fx-7400G PLUS E User’s Guide fx-7400G PLUS User’s Guide CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan E SA0212-A Printed in China fx-7400G PLUS (English) Cover Black RCA500487-1 http://world.casio.
GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not applicable to other areas). Program Mode Command List NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR FOR THE FIRST TIME ONLY... This calculator does not contain any main batteries when you purchase it. Be sure to perform the following procedure to load batteries, reset the calculator, and adjust the contrast before trying to use the calculator for the first time. 1. Making sure that you do not accidently press the o key, attach the case to the calculator and then turn the calculator over. Remove the back cover from the unit by pulling with your finger at the point marked ✩. 2.
5. Press m. If the Main Menu shown to the right is not on the display, press the P button on the back of the calculator to perform memory reset. P button f, c, d, e) to select the CONT icon and press w i to display the contrast adjustment screen. 6. Use the cursor keys ( or simply press 7. Press d to make the figure on the screen lighter or e to make them darker. 8. After getting the contrast the way you want it, press ii m to return to the main menu.
Handling Precautions • Your calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart. • Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact. • Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or large amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may require more time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back to normal temperature.
Be sure to keep physical records of all important data! The large memory capacity of the unit makes it possible to store large amounts of data. You should note, however, that low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the unit can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact. In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • fx-7400G PLUS •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Contents Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted ...................................................... 1 1. 2. 3. 4. Using the Main Menu ............................................................................ 2 Key Table ............................................................................................... 4 Key Markings ........................................................................................ 6 Selecting Modes .............................................................................
Contents 8. Fraction Calculations ......................................................................... 23 (1) Fraction Display and Input ..................................................................... 23 (2) Performing Fraction Calculations ........................................................... 23 (3) Changing the Fraction Simplification Mode ........................................... 25 9. Selecting Value Display Modes .......................................................... 27 10.
Contents 5. Other Graphing Functions ................................................................. 58 Connect Type and Plot Type Graphs (D-Type) ............................................. 58 Trace ............................................................................................................ 59 Scroll ........................................................................................................... 60 Overwrite ....................................................................
Contents Plotting Data ................................................................................................ 97 Plotting a Scatter Diagram........................................................................... 98 Changing Graph Parameters ....................................................................... 98 1. Graph draw/non-draw status (SELECT) .................................................. 98 2. General graph settings (SET) ..........................................................
Contents Chapter 8 Programming ........................................................... 125 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Before Programming ........................................................................ 126 Programming Examples ................................................................... 127 Debugging a Program ...................................................................... 132 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program ................... 132 Secret Function ..........
Contents Chapter 10 Program Library ..................................................... 175 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prime Factor Analysis ...................................................................... 176 Greatest Common Measure ............................................................. 178 t -Test Value ....................................................................................... 180 Circle and Tangents ..........................................................................
Contents xii
Chapter Getting Acquainted — Read This First! The symbols in this manual indicate the following messages. : Important notes : Notes P.
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted 1. Using the Main Menu The main menu appears on the display whenever you turn on the calculator. It contains a number of icons that let you select the mode (work area) for the type of operation you want to perform. You can also make the Main Menu appear at any time by pressing m. The following explains the meaning of each icon. Icon Meaning Use this mode for arithmetic calculations and function calculations.
Getting Acquainted Chapter 1 uTo enter a mode Example To enter the RUN Mode from the Main Menu 1. Press m to display the Main Menu. 2. Use d, e, f, and c to move the highlighting to the RUN icon. 3. Press w to enter the RUN Mode. • You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting the number marked in the lower right corner of the icon. • When you enter a mode, up to four function key menu items appear at the bottom of the display.
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted 2. Key Table Alpha Lock Normally, once you press a and then a key to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard reverts to its primary functions immediately. If you press ! and then a, the keyboard locks in alpha input until you press a again.
Getting Acquainted Trace Page 6 6 45 Zoom Page Page 139 7 15 38 2 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 31 17 17 23 Page Sketch Page 24 23 V-Window Page Chapter 1 Page Page 30 30 82 21 16 Page Page Page 21 20 60 82 82 14 14 60 60 14 16 30 18 17 17 5
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted 3. Key Markings Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and easily. Function Key Operation 1 log 2 10 x !l 3 B al l The following describes the color coding used for key markings. Color Key Operation Orange Press ! and then the key to perform the marked function. Red Press a and then the key to perform the marked function. 4.
Getting Acquainted Chapter 1 2. Press !Z to display the mode’s set up screen. • This set up screen is just one possible example. Actual set up screen contents will differ according to the mode you are in and that mode’s current settings. 1 2 3 4 3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item whose setting you want to change. 4. Press the function key (1 to 4) that is marked with the setting you want to make. 5.
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted uAngle unit (Angle) 1 (Deg) ........ Specifies degrees as default. 2 (Rad) ........ Specifies default. radians as 3 (Gra) ......... Specifies grads as default. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 uStatistical Graph View Window Setting (S-Wind) P.120 1 (Auto) ........ Automatic setting of view window values for statistical graph drawing. P.120 2 (Man) ........ Manual setting of view window values for statistical graph drawing.
Getting Acquainted Chapter 1 [ 1 (List4) 2 (List5) 3 (List6) .... Table generation and graph drawing using list data. 1 2 3 [ 4 Press [ to return to the previous menu. Other menus for set up (Display, Simplfy, Frac) are described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up. Abbreviations STAT ............... Statistics PRGM ............. Program CONT.............. Contrast MEM ............... Memory 5.
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted • Direct Command Execution Example: Selecting executes the DRAW command. k Exponential Display The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this limit are automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format. You can specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to exponential display. Norm 1 ............ 10 –2 (0.01) > |x|, |x| > 1010 Norm 2 ............ 10 –9 (0.
Getting Acquainted Chapter 1 k Special Display Formats This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, and sexagesimal values. uFractions 12 .......... Indicates: 456 ––– 23 uSexagesimal Values .......... Indicates: 12° 34’ 56.78" • In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols, which are described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted 7. When you keep having problems… If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the following before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator. k Get the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings 1. In the Main Menu, select the RUN icon and press w. 2. Press ! Z to display the Set Up Screen. 3. Highlight “Angle” and press 2 (Rad). 4.
Chapter Basic Calculations In the RUN Mode you can perform arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) as well as calculations involving scientific functions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations 1. Addition and Subtraction Example 6.72 + 9.08 g.hc+j.aiw You can input the operation just as it is written. This capability is called “true algebraic logic.” Be sure to press A to clear the display before starting a new calculation. 2. Multiplication Example 3.71 × 4.27 Ad.hb* e.chw • The range of this calculator is –9.99999999 × 1099 to +9.99999999 × 1099. 3. Division Example 64 ÷ 4 Age/ew P.17 14 Parentheses also come in handy when performing division.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 uTo use parentheses in a calculation Example 1 2× 3+4 ––––––– 5 You should input this calculation as: (2 × 3 + 4) ÷ 5 A(c*d+e)/fw Example 2 6 ––––– 4×5 You can input this calculation as: 6 ÷ (4 × 5) or 6 ÷ 4 ÷ 5. Ag/(e*f)w Ag/e/fw 4. Quotient and Remainder Division This calculator can produce either the quotient or the quotient and remainder of division operations involving two integers.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations 2(Int÷)hw 1 2 3 4 • Remember that you can use only integers in quotient division operations. You cannot use expressions such as 2 or sin60 because their results have a decimal part. uTo perform remainder division Example To display the remainder produced by 857 ÷ 48 ifh3(Rmdr)eiw 1 2 3 4 Press Q to clear the Option Menu after you finish your remainder and quotient calculations. • Remember that you can use only integers in remainder division operations.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 (2) Parentheses Calculation Priority Sequence Expressions enclosed inside parentheses are always given priority in a calculation. Example 1 100 – (2 + 3) × 4 Abaa-(c+d) *ew Example 2 (7 – 2) × (8 + 5) • A multiplication sign immediately in front of an open parenthesis can be omitted. A(h-c)(i+f) w • Any closing parentheses at the end of a calculation can be omitted, no matter how many there are.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations (5) Rounding Example 74 ÷ 3 Ahe/dw The actual result of the above calculation is 24.66666666… (and so on to infinity), which the calculator rounds off. The calculator’s internal capacity is 15 digits for the values it uses for calculations, which avoids precision problems with consecutive operations that use the result of the previous operation. 