE The menu is used to select and control what you want your radio to do. 3-4.1 Displaying the Main Menu To display the menu: 1. Press MENU to display the first part of the Menu screen. You can press the MENU key at any time during any sequence of operations: that sequence is then discontinued and the menu screen is immediately displayed. MENU CHAN FREQ I ALE BIT NOTE The menu structure depends on the operating mode selected by the user.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-4.2 What you can Select on the Main Menu Main Menu CHAN 1 2 3 4 More FREQ LOCK BIT SMPX DPLX RXO TXO More FULL CHAN L.RF PROG PSW LOCK PSW PSW OLD DIM LEVEL 0123 SPKR ON OFF RAD ALE (PROG) = YES ALE NET ALE (PROG) = NO or ENTER NO SCAN STOP SLOW FAST GRP ALE LANG A B C D VCD ENGLISH FRENCH ESPA OPTION Figure 3-3. Main Menu Use the following description with Figure 3-3, which shows the details of the main menu. Menu item ...
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-5. GETTING STARTED This section provides basic operating instructions: it covers issues such as turning the radio on and off, preparing it for operation in your particular environment, receiving and transmitting, selecting a channel or a frequency, etc. NOTES • The information needed to use Micom in the ALE mode appears in para. 3-12. • The information needed to use the Micom GPS receiver appears in para. 3-9. You can use these instructions to start using your Micom radio.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To turn the radio off: Turn the ON/OFF/VOLUME knob counterclockwise beyond the detent. You may hear a click as the radio is turned off. The display turns blank. 3-5.2 Preparation for Operation 3-5.2.1 Antenna Type Selection After turning the Micom Pathfinder on, it is necessary to check the antenna type, and change it as necessary. Use the following procedure to select the antenna type: 1.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-5.2.3 Radio Filter Bandwidth and Service Type The radio filter bandwidth must be selected in accordance with the type of signal to be transmitted and received. For the transmit mode, the type of signal is identified by detecting the active PTT signal, which is one of the following: • MIC PTT – PTT from the microphone connected to the front panel AUDIO connector; transmits your voice.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-5.3 Transmitting and Receiving CAUTION Do not transmit with radio on your back. Place radio on ground before starting transmit/receive communication, and connect it to the grounding spike in accordance with Chapter 2. To transmit a voice message: Press and hold down the Push-to-Talk (PTT) button of the microphone, and speak slowly and clearly after the channel is clear. You should hear a sidetone, which verifies that your radio transmits normally.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-6. USING THE CHANNEL MODE The Channel mode is used to operate on a channel already programmed in the Micom. The following sections describe how to use the Channel mode. 3-6.1 Channel Mode Options In the Channel mode, you can operate a variety of functions and options which can help eliminate noise, or otherwise assist reception and/or transmission. The structure of the CHAN menu is shown in Figure 3-4. CH 6 F 16,000.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Option Description BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB). SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation. DSP Accesses the Digital Signal Processing menu, which includes the following options: • CLAR Controls the clarifier (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels. • NF Controls the notch filter (off/lower frequency/higher frequency).
