Installation guidelines AC Power Input The Bird remote only comes with an AC input option. The voltage range will support 120VAC or 240VAC, 50 or 60 Hz. The remote ships with a weather proof C13 connector and weather proof strain relief housing. The unit does not ship with a power cord ‐ only the power connector. The installation contractor will need to provide a power cable of at least 14AWG, 3 conductor cable.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Table 64 External Alarm Connector Pinout Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Function Alarm relay output NC Alarm relay output NO Alarm input 4 Alarm input 2 Alarm input ground Alarm relay output NC Alarm relay output NO Alarm input 3 Alarm input 1 Grounding The remotes are furnished with a ground lug to be used if chassis grounding is required to meet local code or installation requirements.
Installation guidelines Installing the DHR Repeater The repeaters units are factory configured and should not be opened in the field. WARNING The Repeaters are heavy , use care and always properly support units during installation. If allowed to fall a Repeater can cause injury or death. CAUTION Ensure the surfaces being used to mount the Repeater can safely support the full weight of the Repeater. The remotes must be mounted in a vertical position.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Double Repeater Wall Mounting Bird Technologies offers a bracket that allows two wall mount racks to be mounted back to back. This reduces the amount of wall space required when two repeaters are located together. The bracket is stainless steel and can be used indoors or outdoors.
Installation guidelines Solar Shield Direct exposure to sun light can cause temperatures of the repeater to exceed the 55 °C (131°F) rating. A simple solution offered by Bird is to attach an optional solar shield to the affected repeaters. The solar shields are sold separately. Figure 51 Remote Unit Solar Shield Cabling There are many options for the Bird repeaters which can affect the number of connections on the bottom of each repeater.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Ethernet Port The RJ45 Ethernet port is located on the bottom panel of the repeater unit. Connection of the Ethernet port is not required for normal operation of the repeater. The port offers convenient access to the system GUI during installation, commissioning and troubleshooting. Ensure the provided IP67 rated protective cap is replaced when the Ethernet port is not in use.
Installation guidelines AC Power Input The Bird repeater only comes with an AC input option. The voltage range will support 120VAC or 240VAC, 50 or 60 Hz. The remote ships with a weather proof C13 connector and weather proof strain relief housing. The unit does not ship with a power cord ‐ only the power connector. The installation contractor will need to provide a power cable of at least 14AWG, 3 conductor cable.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Table 66 External Alarm Connector Pinout Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Function Alarm relay output NC Alarm relay output NO Alarm input 4 Alarm input 2 Alarm input ground Alarm relay output NC Alarm relay output NO Alarm input 3 Alarm input 1 Grounding The repeaters are furnished with a ground lug to be used if chassis grounding is required to meet local code or installation requirements.
Chapter 4 DAS Software Configuration This section is focused on the GUI interface and initial software setting of the DAS. No special software is require to access the Bird DAS. Access is provided via most web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome. The BGW should be powered up and allowed about 5 minutes to fully boot prior to applying power to the Master Unit. The BGW will assign IP addresses to the Master Unit components.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) BGW Configuration BGW Naming 1. 2. 3. 4. Select Configuration in top right corner. See Figure 60 . Select External Comm in left menu. Select BGW Name tab in top menu. Enter site name: a. You may use any combination of alphanumeric characters and the special character of dash "‐". Do not use any other special characters or space. 0 through 9 a through z A through Z ‐ Limit of 56 characters b. 5.
DAS Software Configuration VPN Settings On occasions, the BGW will be set up behind a firewall. To be able to access the BGW from external locations the Primary BGW settings will need to be configured to allow access. Consult with your IT department for these parameters. Bird Technologies offers monitoring services. When these services are contracted, enter the Bird parameters in the Secondary BGW settings so that system alarms are correctly forwarded to the Bird NOC.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) NTP Servers NTP servers provide accurate clocks for the BGW. Utilizing multiple sources prevents clock issues as a result of one server becoming corrupt or dropping out of contact. The BGW is compatible with NTP version 4 servers. The NTP settings in the image below are the default for Redhat servers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select Configuration. Click Time serv/zone. Select the NTP Servers Tab. Enter the NTP Server information.