6.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 (3) Replay While the result of a calculation is on the display, you can used and e to move the cursor to any position within the expression used to produce the result. This means you can back up and correct mistakes without having to input the entire calculation. You can also recall past calculations you have already cleared by pressing A. Operation The first press of e displays the cursor at the beginning of the expression, while d displays the cursor at the end.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations d(You could also press e.) ![d (See below for details on making corrections.) w (5) Making Corrections Use the d and e keys to move the cursor to the position you want to change, and then perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the calculation, you can execute it by pressing w, or use e to move to the end of the calculation and input more.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 ddddd ![ s • When you press ![a space is indicated by the symbol ‘‘t’’. The next function or value you input is inserted at the location of ‘‘t’’. To abort the insert operation without inputting anything, move the cursor, press ![again, or press d, e or w. 7. Using Variables A total of 26 variables, named A through Z, are available for assignment of numeric values. Variable contents are retained even when you turn the calculator off.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations uTo assign the same value to more than one variable Operation aaa3(~)aw Example To assign the result of 2 to variables A, B, C, D, and E A!9caaAa3(~) aEw uTo clear the contents of all variables In the Main Menu, select the MEM icon and press w. Select Memory Usage. w Press c to scroll the display until “Alpha” is highlighted.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 8. Fraction Calculations (1) Fraction Display and Input Example 1 3 Display of –– 4 Example 2 1 Display of 3 –– 4 Mixed fractions (such as 3 1/4) are input and displayed as: integer{numerator{denominator. Improper fractions (15/7) and proper fractions (such as 1/4) are input and displayed as: numerator{denominator. Use the $ key to input each part of a fraction.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations Example To convert the result of the previous example to a decimal and then back to a fraction M M uTo convert between proper and improper fractions Operation Mixed Fraction to Improper Fraction Conversion: !/ Improper Fraction to Mixed Fraction Conversion: !/ Example To convert the result of the previous example to an improper fraction and then back to a proper fraction !/ !/ • The calculator automatically reduces the results of fraction calculations.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 (3) Changing the Fraction Simplification Mode The initial default of the calculator is automatic simplification of fractions produced by fraction calculations. You can use the following operation to change the fraction simplification mode to manual. uTo change the fraction simplification mode Example To change the fraction simplification mode to manual !Z (Displays the Set Up Screen.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations K2(CALC)1(Simp)w 1 2 3 4 • F = 3 indicates that 3 is the divisor. • The calculator automatically selects the smallest possible divisor for simplification. Repeat the above operation to simplify again. 1(Simp)w 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Try once again. 1(Simp)w This display indicates that further simplification is impossible.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 9. Selecting Value Display Modes You can make specifications for three value display modes. Fix Mode This mode lets you specify the number of decimal places to be displayed. Sci Mode This mode lets you specify the number of significant digits to be displayed. Norm 1/Norm 2 Mode This mode determines at what point the display changes over to exponential display format. Display the Set Up Screen and use the f and c keys to highlight “Display”.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations u To specify the number of significant digits (Sci) 1. While the set-up screen is on the display, press 2 (Sci). 2. Press the function key that corresponds to the number of significant digits you want to set (0 to 9). • Press [ to display the next menu of numbers. Example To specify three significant digits 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 (Sci) 4 (3) Press the function key that corresponds to the number of significant digits you want to specify.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 uTo set the default angle unit Example To change the angle unit from radians to degrees !Z cc1(Deg) 1 2 3 4 • Once you change the angle unit setting, it remains in effect until you change it again using the set up screen. You also should check the set up screen to find out what the current angle unit setting is. k Converting Between Angle Units You can use the following procedure to input a value using an angle unit that is not the current default angle unit.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations k Trigonometric Function Calculations P.29 Always make sure that the default angle unit is set to the required default before performing trigonometric function calculations. uTo perform trigonometric function calculations Example 1 sin (63° 52' 41") Default angle unit: Degrees !Zcc1(Deg)Q sgdK[2(ANGL)[1(° ' ")fc1(° ' ")eb1(° ' ")w Result: 0.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 uTo perform logarithmic/exponential function calculations Example 1 log1.23 lb.cdw Result: 0.0899051114 Example 2 ln90 Ijaw Result: 4.49980967 Example 3 To calculate the anti-logarithm of common logarithm 1.23 (101.23) !0b.cdw Result: 16.98243652 Example 4 To calculate the anti-logarithm of natural logarithm 4.5 (e4.5 ) !ee.fw Result: 90.0171313 Example 5 (–3) = (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) 4 (-d)Mew Result: 81 Example 6 7 123 h!qbcdw Result: 1.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations Example Operation Display What is the absolute value of 3 the common logarithm of ? 4 K[1(NUM) | log 34 | = 0.1249387366 1(Abs)l(3/4)w 0.1249387366 What is the integer part of 7800 ? ––––– 96 K[1(NUM) 2(Int)(7800/96)w 81 What is the decimal part of 7800 ? ––––– 96 K[1(NUM) 3(Frac)(7800/96)w 0.25 200 ÷ 6 = ×3= Round the value used for internal calculations to 11 digits* 200/6w *3w 200/6w K[1(NUM)4(Rnd)w *3w 33.33333333 100 33.33333333 33.33333333 99.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 To calculate x and y when r = 25 and θ = 56° Example Operation Display !Zcc1(Deg)Q K[2(ANGL)[[ 2(Rec()25,56)w Ans 1 –13.979 – → 13.97982259 (x) 2 – 20.725 – → 20.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations k Calculation Priority Sequence The calculation priority sequence is the order that the calculator performs operations. Note the following rules about calculation priority sequence. • Expressions contained in parentheses are performed first. • When two or more expressions have the same priority, they are executed from right to left. Example 2 + 3 × (log sin2π 2 + 6.8) = 22.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 ^) • Display Result Command (^ When execution reaches the end of a statement followed by a display result command, execution stops and the result up to that point appears on the display. You can resume execution by pressing the w key. uTo use multistatements Example 6.9 × 123 = 848.7 123 ÷ 3.2 = 38.4375 AbcdaaA !W[[3(:) g.j*aA!W[2(^) aA/d.cw Intermediate result at point where “^” is used.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations k Errors An error message appears on the display and calculation stops whenever the calculator detects some problem. Press A to clear the error message. The following is a list of all the error messages and what they mean. Ma ERROR - (Mathematical Error) • A value outside the range of ±9.99999999 × 10 99 was generated during a calculation, or an attempt was made to store such a value in memory.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 k Memory Status (MEM) You can check how much memory is used for storage for each type of data. You can also see how many bytes of memory are still available for storage. uTo check the memory status 1. In the Main Menu, select the MEM icon and press w. 2. Press w again to display the memory status screen. Number of bytes still free 3. Use f and c to move the highlighting and view the amount of memory (in bytes) used for storage of each type of data.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations 2. Press 1 (DEL). 1(DEL) 1 2 3 4 3. Press 1 (YES) to clear the data or 4 (NO) to abort the operation without clearing anything. k Variable Data (VARS) Menu You can use the variable data menu to recall the data listed below. • View Window values • Enlargement/reduction factor • Single-variable/paired-variable statistical data • Graph functions • Table & Graph table range and table contents To recall variable data, press J to display the variable data menu.
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 1 (Xmin) ....... x -axis minimum 2 (Xmax) ...... x -axis maximum 3 (Xscl) ........ x -axis scale [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 (Ymin) ....... y -axis minimum 2 (Ymax) ...... y -axis maximum 3 (Yscl) ........ y -axis scale [ 1 (Tmin) ....... Minimum of T 2 (Tmax) ...... Maximum of T 3 (Tpth) ........ Pitch of T Press [ to return to the previous menu.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations The following menu appears whenever you press 1 (X), while the statistical data menu is on the display. 1 (X) 1 (n) ............. Number of data 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (o ) ............. Mean of x data 3 (Σx) ........... Sum of x data 4 (Σx2) .......... x data sum of squares [ 1 (x σn ) ......... x data population standard deviation 2 (x σn -1) ....... x data sample standard deviation 3 (minX) ....... x data minimum value 4 (maxX) ......
Basic Calculations Chapter 2 The following menu appears whenever you press 3 (GRPH) while the statistical data menu is on the display. 3 (GRPH) 1 2 3 4 [ 1(a)-3(c) ... Statistical graph regression coefficient and multinomial coefficients 4 (r) ............. Statistical graph correlation coefficient [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 (Q1) .......... First quartile 2 (Med) ........ Median of input data 3 (Q3) .......... Third quartile 4 (Mod) ........ Mode of input data Press [ to return to the previous menu.
Chapter 2 Basic Calculations Input a storage area number and then press one of the following function keys to recall the corresponding graph function stored in that storage area. 1 (Y) ............ Rectangular coordinate or inequality function 2 (Xt) ........... Parametric graph function Xt 3 (Yt) ........... Parametric graph function Yt uTo recall Table & Graph table range and table content data Pressing [ and then 3 (TABL) while the variable data menu is on the screen displays a Table & Graph data menu.
Chapter 3 Differential Calculations
Chapter 3 Differential Calculations • To perform differential calculations, first display the Option Menu, and then input the values shown in the formula below.
Differential Calculations Chapter 3 This average, which is called the central difference , is expressed as: 1 f (a + ∆x) – f (a) f (a) – f (a – ∆x) f '(a) = –– ––––––––––––– + ––––––––––––– 2 ∆x ∆x f (a + ∆x) – f (a – ∆x) = ––––––––––––––––– 2∆x uTo perform a differential calculation Example To determine the derivative at point x = 3 for the function y = x 3 + 4 x 2 + x – 6, when the increase/decrease of x is defined as ∆ x = 1E – 5 Input the function f(x).
Chapter 3 Differential Calculations • Pressing A during calculation of a differential (while the cursor is not shown on the display) interrupts the calculation. • Always perform trigonometric differentials using radians (Rad Mode) as the angle unit.