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To enter the Channel mode: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT CH 2. Press CHAN. 1 The last active channel flashes in the display. 3. Press ENTER to confirm your choice, or select another channel as explained in para. 3-6.3. CH 6 F 16,000.00 BAND I IATU SQ USB DSP 3-6.3 Choosing a Different Channel To choose a channel: 1. Press MENU to display the menu screen, and press CHAN.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-7. USING THE FREQUENCY MODE The Frequency mode enables you to select freely the receive and transmit frequencies. You can select the operating frequency type, change the frequency being used, and operate a variety of functions and options to assist transmission and reception. You can also store the frequency in a channel of your choice. There are four types of operating frequencies: • SMPX (Simplex Frequency): the same frequency is used for both transmission and reception.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 The following table presents a concise description of the options available in the Frequency mode. Option T/R Description Selects the transmit and receive frequencies and frequency type. For a Micom with the internal vocoder option, this position displays PVT, DGTL, or CLR. Pressing F1 then toggles the operating mode of the vocoder. BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB). SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-7.2 Selecting the Operating Frequency in the FREQ Mode To enter the frequency mode: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT 2. Press FREQ (F2). The last used frequency blinks, and the frequency type is displayed in the top line. SMPX F 14,000.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3. If you are using the SMPX, RXO or TXO frequency type, and you wish to use the displayed frequency, press ENTER. or Enter a new frequency. There are two ways to change the frequency. Method A: • Press LEFT/RIGHT to move the cursor to the digit in the frequency value that you want to change. The blinking digit indicates the cursor location. • Press UP/DOWN to scroll to the value of your choice. Method B: • Type the frequency on the keypad.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-7.2.1 VFO Operation VFO (Variable Frequency Offset) is a feature available in the Simplex mode, that enables you to operate the transceiver simultaneously on two different channels, designated A and B. • Using the A/B function, you can “freeze” the frequency of channel A, switch to channel B and then return to channel A again. • Using the A=B option, you can copy the frequency of the current channel to another channel. To operate the VFO function: 1.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-7.3 Storing Frequencies You can store specific frequencies and frequency parameters in channels which you have programmed. To store a frequency in a channel: 1. If you are not in the Frequency mode, press MENU to display the Menu screen. 2. Press FREQ. The last used frequency blinks, and the frequency type is displayed in the top line. 3. If you wish to use the displayed frequency and frequency type, press ENTER.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-8. USING THE SCAN MODE The Scan mode is available only when ALE is turned off by selecting NONE on MENU > PROG > RAD > OPTS > ALE. In the Scan mode, Micom scans preprogrammed channels. In addition, when a guard channel is selected, it is monitored after every other scanned channel. The channels used in the Scan mode are organized in groups (you can use the Scan function only after at least one group has been downloaded by means of the MRC).
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-9. USING THE GPS RECEIVER (OPTIONAL) 3-9.1 Overview of GPS Receiver Functions The GPS receiver is an integral part of the Micom transceiver, and can be used whenever the GPS antenna supplied together with the Micom transceiver is properly connected and installed. The GPS receiver provides accurate time and navigation data. The navigation data includes the geographical coordinates (position data) and the altitude.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CH Mode More More More More FREQ Mode Existing Menu in Figure 3-5 Existing Menu in Figure 3-4 GPS ECEF Format LLA Format X Y Z More DX DY DZ FULL VERT DHOR HOR More TIME DEV FRMT More TIME FULL DEV FRMT Figure 3-6. GPS Menu The menu structure depends on the display format, ECEF or LLA, selected by the FMT item. You can also press the UP or DOWN panel key to toggle the display format. a.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-9.3.2 First-Time Operation The internal GPS receiver is always powered when the transceiver is turned on. Therefore, if the GPS antenna is connected and you are in a good place with a clear view of the sky, the GPS receiver can start the satellite acquisition process as soon as the transceiver is turned on, and can then track the satellites continuously.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-10. LOCKING/UNLOCKING THE RADIO You can use the Lock mode to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the programming and frequency modes. To enter the Lock mode, you need to provide a password which consists of six digits. See para. 3-11 for instructions on configuring the desired password. To lock the radio: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT MENU LOCK PROG 2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen. I PSW DIM LOCK PSW:_ 3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-11. CHANGING THE PASSWORD To be able to lock the radio, it is necessary to use a password. For security reasons, you may want to change the password often. The factory-default password is 123456. To change the password: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT MENU LOCK PROG 2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen. I PSW DIM 3. Press PSW. 4. Enter the old password, using the keypad.