DAS Software Configuration Email Server The BGW is capable of emailing alarms directly to select email addresses. Access the set up function via Configuration, Alarm Receivers and Server Prop. Consult with your IT department for configuration settings. 1. Select Configuration. 2. Click Alarm Receivers. 3. Select the Server Prop. Tab. 4. Enter the Email Server information. Consult with your IT department for configuration settings. 5. Click Save and Apply.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) BIU Configuration The initial screen for the BIU provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active alarms. The Locate me! button causes an LED to flash on the unit so that the module can be identified in the chassis. In the left menu, notice the RF 1 and RF 2. The BIU has two RF paths or strips that are correlated to the two RF inputs on the BIU card.
DAS Software Configuration Item Description 1 Downlink RMS value leaving the BIU card to the ICU/FOI. Good for measuring GSM and UMTS levels. 2 Downlink log detector signal leaving the BIU card to the ICU/FOI. 3 Peak downlink RF value exiting the BIU card on the select path. 4 0=RF is set to Off (attenuation is set to maximum). 1= RF is set to On. Note: This is only in reference to one of the two BIU RF paths/strips. 5 Temperature of the BIU card.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) BIU RF1 Settings This page will allow the user to change the attenuator values in the BIU for the path selected. Figure 68 BIU RF1 Settings 1 2 3 Item 1 Description Attenuator setting for the downlink path. Enter a value from ‐14 to ‐44 (range varies depending of frequency band). Note: Click Submit after entering value. 2 Attenuator/Gain setting for the uplink path. Enter a value from ‐17 to 12 (range varies depending of frequency band).
DAS Software Configuration BIU Hardware Test Points This page shows various test point measurements used for status and troubleshooting purposes. Figure 69 BIU Hardware Test Points BIU Alarm List This page show all current and past alarms. Green indicates that the alarm has cleared. Yellow indicates a warning alarm. Red indicates a service affecting alarm.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) BIU Change History This page shows a history of all setting changes. Figure 71 BIU Change History BIU Alarm configuration RF1 This page allows for certain alarm thresholds of the BIU to be changed.
DAS Software Configuration BIU Advanced Network Setup This page allows for manual override of network settings. Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to Yes. Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in very specific situations. Figure 73 BIU Network Setup BIU Advanced Menus These menus provide information only status and settings of the BIU that are typically used by the manufacturer.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) BIU Application Handling The application handling page allows for stopping software functions and rebooting software programs. Alarm Handler: Selecting Reboot (circular icon) will clear all the alarms in the history for the card selected. This is helpful after turning a system up and wanting to clear alarm log created during the installation and turn up. Note: Only the Reboot command should be used by the technician.
DAS Software Configuration FOI Configuration The initial screen for the FOI provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active alarms. The Locate me! button causes an LED to flash on the unit so that the module can be identified in the chassis. Figure 76 FOI Welcome Screen Figure 77 FOI Welcome Screen SW Version 3.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) FOI Opto Status This page will show the current status and configuration of the FOI. Figure 78 FOI Opto Status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Item 75 Description 1 Fiber optic received optical power from the remote unit. See item 1 in Figure 79 for measurement location. 2 RF downlink power to the remote. See item 2 in Figure 80 for location on the FOI circuitry.