Chapter 4 Graphing A collection of versatile graphing tools plus a large 79 × 47-dot display makes it easy to draw a variety of function graphs quickly and easily. This calculator is capable of drawing the following types of graphs. • Rectangular coordinate (Y =) graphs • Parametric graphs • Inequality graphs • A selection of graph commands also makes it possible to incorporate graphing into programs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Chapter 4 Graphing 1. Before Trying to Draw a Graph k Entering the Graph Mode On the Main Menu, select the GRAPH icon and enter the GRAPH Mode. When you do, the Graph Function (G-Func) menu appears on the display. You can use this menu to store, edit, and recall functions and to draw their graphs. Memory area Use f and c to change selection. 1 2 3 4 1 (SEL) ........ Draw/non-draw status 2 (DEL) ........ Graph delete 4 (DRAW) .... Draws graph 2.
Graphing Chapter 4 2. Input a value for a parameter and press w. The calculator automatically selects the next parameter for input. • You can also select a parameter using the c and f keys. Ymin ................ Minimum y-axis value Ymax ............... Maximum y -axis value Yscl ................. Spacing of y-axis increments The following illustration shows the meaning of each of these parameters. X min Y max X scl (x, y) Y scl X max Y min 3. Input a value for a parameter and press w.
Chapter 4 Graphing 4. To exit the View Window, press Q. • Pressing w without inputting any value also exits the View Window. • The following is the input range for View Window parameters. –9.99E+97 to 9.999E+97 • You can input parameter values up to 7 digits long. Values greater than 106 or less than 10-1, are automatically converted to a 4-digit mantissa (including negative sign) plus a 2-digit exponent. • The only keys that enabled while the View Window is on the display are: a to j, .
Graphing Chapter 4 b. Press ! 3 (V-Window) 2 (TRIG) to initialize the View Window to the following settings. Deg Mode Xmin = –360 Ymin = –1.6 Xmax = 360 Ymax = 1.6 Xscl Yscl 0.5 = 90 = Rad Mode Xmin = –6.28318 Xmax = 6.28318 Xscl = 1.57079 Gra Mode Xmin = –400 Xmax = 400 Xscl = 100 • The settings for Ymin, Ymax, Ypitch, Tmin, Tmax, and Tpitch remain unchanged when you press 2 (TRIG).
Chapter 4 Graphing 3. Graph Function Operations You can store up to 10 functions in memory. Functions in memory can be edited, recalled, and graphed. The types of functions that can be stored in memory are: rectangular coordinate functions, parametric functions, and inequalities. k Specifying the Graph Type Before you can store a graph function in memory, you must first specify its graph type. 1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press [ to display a Graph Type Menu. [ 1 (Y =) .........
Graphing Chapter 4 • You will not be able to store the expression in an area that already contains a parametric function. Select another area to store your expression or delete the existing parametric function first. This also applies when storing inequalities. uTo store a parametric function Example To store the following functions in memory areas Xt2 and Yt2: x = 3 sin T y = 3 cos T [2(Parm) (Specifies parametric expression.) dsTw (Inputs and stores x expression.
Chapter 4 Graphing k Editing Functions in Memory uTo edit a function in memory Example To change the expression in memory area Y1 from y = 2x2 – 5 to y = 2 x2 – 3 e (Displays cursor.) eeeed (Changes contents.) w (Stores new graph function.) uTo delete a function 1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press f or c to display the cursor and move the highlighting to the area that contains the function you want to delete. 2. Press 2 (DEL). 1 2 3 4 3.
Graphing Chapter 4 Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –5 Ymin = –5 Xmax = 5 Ymax = 5 Xscl Yscl = 1 = 1 ccc (Select a memory area that contains a function for which you want to specify non-draw.) 1 2 3 4 1 Unhighlights 2 3 4 1(SEL) (Specify non-draw.) 4(DRAW) or w (Draws the graphs.) • Pressing u or A returns to the Graph Function Menu.
Chapter 4 Graphing [ 1 (Y >) ......... Y > f (x ) inequality 1 2 2 (Y <) ......... Y < f (x ) inequality 3 (Y ≥) ......... Y > f (x ) inequality 4 (Y ≤) ......... Y < f (x ) inequality Press [ to return to the previous menu. uTo graph using rectangular coordinates (Y =) You can graph functions that can be expressed in the format y = f (x ). To graph y = 2x 2 + 3 x – 4 Example Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –5 Ymin = –10 Xmax = 5 Ymax = 10 Xscl Yscl = 2 = 5 1.
Graphing Chapter 4 uTo graph parametric functions You can graph parametric functions that can be expressed in the following format. (X, Y) = ( f (T), g (T)) Example To graph the following parametric functions: x = 7 cos T – 2 cos 3T y = 7 sin T – 2 sin 3T Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin Xmax Xscl Tmin Tptch = –20 = 20 = 5 = 0 = π÷36 Ymin Ymax Yscl Tmax = –12 = 12 = 5 = 2π 1. In the set-up screen, specify the appropriate graph type for F-Type. !Z2(Parm) 2.
Chapter 4 Graphing Example To graph the inequality y > x2 – 2x – 6 Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –6 Ymin = –10 Xmax = 6 Ymax = 10 Xscl Yscl = 1 = 5 1. In the set-up screen, specify the appropriate graph type for F-Type. !Z[1(Y>)Q 2. Input the inequality. A!4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w 2(GRPH)[1(Y>) Tx-cT-g 3. Press w to draw the graph. w 5.
Graphing Chapter 4 k Trace With trace, you can move a flashing pointer along a graph with the f, c, d, and e cursor keys and obtain readouts of coordinates at each point. The following shows the different types of coordinate readouts produced by trace.
Chapter 4 Graphing • Pressing d and e moves the pointer along the graph. Holding down either key moves the pointer at high speed. 3. Use f and c to move the pointer between the two graphs. 4. Use e to move the pointer to the other intersection. e~e • To quit the trace operation, press 1 (TRCE) again. uScrolling When the graph you are tracing runs off the display along either the x- or y-axis, pressing the e or d cursor key causes the screen to scroll in the corresponding direction eight dots.
Graphing Example Chapter 4 To graph y = A x – 3, substituting 3, 1, and –1 for the value of A 2 Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –5 Ymin = –10 Xmax = 5 Ymax = 10 Xscl Yscl = 1 = 2 [1(Y =) (Specifies graph type.) aATx-d, ![aA!=d, b,-b!]w 1 2 3 4 (Stores expression.) 4(DRAW) or w (Draws graph.) ↓ ↓ • The function that is input using the above syntax can have only one variable. • You cannot use X, Y or T as the variable name.
Chapter 4 Graphing k Zoom The zoom feature lets you enlarge and reduce a graph on the display. uBefore using zoom Immediately after drawing a graph, press !2 (ZOOM) to display the Zoom Menu. !2(ZOOM) 1 2 3 4 [ 3 4 [ 1 (BOX) ....... Graph enlargement using box zoom 2 (FACT) ...... Displays screen for specification of zoom factors 3 (IN) ........... Enlarges graph using zoom factors 4 (OUT) ....... Reduces graph using zoom factors [ 1 1 (ORIG) ......
Graphing Chapter 4 2. Press 1 (BOX), and then use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the pointer to the location of one of the corners of the box you want to draw on the screen. Press w to specify the location of the corner. 1(BOX) d ~ dw 3. Use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the location of the corner that is diagonally across from the first corner. f~ fd ~d 4. Press w to specify the location of the second corner.
Chapter 4 Graphing Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –8 Ymin = –30 Xmax = 8 Ymax = 30 Xscl Yscl = 5 = 10 1. After graphing the functions, press !2 (ZOOM), and the pointer appears on the screen. !2(ZOOM) 2. Use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the pointer to the location that you want to be the center of the new display. d~df~ f 1 2 3 4 3. Press 2 (FACT) to display the factor specification screen, and input the factor for the x- and y-axes. 2(FACT) fwfw 4.
Graphing Chapter 4 • The above procedure automatically converts the x -range and y -range View Window values to 1/5 of their original settings. • You can repeat the factor zoom procedure more than once to further enlarge or reduce the graph. uTo initialize the zoom factor Press ! 2 (ZOOM) 2 (FACT) 1 (INIT) to initialize the zoom factor to the following settings. Xfct = 2 Yfct = 2 • You can use the following syntax to incorporate a factor zoom operation into a program.
Chapter 4 Graphing [ 1 2 3 4 • Other menu items are identical to those in the STAT, GRAPH, TABLE Mode menu. The Sketch function lets you draw lines and plot points on a graph that is already on the screen. All the examples in this section that show operations in the STAT, GRAPH or TABLE Mode are based on the assumption that the following function has already been graphed in the GRAPH Mode. Memory Area Y1: y = x(x + 2)(x – 2) The following are the View Window parameters used when drawing the graph.
Graphing Chapter 4 In the RUN or PRGM Mode The following is the syntax for plotting points in these modes. Plot , Example To plot a point at (2, 2) Use the following View Window parameters. Xmin = –5 Ymin = –10 Xmax = 5 Ymax = 10 Xscl Yscl = 1 = 2 1. After entering the RUN Mode, display the sketch menu and perform the following operation. !4(SKTCH)1(Cls)w 3(PLOT)1(Plot)c,c 2. Press w.
Chapter 4 Graphing uTo turn plot points on and off in the STAT, GRAPH and TABLE Modes • To turn a plot point on 1. After drawing a graph, display the sketch menu and then perform the following operation to make the pointer appear at the center of the screen. !4(SKTCH)3(PLOT)2(P-On) 2. Use the cursor keys (f, c, d, e) to move the pointer to the location where you want to plot a point and then press w.