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-12. USING AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE) The Micom unit supports the Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) function, a method that enables automatically selecting the best working channel from a group of preprogrammed channels without any user intervention, thereby facilitating communication among HF radio stations and improving the communications quality and reliability.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2. Press ALE. ALE NET 7 ALE NET 1 The last active net flashes in the display. 3. To use the displayed net, press ENTER. To select another net: • Press the UP/DOWN keys until you reach the required number. or • Type the desired net number or the keypad. The new net number blinks, indicating that the selection has not yet been confirmed. 4. Press ENTER to confirm your choice.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-12.3 Receiving and Transmitting Calls in ALE Mode The Micom supports the following types of ALE calls: • Individual call – call directed to a specific station. • Net call – call directed to a net (a net is a preprogrammed group of stations). • Group call – call directed to a group of stations. • AllCall – call directed to all other stations simultaneously (broadcast call); can also be used as a distress call.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Receiving a net call: FROM NET CALL When your radio receives a net call (i.e., a call addressed to all the stations in your net), the display flashes a net call alert that alternates the words NET CALL with the calling station name. FROM ABC Receiving an AllCall: NOTE You can program your radio to ignore incoming AllCalls. If the radio is set to ignore incoming AllCalls, it stops scanning when an AllCall is received but it does not display, nor lets you hear the call.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE When an AllCall is received, no link is actually established but you can hear the calling station. If the received call includes a message, an exclamation mark precedes the station name, and the name is followed by a colon and the message. If the calling station name and message are too long and do not fit in the display, press < − > to enter the View mode, where you can scroll right and left to display the whole message. To display LQA for the received call: Press LQA.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Cont’d Description Option BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB). The sideband change takes places only after the current call is ended. SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation. DSP Accesses the Digital Signal Processing menu, which includes the following options: • CLAR Enables to control the clarifier (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To replace the channel: 1. Press MORE to scroll to the second link state menu. LINK REPLACE RPL BAND SQ DSP 2. Press RPL to replace the channel in use. 3. The radio disconnects the link, replaces the channel being used, and initiates the call once again. NOTE Even if a message was transmitted when the original link was initiated, the new link will be initiated without the message. 3-12.3.2.3 Using the Caller Stack The caller stack stores information about unanswered calls.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To remove an address from the stack: The radio automatically removes an address from the stack in the following cases: • When the operator calls a station registered in the caller stack, all stack calls containing that address are erased from the stack, regardless of whether the call was returned from within the stack or during an individual call. • The stack can contain up to ten addresses.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-12.3.4.1 Selecting the Desired Net To select a net: ALE NET# 7 1. Press MENU and select ALE. The radio displays current active net number, flashing. 2. To change the currently used net, press the UP/DOWN keys, or enter the net number on the keypad, and then press ENTER. 3-12.3.4.2 ALE NET 1 IATU MON CALL 1 LQA USB MON Calls to an Individual Station To transmit an individual call with MultiNet OFF: 1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent (the channel may change, if the called station does not answer on the first channel(s)). NOTE While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to abort the entire process. 5. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you may press the PTT and start talking.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To transmit on a specific channel: 1. Initiate a call as explained above (page 3-36 or 3-38) and select the desired station. 2. Press CHAN to select a specific channel. The channel with the best LQA score is displayed. The speaker is unmuted to enable you to check the channel quality by listening to it.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-12.3.4.3 Quick Call A quick call is a call to the last station you tried to call (regardless of whether the call was successful or not). In the ALE mode, the channel used for the original call is reused for the quick call. The Quick Call feature can be enabled or disabled as part of ALE parameters programming. NOTES • Quick Call will not transmit a message, even if the last call contained a message.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 5. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent (the channel may change, if the called station does not answer on the first channel(s)). NOTE While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to abort the entire process. 6. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you may press the PTT and start talking. 7.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To send a message during a call (link state): 1. Press PAGE. NOTE If this function key is not displayed, you cannot send a message in the present mode. LINK 1009 PAGE I MON 2. Select or edit the desired message as explained on page 3-40. 3. Press SEND or ENTER to send the message. SEND AMD11 11 AMD MESS EDIT CHAN <-> 4. The radio now starts the link set up process for this message (this process is similar to the process used to set up the link for this call).