DAS Software Configuration Figure 79 FOI Uplink Measurement Locations 3 12 CURRENT SENSOR RX-LVL RX POWER 1 DETECTOR 1 ETHERNET MODEM Attenuator Uplink 1 STEP ATT PHOTO DETECTOR OPTO IN UL OUT 1 STEP ATT STEP ATT TP UL Attenuator Common 2 Attenuator Common 1 14 10 11 UL OUT 2 STEP ATT Attenuator Uplink 2 13 DETECTOR RX POWER 2 4 Figure 80 FOI Downlink Measurement Locations 6 7 2 Attenuator 1 Downlink 1 Attenuator 2 Downlink 1 STEP ATT STEP ATT STEP ATT STEP ATT Attenuator 1 D
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 81 FOI Opto Status DOI401 FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings This page will allow changes to be made to the FOI values Figure 82 FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item 77 Description 1 Downlink path 1 attenuator #1. See item 1 in Figure 83 for measurement location. 2 Downlink path 1 attenuator #2. See item 2 in Figure 83 for location on the FOI circuitry. 3 Downlink path 2 attenuator #1.
DAS Software Configuration Item Description 8 Uplink path 2 attenuator. See item 8 in Figure 84 for location on the FOI circuitry. RF ON Yes set the UL values as selected above. RF No turns off laser. 9 Note: Setting to “No” will disconnect connectivity to the remote(s) Subcarrier TX Power is used for the communications and control signaling of the DAS. Default setting is ‐10dBm for single port FOI cards and 0dBm for the 4‐port FOI card.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 85 DOI401 FOI Opto and Attenuator Settings FOI Fiber Network Subunits This page provides a visual indication on the fiber link status for each connection to the FOI. Figure 86 FOI Fiber Network Subunits 1 2 3 Item 79 4 5 6 7 8 Description 1 Selecting the remote link will direct the browser to the Remote Unit page. 2 Network IP address of the FOI card. 3 Optical wavelength of the transmit laser in the FOI card.
DAS Software Configuration Figure 87 DOI401 FOI Fiber Network Subunits FOI Network Setup This page allows for manual override of network settings. Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to Yes. Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in very specific situations. Do not enter IP configuration data in other associated settings.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) FOI Reset to Factory Default To reset the FOI to factory default, carefully press the “Reset” button (see Figure 89 ) for 10 seconds. This is helpful when a card fails to appear in the Configuration menu. Figure 89 FOI Reset Button Reset FOR The initial screen for the FOR provides basic information such as name, serial number, part number and active alarms.
DAS Software Configuration Figure 91 FOR Welcome Screen RF Strip 1 XXX MHz Status Figure 92 FOR RF 1 Status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Description 1 Downlink frequency band for the RF path/strip selected 2 RF link setting for the downlink path: On or Off. 3 Setting of the downlink ALC threshold. 4 Downlink low power alarm turned On or Off. 5 Gain setting for the RF path under review.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Item Description 7 The amount of actual gain used by the system. Might not achieve max gain setting if ALC is in operation. If the set gain is 56 as it is above, RF is turned on and the actual gain in line 7 is less than 56 then the system is being overdriven and ALC is kicking in. Reduce gain. Suggest starting with the value displayed in line 7 since this is the most gain that is being used. 8 Output power of the amplifier for the path under review.
DAS Software Configuration Item Description 4 Turns downlink low power alarm on or off. 5 Uplink gain setting for RF path under review. Uplink ALC setting for RF path under review. This is the threshold at which the system will start reducing further gain to prevent increases in uplink RF to the FOI. After 10dB decrease in gain an uplink alarm will be triggered 6 7 Note: Should be left a factory default. Only change if FOR uplink gain is changed.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) FOR Opto Status Figure 95 FOR Opto Status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Item Figure 96 Description 1 Optical power received from the FOI. See item 1 in Figure 96 for measurement location. 2 Uplink signal being fed into the FOR uplink laser circuit. See item 2 in Figure 97 for measurement location. 3 Laser current for the Remote Unit FOR. Should be less than 50mA. 4 Temperature of the Remote Unit FOR board. 5 Total gain of the FOR in the downlink.