Graphing Chapter 4 uTo draw a line between two plotted points In the STAT, GRAPH or TABLE Mode Example To draw a line between the two points of inflection on the graph of y = x (x + 2)(x – 2) Use the same View Window parameters as in the example on page 66. 1. After graphing the function, display the sketch menu and perform the following operation to cause the pointer to appear on the graph screen. !4(SKTCH)3(PLOT)1(Plot) 2.
Chapter 4 Graphing uTo draw a line in the STAT, GRAPH and TABLE Modes Example To draw a line between two points of inflection on the graph of y = x (x + 2)(x – 2) 1. After graphing the function, display the sketch menu and perform the following operation to cause the pointer to appear on the graph screen. !4(SKTCH)4(LINE)2(F-Lin) 2. Use the cursor keys (f, c, d, e) to move the pointer to one of the points of inflection and press w. d ~ df ~ f w 3.
Graphing Chapter 4 In the RUN or PRGM Mode Example To draw a line perpendicular to the x -axis from point (x , y ) = (2, 6) on the graph y = 3x Use the following View Window parameters: Xmin = –2 Ymin = –2 Xmax = 5 Ymax = 10 Xscl Yscl = 1 = 2 1. After drawing the graph, use the procedure under “To plot points” to move the pointer to (x , y ) = (2, 0), then use the cursor key (f) to move the pointer on the graph y = 3x . u !4(SKTCH)3(PLOT)1(Plot) c,awwf~f 2.
Chapter 4 Graphing 2. Use the d and e cursor keys to move the line left and right, and press w to draw the line at the current location. e ~ ew • To draw a horizontal line, simply press 2 (Hztl) in place of 1 (Vert), and use the f and c cursor keys to move the horizontal line on the display. In the RUN or PRGM Mode The following is the syntax for drawing vertical and horizontal lines in these modes.
Chapter 5 Table & Graph The Table & Graph menu makes it possible to generate numeric tables from functions stored in memory. You can also use multiple functions to generate tables. Since Table & Graph uses the same list of functions that the GRAPH Mode uses for graphing, there is no need to input the same functions in different modes. • You can specify the range and increment of values assigned to variables for table value generation. • You can assign list values to variables.
Chapter 5 Table and Graph To enter the Table Mode, press m to display the Main Menu, use the cursor keys to select the TABLE icon, and then press w. This is the initial Table Mode screen. To generate a table, you must first specify the variable range. P.8 The menu at the bottom of the display looks like the one shown here when the Var item of the set-up screen is set to a list name (indicating that variable values should be obtained from a list). 1.
Table and Graph Chapter 5 uTo assign values automatically within a specified range Example To assign values from –3 to 3, in increments of 1 (seven values total) 3(RANG) -dwdwbw Strt: ................. Variable x start value End: ................ Variable x end value ptch: ................ Variable x value change To interrupt automatic assignment of variables and return to the function storage screen, press Q. uTo assign values from a list Press ! Z to display the set-up screen.
Chapter 5 Table and Graph 4. Generating a Numeric Table Before actually generating a numeric table, you must first select the functions you want to use. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the function you want to use and then press 1 (SEL) to select it. The “=” symbols of selected functions are highlighted on the display. You can select more than one function for table generation. In this display, Y1 and Y3 are selected. 1 2 3 4 Press 4 (TABL) or w to generate a numeric table.
Table and Graph Chapter 5 5. Editing a Table You can use the editing screen to add lines to or delete lines from an existing table. Press 2 (ROW) to display the Table Editing Menu. 2(ROW) 1 2 3 4 1 (DEL) ........ Deletes line where cursor is located. 2 (INS) ......... Inserts new line where cursor is located. 3 (ADD) ....... Insert new line below line where cursor is located. 6.
Chapter 5 Table and Graph P.48 Graphing a table whose values were generated using more than one function causes the graphs of all the functions to be drawn at the same time. You can set x- and yaxis parameters using the View Window. Press u or A to return to the numeric table screen from a graph. Pressing u again goes back to the graph. You can use u to switch between the graph and its table as long as you do not clear the graph. 7.
Chapter List Function A list is a kind of container that you can use to store multiple data items. This calculator lets you have up to six lists in memory, and their contents can be used in arithmetic calculations, statistical calculations and for graphing. Element number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2. 3. 4. List 1 56 37 21 69 40 48 93 30 • • • • Display range List 2 107 75 122 87 298 48 338 49 • • • • Cell List 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • Column List 4 3.5 6 2.1 4.4 3 6.8 2 8.
Chapter 6 List Function k List Data Linking Operation Graph List operation Example: List 1 + List 2 {1, 2, 3} + {4, 5, 6} List 1 + 3 List internal operations Graphing with list data Example: Y1=List 1X a LIST Copying table result to a list w K List data can be assigned to a variable for generation of a table (defined using set-up screen). 1(LIST) 2(LMEM) S pecific selected data can be copied to a list.
List Function Chapter 6 1. List Operations Select the LIST icon in the Main Menu and enter the LIST Mode to input data into a list and to manipulate list data. uTo input values one-by-one Use d and e to move between lists, and f and c to move between cells inside of a list. The screen automatically scrolls when the cursor is located at the edge of the screen. For our example, we will start by locating the cursor in Cell 1 of List 1. 1. Input a value and press w to store it in the list. dw 2.
Chapter 6 List Function uTo batch input a series of values 1. Use f to move the cursor to the list name. ffff 2. Use d or e to move the cursor to another list. e 3. Press !{, and then input the values you want, pressing , between each one. Press !} after inputting the final value. !{g,h,i!} 4. Press w to store all of the values in your list. w • Remember that a comma separates values, so you should not input a comma after the final value of the set you are inputting.
List Function Chapter 6 uTo delete a cell 1. Use d, e, f, or c to move the cursor to the cell you want to delete. cd 2. Press [ to display the Cell Operation Menu. [ 1 2 3 4 3. Press 1 (DEL) to delete the selected cell and cause everything below it to be shifted up. 1(DEL) • Note that the above cell delete operation does not affect cells in other lists.
Chapter 6 List Function 2. Press [ to display the Cell Operation Menu (if it is not already displayed). [ 1 2 3 4 3. Press 2 (DEL-A). The function menu changes to confirm whether you really want to delete all the cells in the list. 2(DEL-A) 1 2 3 4 4. Press 1 (YES) to delete all the cells in the selected list or 4 (NO) to abort the delete operation without deleting anything. 1(YES) uTo insert a new cell Use d, e, f, or c to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the new cell.
List Function Chapter 6 3. Input the value you want into the new cell (4 in our example) and press w. ew • Note that the above cell insert operation does not affect cells in other lists. If the data in the list where you insert a cell is somehow related to the data in neighboring lists, inserting a cell can cause related values to become misaligned. k Sorting List Values You can sort lists into either ascending order or descending order.
Chapter 6 List Function Descending order Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only difference is that you should press 2 (SRT-D) in place of 1 (SRT-A). uTo sort multiple lists You can link multiple lists together for a sort so that all of their cells are rearranged in accordance with the sorting of a base list.
List Function Chapter 6 3. Manipulating List Data List data can be used in arithmetic and function calculations. There is also a collection of powerful list data manipulation functions that let you do the following.
Chapter 6 List Function uTo replace all cell values with the same value (Fill) K 1 (LIST) 4 (Fill) , 1 (List) ) w Example To replace all values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) with the number 3 AK1(LIST)4(Fill) d,1(List)b)w The following shows the new contents of List 1. uTo generate a sequence of numbers (Seq) K 1 (LIST) [1 (Seq) , , , , ) w • The result of this operation is also stored in Ans Memory.
List Function Chapter 6 uTo find the minimum value in a list (Min) K 1 (LIST) [ 2 (Min) [ [ 1 (List) ) w Example To find the minimum value in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) AK1(LIST)[2(Min) [[1(List)b)w uTo find the maximum value in a list (Max) Use the same procedure as when finding the minimum value, except press 3 (Max) in place of 2 (Min).
Chapter 6 List Function Example To calculate the mean of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) AK1(LIST)[4(Mean) [[1(List)b)w uTo calculate the mean of values of specified frequency (Mean) This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that contains the number of occurrences of each value. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the first list is indicated by the value in Cell 1 of the second list, etc. • The two lists must contain the same number of data items.
List Function Chapter 6 uTo calculate the sum of values in a list (Sum) K 1 (LIST) [ [ 2 (Sum) [ 1 (List) w Example To calculate the sum of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) AK1(LIST)[[2(Sum) [1(List)bw 4. Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists You can perform arithmetic calculations using either two lists or one list and a numeric value. List Numeric Value + − × ÷ Ans Memory List = Numeric Value List Calculation results are stored in Ans Memory.
Chapter 6 List Function 2. Press 1 (LIST) to display the List Data Manipulation Menu. 1(LIST) 1 2 3 4 3. Press 1 (List) to display the “List” command and input the number of the list you want to specify. 1(List)g (Input List 6.) uTo directly input a list of values You can also directly input a list of values using {, }, and ,. Example To multiply List 3 41 65 22 by the list 6 0 4 K1(LIST)1(List)d*!{g,a,e!}w The resulting list 246 0 is stored in Ans Memory.
List Function Chapter 6 uTo input a value into a specific cell You can input a value into a specific cell inside a list. When you do, the value that was previously stored in the cell is replaced with the new value you input.