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Option Capabilities See Page … ALL AllCall – call directed to all the other stations simultaneously; usually used as a distress call. 3-43 NET Net call – call directed to a net (a net is a preprogrammed group of stations). Up to 20 nets can be defined. 3-45 GRP Group call – call directed to a group of individually selected stations. Groups can be preprogrammed, but you can also select the stations to be called and save the selection for reuse. Up to five groups can be defined.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2. After a delay, you will see LINK with a flashing GL ALLCALL. 3. Confirm the link set up by pressing ENTER or the PTT. The GL ALLCALL message stops flashing, and you can start talking. LINK GL ALLCALL LINK GL ALLCALL PAGE I MON 4. Press PAGE if you want to send a message. See page 3-42 for details. 5. To end the call, press ESC. END CALLING To send global AllCall using the CALL function: 1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address. 2.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CALL GL ALLCALL 4. Press ALL. SEND PAGE GLOB SEL 5. Press SEL. NOTE ALL EDIT:_ ? ALL EDIT:5 ? If you decide to send a Global AllCall, press GLOB. 6. Type the desired character (only one character is accepted). NOTE CLR You can press ? if you decide to send a global AllCall. 7. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER. CALL SL ALLCALL SEND PAGE NOTE GLOB If you decide to send a global AllCall, press GLOB. SEL 8. Press SEND or ENTER to start the call.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To transmit a net call: 1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address. If you see the net you want, skip directly to Step 5 below, otherwise continue as explained below. 2. Select the NET option as explained on page 3-43. 3. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the call. 4. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the call on a specific channel. 5. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call. The radio now starts the link set up process.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see instructions on page 3-36. When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as soon as you press CALL to start a call. To transmit a group call: 1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address. If you see the group you want, skip directly to Step 6 below, otherwise continue as explained below. 2. Select the GRP option as explained on page 3-43. 3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE The following example explains how to build a new group, but you can use the same procedures to change an existing group. 4. After pressing SEL, you will see the DIR screen. Therefore, you can select stations from the addresses already stored in the directory, or type new addresses using the keypad. DIR 1005 ADD OK To select an address from these already in the directory: 1. Use the UP and DOWN arrows to display the desired directory entry, and then press ADD.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE When radios in other nets have their MultiNet feature enabled, AnyCalls may also reach these radios. See details in Appendix C. You can send three types of AnyCalls (see also description of addressing modes on Appendix C): • General: the address sent by your radio is @@?. This is a simultaneous call addressed to all the stations. • Selective: you specify the last character of the address.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE If you try to send (SEND) the call without first selecting an address, your attempt is rejected and you see for a few seconds NOT PROG. 6. Select the AnyCall address: • To send a general AnyCall, press ?. • To send a selective AnyCall, enter the desired character (any character except #, @ or ?). • ALL ENDING:_ ? ALL ENDING:_ ? CLR ALL ENDING:59 To send a double-selective AnyCall, enter two characters. ? <-CLR 7. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 END CALLING 12. To end the call, press ESC. 3-12.3.4.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CALL WILD 5. Press WILD to start. SEND PAGE CHAN SEL WILD _ 6. Press SEL. ? NOTE If you try to send (SEND) the call without first selecting an address, your attempt is rejected and you see for a few seconds NOT PROG. 7. Select the desired address: WILD ?135? • To insert a wildcard, press ? • Enter the desired characters using the keypad. ? <---> 8. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER. CLR CALL ?135? SEND PAGE CHAN SEL 9.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 END CALLING 14. To end the call, press ESC. 3-12.3.4.11 Transmitting a Self Call The self-call is a test call addressed to your own address within the currently selected net. Its purpose is to check that your radio set is OK and can transmit calls (to check reception, you can simply listen to other radio sets). When you send the self-call, the radio starts sending calls to its own address, successively, on each channel in the current net.