www.dragino.com LPS8N LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual Document Version: 1.0 Firmware Version: lgw--build-v5.4.1644990565-20220216-1352 Version 1.
www.dragino.com Table of Contents 1 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 What is the LPS8N ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Specifications.............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Features .....................
www.dragino.com 5.2 LoRa Settings ............................................................................................................................ 25 5.2.1 LoRa --> LoRa .................................................................................................................. 25 5.2.2 LoRa --> ABP Decryption ................................................................................................. 26 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings ....................................................
www.dragino.com 8.2 9 10 Upgrade via Linux console ........................................................................................................ 44 FAQ ......................................................................................................................................... 44 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ........................................................... 44 9.
www.dragino.com 1 1.1 Introduction What is the LPS8N The LPS8N is an open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway. It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. The LPS8N uses Semtech packet forwarder & LoRaWAN Basic Station and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a SX1302 LoRa concentrator, which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
www.dragino.com 1.2 Specifications Hardware System: Linux Part: ➢ 400Mhz ar9331 processor ➢ 64MB RAM ➢ 16MB Flash Interface: ➢ 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 ➢ WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n ➢ LoRaWAN Wireless ➢ Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C ➢ USB 2.0 host connector x 1 ➢ Mini-PCI E connector x 1 ➢ SX1302 + 2 x SX1250 WiFi Spec: ➢ IEEE 802.11 b/g/n ➢ Frequency Band: 2.4 12~ 2.
www.dragino.com 1.3 1.4 Features ✓ Open Source OpenWrt system ✓ Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi ✓ Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it ✓ Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators ✓ LoRaWAN Gateway ✓ 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths ✓ Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings. ✓ Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters. ✓ Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server ✓ Support different level log in.
www.dragino.com 1.5 LPS8N Applications 1.6 LED Indicators LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are: ➢ Power LED ➢ LoRa LED packet. ➢ SYS LED :This RGB LED will shows different colors on different state: ✓ SOLID BLUE: Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection. ✓ : This RED LED will be solid on if the device is properly powered. : This RGB LED will blink GREEN when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a BLINKING BLUE: a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection.
www.dragino.com 2 Access and Configure LPS8N The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port. 2.1 Find IP address of LPS8N 2.1.1 Connect via WiFi At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called dragino-xxxxxx with password: dragino+dragino You can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.
www.dragino.com 2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N. 2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip The WAN port also has a fall back ip address for access if user doesn’t connect to uplink router. Click here to see how to configure. 2.2 Access Configure Web UI Web Interface Open a browser on the PC and type in the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method) http://10.130.1.
www.dragino.com 3 Typical Network Setup 3.1 Overview The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8N. The network set up includes: ✓ WAN Port Internet Mode ✓ WiFi Client Mode ✓ WiFi AP Mode 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network.
www.dragino.com 3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client. In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. The settings for WiFi Client is under page System → WiFi → WiFi WAN Client Settings In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
www.dragino.com 3.4 Check Internet connection In the Home page, we can check the Internet connection. ➢ GREEN Tick ➢ Yellow Tick : This interface has IP address but don’t use it for internet connection. ➢ RED Cross : This interface doesn’t connected. 4 Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway : This interface has Internet connection. LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
www.dragino.com This chapter describes how to use the LPS8N to work with (TTN v3)。 (www.thethingsnetwork.
www.dragino.com 4.1 Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID. Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page: The example gateway id is: a840411e96744154 Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server https://account.thethingsnetwork.
www.dragino.com Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address ➢ Europe 1 corresponding Gateway server address: eu1.cloud.thethings.network ➢ North America 1 corresponding Gateway server address: nam1.cloud.thethings.network ➢ Australia 1 corresponding Gateway server address: au1.cloud.thethings.
www.dragino.com Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network. After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
www.dragino.com 4.2 Configure LPS8N to connect to TTN v3 You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3. Make sure your LPS8N has a working Internet Connection first. Choose the right server provider and click Save&Apply Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3. In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
www.dragino.com In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
www.dragino.com 4.3 Configure frequency We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
www.dragino.com 4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site. We use LT-22222-L IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar. Step 1: Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device. Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3: ✓ DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
www.dragino.com Select Add Application to open the screen below. Open the Application select Add end device Start Register the end device Select OTAA activation mode The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
www.dragino.com First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI. Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
www.dragino.com Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device. Step 2: Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel. Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display. 5 5.
www.dragino.com 5.2 LoRa Settings 5.2.1 LoRa --> LoRa This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customize the band* as well. Different LPS8N hardware version can support different frequency range: ➢ 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865. ➢ 915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~ 928Mhz.