DAS Software Configuration Figure 97 FOR Uplink Schematic 2 TX POW LOG DETECTOR 3 RF IN 1 LASER DIODE RF IN 2 OPTO OUT STEP ATT MONITOR DIODE TX-LVL LASER DRIVER ETHERNET MODEM +5 V VOLTAGE -5 V INVERTER TX-CURR TO PHOTO DIODE 86
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) FOR Opto Gain and Attenuation Settings Figure 98 FOR Opto Gain Settings 1 2 87 Item Description 1 FOR gain in the downlink path. Range is typically from ‐20 to +20. FOR downlink path has inherent/raw gain of +20dB (FM to 2600MHz). A setting of +20 indicates no attenuation so FOR will have +20dB gain (+20dB gain minus 0dB attenuation).
DAS Software Configuration FOR Fiber Network Settings This page allows for manual override of network settings. Default configurations should be used with DHCP set to Yes. Note: Changing DHCP to “No” can cause loss of communications to the BIU and should only be used in very specific situations. Do not enter IP configuration data in other associated settings. Figure 99 FOR Network Settings 1 2 ITem Description 1 Subcarrier Tx Power is used for the communications and control signaling of the DAS.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) FOR Application Handling The application handling page allows for software reset and rebooting functions. Note: Only the Reboot command should be used by the technician. All other functions should only be used under supervision of Bird engineering as they may cause data corruption if not initiated properly. Figure 101 FOR Application Handling Slave FOR A Slave FOR is when a remote has a second FOR installed.
DAS Software Configuration Naming Components Proper naming of individual components in the DAS is critical to troubleshooting. A recommendation is to start all component names with their function such as "BIU", "FOI" or "FOR". For example: "BIU‐850Sector1". You may use any combination of alphanumeric characters and the special character of dash "‐". Do not use any other special characters or space. 0 through 9 a through z A through Z ‐ Component names are limited to 56 characters. 1.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 105 Unit Naming 6. 7. 8. Go to Advanced > Appl restart. Select the Reboot icon at the bottom of the menu. See Figure 106 . Select "YES‐ Restart Process" Note: After rebooting, it can take up to 5 minutes before the unit shows up in the GUI. Figure 106 Naming Reboot 9. After all the units have been renamed, go to the Configuration menu and select the correct card type. 10.
DAS Software Configuration Moving Remotes to Different FOI Port All DAS components are assigned IP addresses by the BGW. The FOR in the Remote is the assigned an IP address as a subunit of the FOI to which it is connected. When the Remote is moved to a different FOI one of several actions must take place: 1. The lease on the Remote IP address must be given time to expire. This could take up to 30 minutes. Once the current IP lease expires, the new FOI will then assign the correct IP address to the Remote.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 107 Manage System Modules 93
Chapter 5 Commissioning Preparations The minimum of preparations necessary are to have the system documentation which should include the following items at least: The system layout and block schematic A connection diagram for the head‐end Master Unit The type of connectors and tappers used to interface to the base station ports The number of carriers for each of the BIU that the base stations connects via Maximum output power for each service from the base stations Fiber losses should
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) System Commissioning Pre-requisites Establish Ethernet connection between the BGW and all cards Power up all equipment Ensure IP addresses have been assigned Cards will briefly flash green.
Commissioning Figure 109 Enable FOI Optical Ports Enable FOI Optical Ports 3. Go to FOI status and note RX Opto power UL. The laser transmits at 5000 uW. The difference between the 5000 uW transmit level and the receive level is the loss on the fiber. Figure 110 RX Optical Power RX Optical Power a. Starting with software release 3.9, there is an option to have the GUI calculate the fiber loss. Figure 111 Calculated Optical Loss, Software version 3.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Uplink 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Set all values at default (factor setting may vary due to individual testing before shipping) for all bands a. BIU: ‐10dB b. FOI: ‐6, ‐6, ‐6 c. FOR: +12 d. Amp: +35 for low loss fiber, +45 for high loss fiber Start with adjusting the high frequency band. Turn RF on at the BIU. Ensure that only the RF strips being used have RF turned on. Go to the FOR and turn the UL test tone on. Note the level being transmitted and the frequency.