Chapter 6 List Function k Performing Scientific Function Calculations Using a List Lists can be used just as numeric values are in scientific function calculations. When the calculation produces a list as a result, the list is stored in Ans Memory. Example 1 To use List 3 41 65 22 to perform sin (List 3) Use radians as the angle unit sK1(LIST)1(List)dw –0.158 0.8268 The resulting list is stored in Ans Memory. –8E–3 In place of 1 (List) d in the above procedure, you could input !{eb,g f,cc!}.
Chapter Statistical Graphs and Calculations This chapter describes how to input statistical data into lists, and how to calculate the mean, maximum and other statistical values. It also tells you how to perform regression calculations. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations 1. Before Performing Statistical Calculations In the Main Menu, select the STAT icon to enter the STAT Mode and display the statistical data lists. Use the statistical data lists to input data and to perform statistical calculations. Use f, c, d and e to move the highlighting around the lists. P.97 1 (GRPH) .... Graph menu P.121 2 (CALC) ..... Statistical calculation menu P.85 3 (SRT•A) .... Ascending sort P.86 4 (SRT•D) ....
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 k Inputting Data into Lists Input the two groups of data into List 1 and List 2. a.fwb.cw c.ewewf.cw e -c.bwa.dw b.fwcwc.ew Once data is input, you can use it for graphing and statistical calculations. • Input values can be up to 10 digits long (9-digit mantissa and 2-digit exponent when using exponential format). Values in statistical data table cells are shown only up to six digits.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations k Plotting a Scatter Diagram It is often difficult to spot the relationship between two sets of data (such as height and shoe size) by simply looking at the numbers. Such relationships often become clear however, when we plot the data on a graph, using one set as x -values and the other set as y-values.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 2. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the graph whose draw (On)/non-draw (Off) status you want to change and press 1 (On) or 2 (Off). 3. To return to the graph menu, press Q. uTo draw a graph Example To draw a scatter diagram of Graph 3 only 1(GRPH)[1(SEL) 2(Off) cc1(On) 1 2 3 4 4(DRAW) 2.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations uTo display the general graph settings (SET) screen While the graph menu is on the display, press [4 (SET) to display the general graph settings screen. 1(GRPH) [4(SET) • The settings shown here are examples only. The settings on your general graph settings screen may differ. uTo select the StatGraph area 1. While the general graph settings screen is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the StatGraph item. 1 2 3 4 2.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 (Hist) ......... Histogram 2 (Box) ......... Med-box graph 3 (N•Dis) ...... Normal distribution curve [ 1 (X) ............ Linear regression graph 2 (Med) ........ Med-Med graph 3 (X^2) ......... Quadratic regression graph [ 1 (Log) ......... Logarithmic regression graph 2 (Exp) ......... Exponential regression graph 3 (Pwr) ......... Power regression graph [ 1 (Bar) .........
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations 2. Use the function key menu to select the name of the statistical data list whose values you want on the x -axis of the graph. 1 (List1) ....... List 1 2 (List2) ....... List 2 3 (List3) ....... List 3 4 (List4) ....... List 4 [ 1 (List5) ....... List 5 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (List6) ....... List 6 Press [ to return to the previous menu. uTo select the y-axis data list (YList) 1.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 uTo select the frequency data list (Freq) 1. While the general graph settings screen is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the Freq item. 1 2 3 4 [ 2. Use the function key menu to select the frequency setting you want. 1 (1) ............. Plot all data (1-to-1) 2 (List1) ....... List 1 data is frequency data. 3 (List2) ....... List 2 data is frequency data. 4 (List3) ....... List 3 data is frequency data. [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 (List4) ...
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations u To select the data list for a pie chart, stacked bar chart, bar graph or line graph (Data) 1. While the graph settings screen is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the Data item. 1 2 3 4 [ 2. Use the function key menu to select the name of the statistical data list whose values you want to use. 1 (List1) ....... List 1 2 (List2) ....... List 2 3 (List3) ....... List 3 4 (List4) ....... List 4 [ 1 (List5) .......
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 3. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the Line item. 1 2 3 4 [ 4. Use the function key menu to select the name of the statistical data list whose values you want to use. 1 (List1) ....... List 1 2 (List2) ....... List 2 3 (List3) ....... List 3 4 (List4) ....... List 4 [ 1 (List5) ....... List 5 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (List6) ....... List 6 Press [ to return to the previous menu. k Drawing an xy Line Graph P.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations [ 1 2 3 4 1 (Log) ......... Logarithmic regression 2 (Exp) ......... Exponential regression 3 (Pwr) ......... Power regression 4 (2VAR) ...... Paired-variable statistical results Press [ to return to the previous menu. k Displaying Statistical Calculation Results Whenever you perform a regression calculation, the regression formula parameter (such as a and b in the linear regression y = ax + b ) calculation results appear on the display.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Example Chapter 7 To graph a logarithmic regression While logarithmic regression parameter calculation results are on the display, press 4 (DRAW). 4(DRAW) P.105 For details on the meanings of function menu items at the bottom of the display, see “Selecting the Regression Type”. 3. Calculating and Graphing SingleVariable Statistical Data Single-variable data is data with only a single variable.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations Q1 Med Q3 minX maxX k Normal Distribution Curve The normal distribution curve is graphed using the following normal distribution function. y= P.101 (G-Type) (N•Dis) 1 (2 π) xσn e – (x – x) 2 2xσn 2 The distribution of characteristics of items manufactured according to some fixed standard (such as component length) fall within normal distribution. The more data items there are, the closer the distribution is to normal distribution.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 The following describes the meaning of each of the parameters. _ x ...................... Mean of data Σx .................... Sum of data Σx 2 .................. Sum of squares xσn .................. Population standard deviation xσn -1 ................ Sample standard deviation n ...................... Number of data items minX ................ Minimum Q1 ................... First quartile Med ................. Median Q3 ...................
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations • Performing a trace operation (!1 (TRCE)) while a pie chart is on the display causes the pointer to appear at the topmost segment. Pressing e and d moves the pointer to neighboring segments. • While a pie graph is on the display, you can toggle between the two data formats (percent and data) by pressing !4 (CHNG). • You cannot draw multiple pie charts on the same screen. • Percent values shown on pie charts are cut off to two decimal places.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 • Only positive data can be included in a stacked bar chart. Attempting to draw a stacked bar chart for a list that includes negative data causes an error (Ma ERROR). • A stacked bar chart cannot be superimposed with another graph. • View Window settings are not applied to stacked bar charts. • The following display shows what happens if you perform a trace operation (! 1 (TRCE)) while a stacked bar chart is on the display.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations Example To input the following data into List 1 and use it to draw a bar graph: 18.0, 13.5, 4.5, 31.5, 22.5 1(GRPH)[4(SET) 1(GPH1)c [[[[1(Bar)c 1(List1)Q 1(GRPH)1(GPH1) • A bar graph can have up to 14 data items. Attempting to draw a bar graph for a list that has more than 14 data items causes an error (Dim ERROR). P.8 • The x-axis of a bar graph is fixed.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 • Pressing ! 1 (TRCE) while a line graph is on the display activates the trace operation. Use d and e to move the pointer. • You cannot draw multiple line graphs on the same screen. k Bar Graph and Line Graph P.101 (G-Type) (Both) P.8 From the statistical data list, press 1 (GRPH) to display the graph menu, press [4 (SET), and then change the graph type of the graph you want to use (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3) to Both.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations 4. Calculating and Graphing PairedVariable Statistical Data Under “Plotting a Scatter Diagram,” we displayed a scatter diagram and then performed a logarithmic regression calculation. Let’s use the same procedure to look at the six regression functions. k Linear Regression Graph P.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 k Med-Med Graph P.105 When it is suspected that there are a number of extreme values, a Med-Med graph can be used in place of the least squares method. This is also a type of linear regression, but it minimizes the effects of extreme values. It is especially useful in producing highly reliable linear regression from data that includes irregular fluctuations, such as seasonal surveys.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations The following are the meanings of the above parameters. a ...... Regression second coefficient b ...... Regression first coefficient c ...... Regression constant term ( y-intercept) k Logarithmic Regression Graph P.106 Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x . The standard logarithmic regression formula is y = a + b × logx, so if we say that X = log x, the formula corresponds to linear regression formula y = a + bX.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 4(DRAW) The following are the meanings of the above parameters. a ...... Regression coefficient b ...... Regression constant term r ...... Correlation coefficient k Power Regression Graph P.106 Exponential regression expresses y as a proportion of the power of x . The standard power regression formula is y = a × x b, so if we take the logarithms of both sides we get logy = loga + b × logx .
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations k Displaying Paired-Variable Statistical Results P.106 Paired-variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values. When these graphs are displayed, the menu at the bottom of the screen appears as below. [ 1 2 3 4 4(2VAR) ....... Paired-variable calculation result menu Pressing 4 (2VAR) displays the following screen. 4(2VAR) • Use c to scroll the list so you can view the items that run off the bottom of the screen.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations 1 Chapter 7 2 3 4 3 (COPY) ..... Stores the displayed regression formula to the GRAPH Mode 4 (DRAW) .... Graphs the displayed regression formula 1. Press 3 (COPY) to copy the regression formula that produced the displayed data to the GRAPH Mode. 3(COPY) Note that you cannot edit regression formulas for graph formulas in the GRAPH Mode. 2. Press w to save the copied graph formula and return to the previous regression calculation result display. k Multiple Graphs P.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations • The text at the top of the screen indicates the currently selected graph (StatGraph 1 = Graph 1, StatGraph 2 = Graph 2, StatGraph 3 = Graph 3). 1. Use f and c to change the currently selected graph. The graph name at the top of the screen changes when you do. c 2. When graph you want to use is selected, press w. P.108 P.