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see instructions on page 3-36. When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as soon as you press CALL to start a call. To execute a bidirectional handshake with an individual station: LQA BIDR SOND 1. Press LQA to enter the LQA menu. 2. Press BIDR. The last called address is displayed. If this is the address you want, skip directly to Step 6 below. BIDR 1001 SEND PAGE I CHAN 3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 2. Press BIDR. The last called address is displayed. If this is the net you want, skip directly to Step 6 below. 3. Press MORE. 4. Press MULT. BIDR 1001 SEND PAGE I CHAN BDIR 1001 MULT BIDR NET 1 SEND I PAGE I CHAN BIDR NET 5. Press NET. NOTE You cannot change the net number at this stage – the bidirectional handshake is always performed on the currently selected net. To change the net, see page 3-36. 6. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the handshake. 7.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 SOND SOUND OFF 2. Press SOND. ON OFF 3. Press ON to start manual sounding, or OFF to stop an ongoing sounding process. NOTES 3-12.3.5 • The radio automatically returns to ALE mode when sounding is stopped. • When the radio transmits a sounding signal, the Tx bar is visible.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-12.4 Using ALE Mode to Send and Request GPS Position Data You can use the ALE AMD service to: 1. Send your position to any another destination (including one-to-many). 2. Request the position of another Micom transceiver equipped with a GPS receiver. You can make this type of request only when you call an individual station.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-13. USING THE VOCODER 3-13.1 Introduction The Micom can be ordered for with the vocoder option. The vocoder provides voice privacy at good voice quality, using digital signal processing techniques. The vocoder supports the following protection modes: • Privacy (PVT) mode. The vocoder can store up to 8 private keys for use in this mode. • Digital (DGTL) encryption mode. You can select the desired protection mode, or switch to the clear (CLR) mode.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 PVT3 CH 6 F 16,000.00 BAND IATU NOTE When using the digital mode, you see DGTL instead of PVT#. USB BW3.3K I DSP DIG CH 6 F 16,000.00 BAND IATU USB BW3.3K I DSP To use the vocoder in the Frequency mode: 1. When using the Frequency mode, press MORE twice to access the third screen. RCLV FREQ F 16,000.00 STOR IATU USB I CLR BW3.3K 2. Press the F3 key whenever it is necessary to toggle between the PVT (Private), DGTL, and CLR (Clear) modes.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 PROG RAD ALE 3. Press PROG to enter the Programming screen. LANG VCD 4. Press VCD to enter the Vocoder menu. 5. Press the relevant key to access the Vocoder options: • PVT Select the key used in the private mode. • CONF Display information on the vocoder hardware and software. • ERAS Erase the stored keys. Figure 3-8 shows the VCD programming options. The available selections are described in the following sections. PROG RAD ALE LANG Figure 3-8.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTE If you need additional details on the displayed information, contact your local distributor or the manufacturer. 4. To end the display, press ESC. 3-13.3.1.3 Erasing the Stored Keys 1. Access the Vocoder Programming menu: MENU > MORE > PROG > VCD. 2. Press ERAS. 3. You are requested to confirm: press YES, or cancel the task by pressing NO.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 3-14. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS 3-14.1 Operation in Desert Areas Micom Pathfinder radio sets are capable of operation under very harsh conditions. Use the following recommendations to lower the ambient heat stress on the equipment. • Avoid, whenever possible, direct sun radiation on the equipment. • If sun exposure is unavoidable, minimize the exposed area. • Permit free air movement around the equipment. 3-14.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CHAPTER 4 USING THE PROGRAMMING MODE 4-1. SCOPE This Chapter provides concise instructions for using the PROG mode. The Programming mode, accessed by opening the PROG menu is used to program manually the parameters needed by your radio set. There are two main group of parameters: • Radio parameters – the parameters for communication in your environment and in the radio nets you use most of the time. Refer to para. 4-3 for details.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4-3. PROGRAMMING THE RADIO PARAMETERS The Radio (RAD) Programming menu is used to program the following types of parameters: • Channel parameters – para. 4-3.1 • General radio parameters – para. 4-3.2. • Radio options – para. 4-3.3. Refer to Figure 4-1 for the detailed structure and options of the RAD menu. More Main Menu PROG RAD ALE LANG .. . . CHAN VCD ENG FRNC ESPA PRMT Option PVT CONF ERAS WHIP OPTS ACC ALE TUNE NONE YES NO More BAUD DPWR 1.2 2.4 4.8 9.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To start radio programming: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT MENU LOCK PROG 2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen. I PSW DIM RAD PROG ALE 3. Press PROG to enter the Programming mode. 4. Press RAD to enter the Radio Programming mode. CHAN RADIO PROGRAMMING PRMT OPTS WHIP 4-3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Option ERAS PWR Description ERAS is used to delete (erase) a channel. Actually, this action only replaces the usermodified parameters of the channel with the factory-default parameters, but marks the channel as not programmed. The factory-default parameter values are as follows: • Rx Frequency 15.000.00 MHz • Tx Frequency 15.000.00 MHz • SSB Mode USB • Bandwidth 2.7 • Tx Power MAX • AGC SLOW. Select the channel transmit power level.