Commissioning 6. 7. 8. Apply RF signal to the BIU BTS port. Check Remote Unit FOR status "Set Gain", "Gain" and "Output Power". Adjust "Set Gain" so that desired output power is achieved. d. If "Gain" level is lower than "Set Gain" level in the status screen then the system is being over driven and ALC is limiting the gain of the system. Reduce gain setting to the level displayed in "Set Gain". Submit change and the review status screen. "Set Gain" and "Gain" levels should now be identical.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) 7. 8. Select the check box next to the 10##.crt file. See Figure 113. Click"Insert" Figure 113 Certificate Selection 7 8 9. Select "Browse" for the File name for certificate key. SeeFigure 114. Figure 114 Key Entry 9 10. Select the check box next to the "10##.key" file. See Figure 115. 11.
Commissioning 12. Select Ext. Ethernet Tab 13. Select the check box for “Use eth0 for Internet (WAN).” This ensures external Ethernet connections are allowed. Figure 116 External Ethernet 12 13 14. Select DNS Forwarders tab. 15. Select radio button for “Dynamic, assigned by eth0.” Note: The Bird maintained CGW is not able to hostname check a DNS2 IP address of 8.8.2.2, 4.2.2.4 or 4.2.25. Please change to something like Google's 8.8.4.4 or 8.8.8.8 Figure 117 DNS Forwarders 14 15 16. 17. 18. 19.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) 20. 21. 22. 23. Click on “Status/Statistics.” Select the “Communication Control” tab. Select the check box next to “VPN Restart.” Click “Restart.” Figure 119 VPN Restart 20 21 22 23 24. After about 10 minutes, the BGW should start communicating with the Bird/DeltaNode CGW. 25. Click on Status/Statistics 26. Select the Ethernet Status tab. Both "eth0" and "eth1" should show connectivity.
Commissioning Wireless Modem Setup Due to variances with different wireless modem manufacturers, settings may vary from modem to modem. A general understanding of network settings is required. Below are a few typical settings that will need to be configured. Modem DHCP DHCP will need to be enabled so that the wireless modem can assign an IP address to the BGW. Be sure to enter the stop and end IP address as seen in the image.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 123 BGW Configuration - 3G Modem Setup 4 2 3 5 6. 7. Select the VPN Settings tab. Select the “Activate a VPN service tunnel” check box, if not already selected. Note: Older software versions of the BGW do not offer VPN service tunnels. Contact Bird to order a replacement BGW. Figure 124 BGW Configuration - VPN Setting 6 7 8. 9. Select the DNS Forwarders tab. See Figure 125 on page 104.
Commissioning Figure 125 BGW Configuration - DNS Forwarders Setting 8 9 10. 11. 12. 13. Select the Ext. Ethernet tab Select "Use eth0 for internet" and "Static IP address" check boxes. Record the existing IP setting in case rolling back to original settings is required. Enter the IP addresses information: IP Address: 192.168.0.10 Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway IP Address: 192.168.0.1 Figure 126 BGW Configuration - External Ethernet Setting 10 11 13 14.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Figure 127 BGW Configuration - Ethernet Status 16 15 Rolling Back Modem Configuration If the external modem is no longer required the configuration can quickly be rolled back. 1. Click on Configuration. See Figure 128. 2. Click on External Comm. 3. Select the Ext Ethernet tab. 4. Enter original IP addresses that used prior to installing the modem. Figure 128 Rollback Modem IP Addresses 2 3 1 4 5. 6. Select the DNS Forwarders tab.