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 2(Man) Q(Returns to previous menu.) 1(GRPH)1(GPH1) Here we will illustrate this operation by making histogram settings for Graph 1. The following are the meanings of the items that appear in this screen. Strt .................. Histogram start point (x -coordinate) ptch ................. Bar spacing (specify as scale unit) Example Strt: 0, ptch: 10 While the statistical data list is on the display, perform the following procedure.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations The following is the meaning for each item. 1VarX .............. Specifies list where single-variable statistic x values (XList) are located. 1VarF .............. Specifies list where single-variable frequency values (Frequency) are located. 2VarX .............. Specifies list where paired-variable statistic x values (XList) are located. 2VarY .............. Specifies list where paired-variable statistic y values (YList) are located. 2VarF ..............
Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 Now you can press f and c to view variable characteristics. P.118 For details on the meanings of these statistical values, see “Displaying Paired-Variable Statistical Results”. k Regression Calculation In the explanations from "Linear Regression Graph" to "Power Regression Graph," regression calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn. Here, the regression line and regression curve is represented by mathematical expressions.
Chapter 7 Statistical Graphs and Calculations Example To perform power regression using the following data and estimate the values of and when xi = 40 and yi = 1000 xi (List 1) yi (List 2) 28 2410 30 3033 33 3895 35 38 4491 5717 1. In the Main Menu, select the STAT icon and enter the STAT Mode. 2. Input data into the list and draw the power regression graph.
Chapter Programming 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Chapter 8 Programming 1. Before Programming The programming function helps to make complex, often-repeated calculations quick and easy. Commands and calculations are executed sequentially, just like the manual calculation multistatements. Multiple programs can be stored under file names for easy recall and editing. File Name File Name Program Program File Name Program Select the PRGM icon in the Main Menu and enter the PRGM Mode. When you do, a program list appears on the display.
Programming Chapter 8 2. Programming Examples Example 1 To calculate the surface area and volume of three regular octahedrons of the dimensions shown in the table below Store the calculation formula under the file name OCTA. Length of One Side (A) A Surface Area (S) Volume (V) 7 cm cm2 cm3 10 cm cm2 cm3 15 cm cm2 cm3 The following are the formulas used for calculating surface area S and volume V of a regular octahedron for which the length of one side is known.
Chapter 8 Programming • Pressing 4 (SYBL) displays a menu of symbols that can be input. 4(SYBL) 1 2 3 4 • You can delete a character while inputting a file name by moving the cursor to the character you want to delete and pressing D. 3. Press w to register the file name and change to the program input screen. File name w • Registering a file name uses 17 bytes of memory. • The file name input screen remains on the display if you press w without inputting a file name.
Programming Chapter 8 uTo change modes in a program P.2 • Pressing 3 (MENU) while the program input screen is on the display causes a mode change menu to appear. You can use this menu to input mode changes into your programs. For details on each of these modes, see “Using the Main Menu”, as well as the sections of this manual that describe what you can do in each mode. 3(MENU) 1 P.6 2 3 4 • Pressing ! Z displays a menu of commands that can be used to change set up screen settings inside a program.
Chapter 8 Programming Surface Area S ... c*!9d*aAxw Volume V ............ !9c/d*aAMdw If you simply input the manual calculations shown above however, the calculator would execute them from beginning to end, without stopping. The following commands make it possible to interrupt a calculation for input of values and display of intermediate results. ? : This command pauses program execution and displays a question mark as a prompt for input of a value to assign to a variable.
Programming 1 Chapter 8 2 3 4 1 (EXE) or w hw (Value of A) Intermediate result produced by ^ w w baw w • Pressing w while the program’s final result is on the display re-executes the program. P.149 • You can also run a program while in the RUN Mode by inputting: Prog ”” w. • An error (Go ERROR) occurs if the program specified by Prog ”” cannot be found.
Chapter 8 Programming 3. Debugging a Program A problem in a program that keeps the program from running correctly is called a “bug,” and the process of eliminating such problems is called “debugging.” Either of the following symptoms indicates that your program contains bugs and that debugging is required.
Programming Chapter 8 5. Secret Function When inputting a program, you can protect it with a password that limits access to the program contents to those who know the password. Password protected programs can be executed by anyone without inputting the password. uTo register a password Example To create a program file under the name AREA and protect it with the password CASIO 1. While the program list is on the display, press 3 (NEW) and input the file name of the new program file.
Chapter 8 Programming uTo recall a program Example To recall the file named AREA which is protected by the password CASIO 1. In the program list, use f and c to move the highlighting to the name of the program you want to recall. 2. Press 2 (EDIT). 2(EDIT) 3. Input the password and press w to recall the program. • The message “Mismatch” appears if you input the wrong password. 6. Searching for a File You can search for a specific file name using any of the three following methods.
Programming Chapter 8 uTo find a file using file name search Example To use file name search to recall the program named OCTA 1. While the program list is on the display, press 3 (NEW) and input the name of the file you want to find. 3(NEW) OCTA 2. Press w to recall the program. • If there is no program whose file name matches the one you input, a new file is created using the input name.
Chapter 8 Programming 2. Recall the program. P.20 • The procedures you use for editing program contents are identical to those used for editing manual calculations. For details, see “Making Corrections”. • The following function keys are also useful when editing program contents. 1 (TOP) ........ Moves the cursor to the top of the program 2 (BTM) .......
Programming Chapter 8 As you can see, you can produce the TETRA program by making the following changes in the OCTA program. • Deleting c * (underlined using a wavy line above) • Changing d to b c (underlined using a solid line above) Let’s edit the program. 2(EDIT) eeeeDD cd![bc D Q Let’s try running the program. Length of One Side (A) Surface Area (S) Volume (V) 7 cm 84.87048957 cm2 40.42293766 cm3 10 cm 173.2050808 cm2 117.8511302 cm3 15 cm 389.7114317 cm 397.
Chapter 8 Programming w w baw w 8. Deleting a Program There are two different ways to delete a file name and its program. • Specific program delete • All program delete uTo delete a specific program 1. While the program list is on the display, use f and c to move the highlighting to the name of the program you want to delete. 2. Press [ 1 (DEL). [1(DEL) 1 2 3 4 3. Press 1 (YES) to delete the selected program or 4 (NO) to abort the operation without deleting anything. uTo delete all programs 1.
Programming Chapter 8 [2(DEL•A) 1 2 3 4 2. Press 1 (YES) to delete all the programs in the list or 4 (NO) to abort the operation without deleting anything. P.37 • You can also delete all programs using the MEM Mode. See “Clearing Memory Contents” for details. 9. Useful Program Commands In addition to calculation commands, this calculator also includes a variety of relational and jump commands that can be used to create programs that make repeat calculations quick and easy.
Chapter 8 Programming Program Command Menu (COM) While the program menu is on the display, press 1 (COM) to display the program command menu. 1(COM) 1 (If) ............. If command 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (Then) ....... Then command 3 (Else) ........ Else command 4 (I•End) ...... IfEnd command [ 1 (For) .......... For command 2 (To) ........... To command 3 (Step) ....... Step command 4 (Next) ........ Next command [ 1 (Whle) ....... While command 2 (WEnd) .....
Programming Chapter 8 Jump Command Menu (JUMP) While the program menu is on the display, press 3 (JUMP) to display the jump command menu. 3(JUMP) 1 (Lbl) .......... Lbl command 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (Goto) ....... Goto command 3 (⇒) ........... ⇒ (jump) command [ 1 (Isz) .......... Isz command 2 (Dsz) ......... Dsz command Press [ to return to the previous menu. Clear Command Menu (CLR) While the program menu is on the display, press [ 3 (CLR) to display the clear command menu.
Chapter 8 Programming 3(TABL) 1 (Tabl) ........ DispTable command 1 2 3 4 2 (G•Con) .... DrawTG-Con command 3 (G•Plt) ....... DrawTG-Plt command Conditional Jump Relational Operator Menu (REL) While the program menu is on the display, press [ [ 1 (REL) to display the conditional jump relational operator menu. [[1(REL) 1 (=) ............. Relational operator = 1 2 3 4 [ 1 2 3 4 [ 2 (G) ............. Relational operator G 3 (>) ............. Relational operator > 4 (<) .............
Programming Chapter 8 10. Command Reference k Command Index Break .................................................................................... 149 ClrGraph ............................................................................... 153 ClrList.................................................................................... 153 ClrText................................................................................... 153 DispTable .............................................................
Chapter 8 Programming [Square Brackets] ....... Square brackets are used to enclose items that are optional. Do not input the square brackets when inputting a command. Numeric Expressions . Numeric expressions (such as 10, 10 + 20, A) indicate constants, calculations, numeric constants, etc. Alpha Characters ....... Alpha characters indicate literal strings (such as AB). k Basic Operation Commands ? (Input Command) Function: Prompts for input of values for assignment to variables during program execution.