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4-3.2 Configuring Radio Parameters The radio parameters are global parameters, which are used for all the channels. To start the radio parameters programming: CHAN RADIO PROGRAMMING PRMT 1. Enter the Radio Programming menu. OPTS WHIP CHAN PARAMETERS 2. Press PRMT . USB GET STOR I ERAS PWR The PRMT option in the Radio Programming menu provides the following options (see Figure 4-1): Option BAUD DPWR Description Selects the data transmission rate of the internal modem: • 1.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Option Description Select the channel filter bandwidth used in the CW mode: CW • 0.25 – 250 Hz • 0.5 – 500 Hz • 0.8 – 800 Hz A lower value improves the reception but requires better frequency accuracy. RCLV Enables/disables the receive signal level display. If the receive signal indication is not enabled, you can temporarily enable it using one of the function keys. DIM Enables/disables automatic dimming of the display. Usually, the display operates continuously.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4-4. ALE PROGRAMMING The ALE Programming menu is used to configure the parameters needed by the ALE function. The structure of the ALE programming menu is shown in Figure 4-2. NOTE You can access the ALE Programming menu only after you select ALE for MENU > MORE > PROG > RAD > OPTS > ALE = YES. More Main Menu PROG LANG ALE RAD . . . .
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To start ALE programming: MENU CHAN FREQ 1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen. I ALE BIT MENU LOCK PROG 2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen. I PSW DIM PROG RAD ALE 3. Press PROG. 4. Press ALE to enter the ALE Programming menu. 5. Press MORE as required to access additional ALE programming parameters.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 NOTES 4-4.1 • The ESC key is used to cancel a change you have made, if not yet confirmed. If you have already saved changes, the ESC key will only return to a previous screen of the ALE Programming menu. • When you end ALE programming, you must store the parameters you defined. • If you press the MENU key to exit the programming mode without first saving your changes, you will be prompted to store the ALE configuration changes. Press YES to store the configuration.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Add or remove channels to the list of scanned channels in a net, and to define the channel on which AllCalls are to be transmitted (the AllCall channel (ALLC)). • CHAN NOTES • Each net can contain up to 100 scanned channels. • All nets combined can contain up to 100 scanned channels. If you exceed this number, the message OVER 100 CH is displayed for one second, and then the display returns to the previous menu.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4-4.2 Setting the Net Options Use this menu to configure net options: • SOND Sounding Parameters: define the interval (in minutes) at which automatic sounding is performed (30, 60, 90 or 120 minutes), or define sounding as a manual function. See Appendix A for a detailed explanation on the sounding process. • SLNT Silent Mode: select whether the net is in the silent mode, which means that members in the net can initiate calls but not allowed to respond to an ALE transmission.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 The message list can contain up to 12 messages, numbered AMD 0 to AMD 11. Each message can contain up to 90 characters. NOTE If no messages are stored, EMPTY will appear in the second display line. 4-4.5 ALE Options Configuration This menu enables you to configure the following ALE options: Option Description PTOT PTT Timeout: the time (in minutes) which elapses between the moment you release the PTT button, until the ALE disconnects the link. The allowed range is 1 to 10 minutes.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Option Description Inlink: enable/disable the inlink facility, which enables notifying other call participants when each participant disconnects from the link. All participants must be programmed to use the same selection (either YES or NO). ILNK Do not enable the inlink function when communicating with a radio that does not support the full ALE capabilities in accordance with MIL-STD-188-141B.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 4-4.7 Storing ALE parameters Before exiting the ALE programming menu, you must store the parameters you have programmed. NOTE If you press the MENU or ESC key to exit programming mode without first saving your changes, you will be prompted to store the ALE configuration changes. Press YES to store the configuration. If you press NO, the configuration will revert to the previous configuration, and any changes made in the ALE programming session will be ignored. 4-4.