www.dragino.com 5.2.2 LoRa --> ABP Decryption The LPS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as: ▪ No internet connection. ▪ User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and MQTT forward together). Detail of this feature: http://wiki.dragino.
www.dragino.com 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings 5.3.1 LoRaWAN --> LoRaWAN This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: TTN, ChirpStack etc Note **: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here: See http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/ 5.3.2 LoRaWAN --> Amazon AWS-IoT Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core: http://wiki.dragino.
www.dragino.com 5.4 MQTT Settings If end nodes work in ABP mode, user can configure LPS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker, Instruction: http://wiki.dragino.
www.dragino.com 5.5 System 5.5.
www.dragino.com 5.5.2 System --> General ( login settings) System Password: There are two logins for LPS8N: root /dragino or admin /dragino. Both root and admin have the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface. This page can be used to set the password for them. Timezone: Set device timezone. Port forwarding: Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface. 5.5.
www.dragino.com WAN Settings: Setting for LPS8N WAN port WiFi Settings: Setting for LPS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client 5.5.4 System --> WiFi LPS8N WiFi Settings. 5.5.5 System --> Network Status 5.5.6 System --> Remote Mgnt & Auto Update Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management.
www.dragino.com Please see this document for detail: http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Applicatio n_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.
www.dragino.com R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: http://wiki.dragino.
www.dragino.com 5.5.7 System --> Firmware Upgrade We keep improving the LPS8N firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference. ➢ Latest firmware: LoRa Gateway Firmware, ( http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware) ➢ Change Log: Firmware Change Log. ( http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog ) The file named as dragino-lgw–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin is the upgrade Image. as below.
www.dragino.com The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade. Note *: User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console SCP the firmware to the system /var directory and then run root@OpenWrt:~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image NOTE: it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size. 5.5.
www.dragino.com 5.5.9 System --> Package Maintain Place to show what packages have been installed and possible to upgrade packages. 5.6 LogRead LogRead --> LoRa Log Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
www.dragino.com 5.6.1 LogRead --> System Log Show the system log 6 6.1 More features Packet Filtering Drop unwanted packets: See http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/ 6.2 Remote Access Remote Access Devices for management: Instruction http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Remote%20Access%20Gateway/ 6.3 How to decode ABP LoRaWAN node Decode ABP http://wiki.dragino.
www.dragino.com 6.5 More instructions http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/(LoRaWAN Gateway) 6.6 Auto-Provision Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management.
www.dragino.com Please see this document for detail: http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Applicatio n_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf 7 Linux System The LPS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings. 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol.
www.dragino.com The “logread -f” command can be used to debug how system runs. 7.2 Edit and Transfer files The LPS8N supports the SCP protocol and has a built-in SFTP server. There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols. In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the WinSCP utility. After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the LPS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
www.dragino.com 7.3 File System The LPS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot. The Linux system uses around 8MB ~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the LPS8N flash. You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
www.dragino.com 7.4 Package maintenance system LPS8N uses the OpenWrt OPKG package maintenance system. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the iperf tool, you can install the related packages and configure LPS8N to use iperf . Below are some example opkg commands. For more information please refer to the OPKG package maintain system (https://wiki.openwrt.
www.dragino.com 8 Upgrade Linux Firmware We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference. ➢ Latest firmware: LoRa Gateway Firmware, ( http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware) ➢ Change Log: Firmware Change Log. ( http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog ) The file named as xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin is the upgrade Image.
www.dragino.com 8.2 Upgrade via Linux console SCP the firmware to the system /var directory and then run root@OpenWrt:~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image NOTE: it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size. 9 9.1 FAQ How can I configure for a customized frequency band? See below link for how to customize frequency band: http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequ ency%20band/ 9.
www.dragino.com 10 Trouble Shooting 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? In some cases, when installing a package with opkg, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID: root@dragino-16c538:~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root… Collected errors: * satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2si3217x: * kernel (= 3.10.
www.dragino.com 10.3 I configured LPS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? The LPS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access LPS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit. (Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page) Steps to connect via fall back IP: 1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to LG01’s WAN port 2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.
www.dragino.com 10.4 I connect to the LPS8N’s SSID but LPS8N didn’t assign DHCP IP to my laptop? This is a known bug for the firmware version before 2019-09-23 for LPS, the issue was fixed since version: LG02_LG08--build-v5.2.1569218466-20190923-1402. In the old version, user can use the fall back ip method to access and configure the device. 11 Order Info PART: LPS8N-XXX: XXX: Frequency Band ➢ 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
www.dragino.com 14 FCC Warning This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