Commissioning Setup local Network UDP Ports for CGW Access In order for the Bird/DeltaNode CGW to be able to make contact with the BGW ensure that the customer IT department has OpenVPN with UPD ports 1194 to 1199. This allows Bird/DeltaNode static IP address to access the BGW. Local Connection to Remote Unit A technician can directly connect a laptop to the remote unit. This is useful when the technician is at the remote unit troubleshooting.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Local Connection to Remote Unit with Two FOR's Some remote units are built with 2 FOR boards. This would occur in applications where one chassis contains: MIMO paths, multiple amplifiers of the same band, amplifiers fed from different FOI cards or other special applications. The 2 FOR boards share the one Ethernet connector on the remote unit. A standard Ethernet cable will only access FOR [0]. A custom cable is required to access FOR [1] board.
Commissioning Figure 132 Custom Cable for Connecting to two FOR systems Top: 12345 678 Front: 12345678 Connection to BGW from Remote Unit The technician has the ability to connect to the BGW from the remote unit. This eases troubleshooting and programming by not having to return to the BGW location for direct access. 1. Enable the laptop DHCP settings. 2. Connect RJ45 Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port on the remote.
Chapter 6 RF Commissioning In order to make the process more clear for this part of the manual we will consider setting up a fictitious system, but based on a standard approach at doing Fiber‐DAS. The system that we are considering will have two frequency bands, let’s assume GSM 900 MHz and UMTS 2100 MHz. The example will have 2 sectors with two remotes in each sector.
RF Commissioning Noise load on Radio Base Station The system will inevitably add some noise to the receiver. When properly set up the noise figure in a system like this will be better than 3 dB. However, if the gain is improperly set up (i.e. not enough gain in the remote, too much gain in the head‐end) it is possible to create a very bad noise figure. In order to avoid this the Fiber‐DAS Calculator should be used to calculate the noise figure of the system in the uplink.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) What we see here is that if we set the system up in this fashion we will desensitize the base station with about 5,5 dB. This can be okay if the base station coverage is only through the Fiber‐DAS system but if the base station is also being used for outdoor coverage it is not good. We need to change the net gain to reflect this. In general we should lower the gain so that we desensitize the BTS only about 3 dB.
RF Commissioning Practical approach Now that we know what we should have we can easily set the system up. You need a spectrum analyzer to do this and it is easiest to connect it into the BIU port. Remember that when you measure here, the signal should also go through the BTS coupler before it reaches the base station receiver port.
Fiber Distributed Antenna System (Fiber DAS) Next step is to connect to the remote unit and set it up for test measurement in the uplink. In this screen you should also turn RF on, set the gain to about 35 dB as a starting point and then turn on the uplink test tone. Note the frequency of the test tone, this is the frequency you should be measuring on your spectrum analyzer.
RF Commissioning Turn on the spectrum analyzer, make sure it is connected to the right port on the right BIU and then find the frequency. A reasonable span is 1 MHz and the receiver band width can be set to 30 kHz or similar. Use the marker to measure the peak of the signal. Then go to the next screen on the remote unit, the RF Status screen. What we are looking for here is the Test tone Level. Note this down as well, next to the frequency of the test tone you noted earlier.
Chapter 7 Model Identification System Model Numbers FOR 2 Band 1 Wavelength FOR 3 FOR 3 Band 1 C 3 H 3 Optical Split Wavelength FOR 2 B 1 2 CWDM FOR 1 Band 2 A D W FOR 1 Band 1 Wavelength FOR 1 WDM G 0 C 0 Connectors Voltage G 0 C 0 Duplexed Frequency Duplexed Frequency Duplexed Frequency Duplexed Frequency Number of Bands Sub-family Product Family D D R 4 W U B C S Family: Frequency: Voltage: Wavelength of Uplink: CWDM (option): DDU - 46 dBm Full Band R - FM Radio DDH -
Model Identification Remote End Unit Part Numbers Note: The remote end units are completely integrated at the factory, there is no field assembly other than mounting and cable connection. Modules should not be altered once deployed.
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