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CHAPTER 5 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE 5-1. GENERAL Operator maintenance consists of routine tasks and specific checks and services that are needed to keep equipment in a “ready to use” condition. Routine tasks such as cleaning, checking cables for damage, stowing items not used and checking for loose bolts, nuts and screws must be performed whenever the operator sees that they are necessary and are, therefore, not listed in the following tables.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Table 5-1. Visual Inspection and Mechanical Checks (Cont’d) Sequence Item to be Inspected Procedure 3 ON/OFF and volume control a. Check the control for looseness and damage. b. Turn control through its full range and check that it operates freely, without binding or excessive looseness 4 Keypad and buttons a. Check for damage. b. Check for proper operation 5 Display window a. Clean dirt and dust. b. Check for cracks 6 Battery connector a.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 d. Clean the front panel displays and keypad with a soft clean cloth. If dirt is difficult to remove, dampen the cloth with water; mild soap may be used for more effective cleaning. CAUTION 1. Do not press on the display window faces when cleaning. 2. Do not use solvents for cleaning display window, keypad and push-buttons. 3. Do not use compressed air for cleaning the panel. This may damage the push-buttons. 5-3.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Table 5-2. Fault Messages Message Corrective Actions OVER TMP Check that the radio is not exposed to direct sun radiation, and that there is no obstruction to free air flow around the radio NOT PROG This message indicates that the radio is not programmed (the message may also appear if the radio DC power failed during programming). In this case, the default baud rate of the MRC interface is 1200 bps. (Error 14) Program the radio parameters (using the MRC).
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 APPENDIX A USING BATTERY CHARGER, FRN8570B A-1. PURPOSE AND USE FRN8570B is an AC-powered portable battery charger designed to charge 14.4V Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery packs of the type used by Micom Pathfinder (FRN8577). FRN8570B is simple to operate and does not require operator attendance during operation, yet it provides advanced features, such as fully automatic charging and automatic stopping after battery pack charging is completed.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 To control battery charging, the FRN8570B charger unit automatically tests the battery pack as it is connected to the charger, and continues monitoring the battery state during the charging process, to detect the exact moment when the battery becomes fully charged. This prevents overcharging of batteries. The operator is informed of the progress of charging by a status indicator.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 A-4.2 Preparations for Charging 1. Place the battery charger on a flat, clean surface, protected from sun and rain. 2. Insert the DC output plug of the AC/DC converter into the DC input connector of the charger unit. 3. Connect the AC power cable to the power input connector of the AC/DC converter, and then connect the other end of the power cable into an AC outlet. A-4.3 Charging Process 1.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 A-5. MAIN FRN8570B TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Charger Specifications Charging Termination Method CC/CV voltage point Maximum Charge Rate 3000 mA Charge Termination Voltage 16.8V Top-Off Charge Current 300 mA for 1 hour Input Voltage 24 VDC nominal (allowed range: 18 to 28 VDC) Cable Length 30.5 cm (12 in) Input Connector 2.5 mm, center positive Dimensions 86 × 56 × 26 mm (3.38 × 2.20 × 1.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 APPENDIX B INSTALLATION OF FAA5548 TACTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA B-1. SCOPE This Appendix provides concise installation instructions for the FAA5548 tactical dipole antenna. The information provided in this Appendix complements the information appearing in the FAA5548 Tactical Dipole Antenna User Manual. B-2. FAA5548 DESCRIPTION The FAA5548 is a manpack-portable half-wave dipole antenna for field use.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 B-3.1 Horizontal Dipole A dipole antenna consists of two conducting elements with a center junction connected by a coaxial to the antenna dipole connector on the radio. The most common configuration is the horizontal dipole, shown in Figure B-1. The radiation pattern for this antenna is broadside to the antenna elements (that is, perpendicular to the running direction of the wire). The vertical radiation angle of a horizontal dipole is a function of its height above ground.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Elevation: 5 to 10 m Radio Set Figure B-2. Inverted V Configuration When using the inverted V configuration, pay attention to the following points: 1. The angle between the two halves must be 90° or greater, to prevent cancellation of the radiated energy. 2. The main radiation lobe of the inverted V is broadside to the direction of the wire, the same as for the horizontal dipole. However, the inverted V also exhibits a minor radiation lobe directly in line with each end of the wire.