Programming Chapter 8 Description: 1. Operation of the carriage return is identical to that of the multi-statement command. 2. Using a carriage return in place of the multi-statement command makes the displayed program easier to read. k Program Commands (COM) If~Then Function: The Then-statement is executed only when the If-condition is true (nonzero). Syntax: If numeric expression _ : ^ Then _ : ^ Parameters: condition, numeric expression Description: 1.
Chapter 8 Programming If~Then~Else Function: The Then-statement is executed only when the If-condition is true (nonzero). The Else-statement is executed when the If-condition is false (0). Syntax: If numeric expression _ : ^ _ : ^ Then Else _ : ^ _ : ^ Parameters: condition, numeric expression Description: 1. The Then-statement is executed when the If-conditions is true (non-zero). 2.
Programming Chapter 8 For~To~Next Function: This command repeats everything between the For-statement and the Next-statement. The starting value is assigned to the control variable with the first execution, and the value of the control variable is incremented by one with each execution. Execution continues until the value of the control variable exceeds the ending value.
Chapter 8 Programming Description: 1. This command is basically identical to For~To~Next. The only difference is that you can specify the step. 2. Omitting the step value automatically sets the step to 1. 3. Making the starting value less than the ending value and specifying a positive step value causes the control variable to be incremented with each execution.
Programming Chapter 8 Description: 1. This command repeats the commands contained in the loop as long as its condition is true (non-zero). When the condition becomes false (0), execution proceeds from the statement following the WhileEnd-statement. 2. Since the condition comes after the While-statement, the condition is tested (checked) before the commands inside the loop are executed.
Chapter 8 Programming 3. A subroutine can be used in multiple locations in the same main routine, or it can be called up by any number of main routines. Main Routine A Subroutines D Prog ”D” Prog ”C” C E Prog ”E” Prog ”I” I J Prog ”J” Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 4. Calling up a subroutine causes it to be executed from the beginning. After execution of the subroutine is complete, execution returns to the main routine, continuing from the statement following the Prog command. 5.
Programming Chapter 8 Example: For 2 → I To 10_ If I = 5_ Then ”STOP” : Stop_ IfEnd_ Next This program counts from 2 to 10. When the count reaches 5, however, it terminates execution and displays the message ”STOP.” k Jump Commands (JUMP) Dsz Function: This command is a count jump that decrements the value of a control variable by 1, and then jumps if the current value of the variable is zero.
Chapter 8 Programming 3. This command can be used in combination with conditional jumps and count jumps. 4. If there is no Lbl-statement whose value matches that specified by the Gotostatement, an error (Go ERROR) occurs. Example: ? → A : ? → B : Lbl 1 : ?→ X : A×X + B ^ Goto 1 This program calculates y = AX + B for as many values for each variable that you want to input. To quit execution of this program, press A.
Programming Chapter 8 Description: 1. The conditional jump compares the contents of two variables or the results of two expressions, and a decision is made whether or not to execute the jump based on the results of the comparison. 2. If the comparison returns a true result, execution continues with the statement following the ⇒ command. If the comparison returns a false result, execution jumps to the statements following the multi-statement command (:), display command (^), or carriage return (_).
Chapter 8 Programming Description: This command draws a statistical graph in accordance with conditions defined within the program. DrawGraph Function: This command draws a graph. Syntax: DrawGraph_ Description: This command draws a graph in accordance with the drawing conditions defined within the program. DispTable Function: These commands display numeric tables.
Programming Chapter 8 Send ( Function: This command sends data to an external device. Syntax: Send () (…ex. Send (List 1)) Description: 1. This command sends data to an external device. 2. The following types of data can be sent by this command.
Chapter 8 Programming 11. Text Display You can include text in a program by simply enclosing it between double quotation marks. Such text appears on the display during program execution, which means you can add labels to input prompts and results. Program Display ?→X ? ”X =” ? → X X=? • If the text is followed by a calculation formula, be sure to insert a display command (^) or multi-statement command (:) between the text and calculation.
Programming Chapter 8 Executing this program produces the result shown here. k Using Table & Graph Functions in a Program P.74 Table & Graph functions in a program can generate numeric tables and perform graphing operations. The following shows various types of syntax you need to use when programming with Table & Graph functions.
Chapter 8 Programming Executing this program produces the results shown here. Numeric Table Graph w k Using List Sort Functions in a Program P.82 These functions let you sort the data in lists into ascending or descending order. • Ascending order 1 SortA (2 List 1, List 2, List 3) Lists to be sorted (up to six can be specified) 1 321Q 2 K11 • Descending order SortD (List 1, List 2, List 3) Lists to be sorted (up to six can be specified) k Using Statistical Calculations and Graphs in a Program P.
Programming Chapter 8 The graph conditions that are required depends on the graph type. See “Changing Graph Parameters”. • The following is a typical graph condition specification for a scatter diagram or xy line graph. S-Gph1 DrawOn, Scatter, List1, List2, 1, Square_ In the case of an xy line graph, replace “Scatter” in the above specification with “xyLine”. • The following is a typical graph condition specification for a pie chart.
Chapter 8 Programming Example Program ClrGraph_ 1 !Z[[[1Q 1 S-WindAuto_ 2 K11 {1, 2, 3} → 2 List 1_ 3 1Q {1, 2, 3} → 3 List 2_ 4 3121Q 4 S-Gph1 5 DrawOn, 5 3111Q 6 Scatter, 6 312[1Q List1, List2, 1, 7 Square_ 8 DrawStat 7 3141Q 8 !W[41Q Executing this program produces the scatter diagram shown here.
Programming Chapter 8 • Regression statistical calculation 1 LinearReg List 1, List 2, List 3 Calculation type* 1 Frequency data (Frequency) y-axis data (YList) x-axis data (XList) 31[1[1Q * Any one of the following can be specified as the calculation type. LinearReg ....... linear regression Med-MedLine .. Med-Med calculation QuadReg ........ quadratic regression LogReg ........... logarithmic regression ExpReg ........... exponential regression PowerReg .......
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Data Communications Chapter 9 Chapter Data Communications This chapter tells you everything you need to know to transfer programs between the fx-7400G PLUS and certain CASIO Graphic Scientific Calculator models connected with an optionally available SB62 cable. To transfer data between a unit and a personal computer, you will need to purchase the separately available CASIO Interface Unit.
Chapter 9 Data Communications 1. Connecting Two Units The following procedure describes how to connect two units with an optional SB-62 connecting cable for transfer of programs between them. uTo connect two units 1. Check to make sure that the power of both units is off. 2. Remove the covers from the connectors of the two units. • Be sure you keep the connector covers in a safe place so you can replace them after you finish your data communications. 3. Connect the two units using the SB-62 cable.
Data Communications Chapter 9 2. Connecting the Unit with a Personal Computer To transfer data between the unit and a personal computer, you must connect them through a separately available CASIO Interface Unit. For details on operation, the types of computer that can be connected, and hardware limitations, see the user’s guide that comes with the Interface Unit. Some types of data may not be able to be exchanged with a personal computer. uTo connect the unit with a personal computer 1.
Chapter 9 Data Communications 3. Connecting the Unit with a CASIO Label Printer After you connect the unit to a CASIO Label Printer with an optional SB-62 cable, you can use the Label Printer to print screen shot data from the unit. See the user’s guide that comes with your Label Printer for details on how to perform this operation. • The operation described above can be performed using the following Label Printer models: KL-2000, KL-2700, KL-8200, KL-8700 (as of February 2002).
Data Communications Chapter 9 4. Before Performing a Data Communication Operation In the Main Menu, select the LINK icon and enter the LINK Mode. The following data communication main menu appears on the display. 1 P.172 2 4 Image Set: ........... Indicates the status of the graphic image send features. Off: Graphic images not sent. On: Pressing M sends graphic images. 1 (TRAN) ..... Menu of send settings 2 (RECV) ..... Menu of receive settings 4 (IMGE) ......
Chapter 9 Data Communications 5. Performing a Data Transfer Operation Connect the two units and then perform the following procedures. Receiving unit To set up the calculator to receive data, press 2 (RECV) while the data communication main menu is displayed. 2(RECV) The calculator enters a data receive standby mode and waits for data to arrive. Actual data receive starts as soon as data is sent from the sending unit.
Data Communications Chapter 9 1 (SEL) ........ Selects data item where cursor is located. 4 (TRAN) ..... Sends selected data items. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the cursor to the data item you want to select and press 1 (SEL) to select it. Currently selected data items are marked with “'”. Pressing 4 (TRAN) sends all the selected data items. • To deselect a data item, move the cursor to it and press 1 (SEL) again. Only items that contain data appear on the data item selection screen.
Chapter 9 Data Communications Data item name 1 2 4 1 (YES) ........ Replaces the receiving unit’s existing data with the new data. 4 (NO) ......... Skips to next data item. * With password check: If a file is password protected, a message appears asking for input of the password. 2 Name of password protected file Password input field 1 2 4 4 (SYBL) ...... Symbol input After inputting the password, press w. uTo execute a send operation After selecting the data items to send, press 4 (TRAN).
Data Communications Chapter 9 Press 1 (YES) to send the data. 1(YES) • You can interrupt a data operation at any time by pressing A. The following shows what the displays of the sending and receiving units look like after the data communication operation is complete. Sending Unit Receiving Unit Press A to return to the data communication main menu. uTo send backup data This operation allows you to send all memory contents, including mode settings.
Chapter 9 Data Communications Sending Unit Receiving Unit Press A to return to the data communication main menu. • Data can become corrupted, necessitating a RESET of the receiving unit, should the connecting cable become disconnected during data transfer. Make sure that the cable is securely connected to both units before performing any data communication operation. 6. Screen Send Function The following procedure sends a bit mapped screen shot of the display to a connected computer.
Data Communications Chapter 9 You cannot send the following types of screens to a computer. • The screen that appears while a data communication operation is in progress. • A screen that appears while a calculation is in progress. • The screen that appears following the reset operation. • The low battery message. • The flashing cursor is not included in the screen image that is sent from the unit.
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Chapter Program Library 1 2 3 4 5 Prime Factor Analysis Greatest Common Measure t-Test Value Circle and Tangents Rotating a Figure Before using the Program Library • Be sure to check how many bytes of unused memory are remaining before attempting to perform any programming. • This Program Library is divided into two sections: a numeric calculation section and a graphics section.
PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. Prime Factor Analysis 1 Description Produces prime factors of arbitrary positive integers For 1 < m < 1010 Prime numbers are produced from the lowest value first. “END” is displayed at the end of the program. (Overview) m is divided by 2 and by all successive odd numbers (d = 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ....) to check for divisibility. Where d is a prime factor, mi = mi –1/d is assumed, and division is repeated until mi + 1 < d .
No.
PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. Greatest Common Measure 2 Description Euclidean general division is used to determine the greatest common measure for two interers a and b. For |a|, |b | < 109, positive values are taken as < 10 10 (Overview) n0 = max (|a |, |b|) n1 = min (|a|, |b |) nk –2 nk –1 nk = nk–2 – ––– nk –1 k = 2, 3.... If n k = 0, then the greatest common measure (c ) will be nk –1.
No.
PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. t-Test Value 3 Description The mean (sample mean) and sample standard deviation can be used to obtain a t-test value.
No. Line File name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Memory Contents 7 3 Program T { 5 l-Var Lbl ( " Goto T 5 5 4 , List 1 0 : x – T = 0 E , 5 , " M " A B C D E F G S T 5 4 , 5 2 } → List 1 _ M " ? → ) ÷ ( xσn–1 : T ^ H I J K L M N 1 , 5 1 _ M _ ÷ n 5 , ) → O P Q R S T U m 5 3 , 5 3 , T _ V W X Y Z t • t-distribution table The values in the top row of the table show the probability (two-sided probability) that the absolute value of t is greater than the table values for a given degree of freedom.
PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. Circle and Tangents 4 Description Formula for circle: x 2 + y 2 = r2 Y A (x',y') Formula for tangent line passing through point A ( x', y' ): y – y' = m (x – x') r 0 X * m represents the slope of the tangent line With this program, slope m and intercept b (= y' – mx') are obtained for lines drawn from point A (x' , y' ) and are tangent to a circle with a radius of r.
No.
No. Line 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Program Prog " S = Graph Y= N Goto 3 Lbl 9 Graph Y= M Prog " : Goto Lbl 3 " E C 2 ( _ _ ( W 6 _ N I ⇒ X R Graph Y= – X – I N _ C M A L ( ) " I N (–) 3 3 , 1 D . O W 9 , 3 File name C 1 Graph Y= x2 E – 2 Graph Y= C R ( R x2 – File name W 1 View Window 2 184 I (–) R ( L E X + A ) + D O W D 44 4 " : S – A ) B ^ = + B ^ " : Prog " . 9 , X x2 X ) x2 _ ) 1 , 1 ⇒ Goto 9 _ B _ C I R C L E " (–) 2 . 3 , 2 .
Program for Step Circle and Tangents Key Operation No.
Program for Step 6 7 8 9 10 186 Circle and Tangents Key Operation No.
Program for Step Circle and Tangents Key Operation No.
Program for Step 16 17 18 188 Circle and Tangents Key Operation No.
PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. Rotating a Figure 5 Description Formula for coordinate transformation: (x , y) → (x' , y') Y x' = x cos θ – y sin θ y' = x sin θ + y cos θ C(x3, y3) B(x2, y2) A(x1, y1) 0 X Graphing of rotation of any geometric figure by θ degrees. Example To rotate by 30° the triangle defined by points A (2, 0.5), B (6, 0.5), and C (5, 1.5) Notes • Use the cursor keys to move the pointer around the display.
No. Line Program File name R 1 View Window 2 8 " X " Plot X " X " Plot X " X " Plot X Lbl Line " A A Plot C C Plot E E Plot Plot Cls 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 190 5 O (–) , ( 1 Y A → ( 2 Y C → ( 3 Y E → 1 : A cos sin G cos sin I cos sin K G : T 0 1 X = 1 , A X = 2 , C X = 3 , E _ Plot N Q Q , Q Q , Q Q , , Plot A .
Program for Step Rotating a Figure Key Operation No.
Program for Step Rotating a Figure Key Operation 6 (Locate the pointer at X = 5) 7 8 9 10 Continue, repeating from step 8. 192 No.
Appendix Appendix A Resetting the Calculator Appendix B Power Supply Appendix C Error Message Table Appendix D Input Ranges Appendix E Specifications
Appendix Appendix A Resetting the Calculator Warning! The procedure described here clears all memory contents. Never perform this operation unless you want to totally clear the memory of the calculator. If you need the data currently stored in memory, be sure to write it down somewhere before performing the RESET operation. uTo reset the calculator 1. Press m to display the main menu. 2. Highlight the MEM icon and press w, or press j. 3. Use c to move the highlighting down to “Reset” and then press w.
Appendix Resetting the calculator initializes it to the following settings.
Appendix Appendix B Power Supply This unit is powered by two AAA-size (LR03 (AM4) or R03 (UM-4)) batteries. In addition, it uses a single CR2032 lithium battery as a back up power supply for the memory. If the following message appears on the display, immediately stop using the calculator and replace batteries. If you try to continue using the calculator, it will automatically switch power off, in order to protect memory contents. You will not be able to switch power back on until you replace batteries.
Appendix (Should a battery leak, clean out the battery compartment of the unit immediately, taking care to avoid letting the battery fluid come into direct contact with your skin.) Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician immediately. uTo replace the main power supply batteries * Never remove the main power supply and the memory back up batteries from the unit at the same time. * Be sure to switch the unit off before replacing batteries.
Appendix • Power will not switch on if you press o while the back cover is open. • Do not leave the unit without main power supply batteries loaded for long periods. Doing so can cause deletion of data stored in memory. P.11 • If the figures on the display appear too light and hard to see after you turn on power, adjust the contrast.
Appendix 6. Wipe off the surfaces of a new battery with a soft, dry cloth. Load it into the calculator so that its positive (+) side is facing up. 7. Pressing down on the battery with the battery holder, replace the screw that secures the holder in place. 8. Replace the back cover and press o to turn power on. The main batteries provide power to the memory while the back-up battery is removed, so memory data is not lost.
Appendix Appendix C Error Message Table Message Syn ERROR Meaning 1 Calculation formula contains an error. 2 Formula in a program contains an error. Countermeasure 1 Use d or e to display the point where the error was generated and correct it. 2 Use d or e to display the point where the error was generated and then correct the program. Ma ERROR 1 Calculation result exceeds calculation range. 2 Calculation is outside the input range of a function. 3 Illogical operation (division by zero, etc.
Appendix Message Stk ERROR Meaning • Execution of calculations that exceed the capacity of the stack for numeric values or stack for commands. Countermeasure • • Simplify the formulas to keep stacks within 10 levels for the numeric values and 26 levels for the commands. Divide the formula into two or more parts. Mem ERROR 1 Not enough memory to hold function input in the Graph Mode for graph drawing. 2 Not enough memory to hold function input in the TABLE Mode.
Appendix Appendix D Function sinx cos x tanx Input Ranges Input ranges (DEG) |x | < 9 × 109° (RAD) |x | < 5 × 107πrad (GRA) |x| < 1 × 1010 grad sin –1x cos –1x |x| < 1 tan–1x |x| < 1 × 10100 logx In x x 10 ex x 1 × 10–99 < x < 1 × 10100 –1 × 10 100 1/ x |x| < 1 × 10100 , x G 0 x! nPr n Cr Pol (x , y ) 15 digits " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " |x| < 1 × 10100 0 < x < 69 (x is an integer) Result < 1 × 10100 n, r (n and r are integers) 0 < r < n, n < 1 × 1010 x2 + y2 <
Appendix Function Input ranges °’” |a|, b , c < 1 × 10100 0 < b, c ← °’” |x| < 1 × 10100 Sexagesimal display: |x| < 1 × 107 Internal digits Precision 15 digits As a rule, precision is ±1 at the 10th digit.
Appendix Appendix E Specifications Variables: 26 Calculation range: ±1 × 10 –99 to ±9.999999999 × 1099 and 0. Internal operations use 15-digit mantissa. Exponential display range: Norm 1: 10 –2 > |x |, |x| > 1010 Norm 2: 10 –9 > |x|, |x | > 1010 Program capacity: 20,000 bytes (max.) Power supply: Main: Two AAA-size batteries (LR03 (AM4) or R03 (UM-4)) Back-up: One CR2032 lithium battery Power consumption: 0.