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 When using the sloping dipole, pay attention to the following points: 1. Sloping dipoles exhibit mostly low-angle radiation, which is suitable for long-distance communications, but generally poor for short-distance skywave (NVIS) operation. Sloping dipoles are recommended for long-distance communication only. 2. The sloping dipole exhibits some gain in the direction of the sloping wire. Conversely, it exhibits a significant null in the opposite or rear direction.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 CAUTION When erecting the antenna, avoid excessive stress. It is normal for the center point of the antenna to sag downward, which will not adversely affect performance. Use of excessive pulling force will put undue stress on the antenna wire, insulation, and other components. 8. Connect the BNC connector at the free end of the antenna feed cable to the Micom DIPOLE connector.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Intentionally Left Blank B-6
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 APPENDIX C ALE CAPABILITIES AND FEATURES C-1. SCOPE This Appendix provides a concise description of the ALE capabilities and features. C-2. SCANNING The method used to select the best channel is based on scanning: as long as it is idle, a radio operating in the ALE mode switches frequency at a relatively rapid rate (programmable at 2 or 5 channels per second) within the group of channels that can be used (the ALE frequency table, with up to 100 frequencies).
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 200 100 90 80 70 60 30 cyc min le 50 40 60 cyc min le 30 90 cyc min le CHANNELS 50 80% 10 9 8 7 6 80% 40% 4 5% 5% 40% 27% 20% 10% 80% 53% 40% 20% 10% 5 12 0 cyc min le 20% 13% 7% 10% 3 5% 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 USERS Figure C-1. Network Occupancy Use the chart to determine the best sounding cycle for your particular network, bearing in mind network occupancy, propagation conditions and other considerations.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 C-4. LQA MEMORY The ALE builds a database of connectivity information based on calls and the ALE sounding messages transmitted by other stations in the network. This information is stored in a special LQA memory and is used to determine the link quality of all channels in the networks. The data in the LQA memory is time-weighted, that is, recent information is given more value than old, thus compensating for changing propagation conditions. C-5.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 C-6. SELECTIVE CALLING Micom Pathfinder uses an approach standardized in MIL-STD-181-141B and FED-1075 to selective calling, and therefore has the capability and flexibility to link with one or many prearranged or asneeded single or multiple stations. This selective calling capability is based on the use of a special addressing method. C-6.1 ALE Addressing Method ALE uses digital addresses to identify stations.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 The wildcard symbol cannot be included in an individual station address, nor in a call request to an individual station. Table C-1. Use of “@” Stuffing Symbol Pattern Interpretation ABC “Standard” 3-character address word, shown here for reference.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 • Multiple wildcard characters can be used in different positions of the same address (basic or extended). See Table C-2 for examples of patterns using the “?” wildcard symbol. Table C-2. Use of “?” Wildcard Symbol Pattern Interpretation ABC “Standard” 3-character address, shown here for reference. All the characters in this word must be evaluated AB? “Standard” “wild-1” address word.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 specifies the last single character of the addresses of the desired subgroup of receiving stations (that is, it replaces the ? with an alphanumeric – see more details in Table C-1). Any station whose address matches the pattern stops scanning and listens. The operator can always initiate an outgoing (transmit) AllCall, but the Micom Pathfinder can be programmed to accept or ignore incoming (receive) AllCalls.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 C-7. USING THE MULTINET FEATURE Normally, a radio operating in the ALE mode receives and transmits only in its currently selected net. However, there are operational scenarios in which it is beneficial to enable radios to use the ALE functions while still being aware of what is going on in additional nets (for example, firefighters and paramedics must often respond to the same emergency), and be able of answering a call in another net.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 that there is at least one call in the stack. The STAK indicator is automatically turned off when all pages in the stack have been erased. The stack is arranged in FIFO order, that is, the first address that enters the stack is also the first that you see on the display. If the stack is full and a new call is received, the oldest call in the stack is automatically erased. For convenience, addresses appearing in the stack can be easily added to the ALE address directory. C-10.
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OM-E 2072-09287-00 Intentionally Left Blank C-10