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Orthogon Systems Gemini System User Manual May 16, 2003 Ref: PHN-0532-0006 Copyright Information This document is the confidential property of PipingHot Networks Limited and without its prior written consent may not be copied or released to 3rd parties. © 2003 PipingHot Networks Limited. Compliance Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Orthogon Systems could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Contents 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 For Your Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Who Should Use This Guide . . . . 1.2.3 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Product Description (About the OS-Gemini) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 The Outdoor Unit (ODU) . . . . . . . 1.3.2 The Indoor Unit (IDU) . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Mains Power Adaptor . . .
List of Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Typical OS-Gemini Deployment . . . . OS-Gemini Outdoor Unit (ODU) . . . . OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU) . . . . . . OS-Gemini Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . OS-Gemini power adaptor . . . . . . . . ODU Mounting Configurations . . . . . OS-Gemini Layer Diagram . . . . . . . Free Space Path Loss at 5.8 GHz . . . Fade Margin vs Excess Path Loss for 99.99% link availability . . Worked Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Worked Example over a hill . . .
1 Getting Started 1.1 For Your Safety Caution Users and installers should note that the mains power supply is the primary disconnect device. Warning Use extreme care when installing antennas near power lines. Warning Use extreme care when working at heights. Caution When the system is operational, avoid standing directly in front of the antenna. Strong RF fields are present when the transmitter is on.
1.2.2 Who Should Use This Guide The guide is for use by the system installer and the end user IT professional. The system installer will require expertise in the following areas: • • • Outdoor radio equipment installation Network configuration Use of web browser for system configuration, monitoring and fault finding 1.2.3 Service For unit repair or service, contact your service provider or an authorised Orthogon Systems distributor for authorisation and shipping instructions. 1.
The OS-Gemini consists of a pair of identical devices that are deployed one at each end of the link. At install time the user sets up one unit is set as the Master and the other as the Slave. Either unit can be configured as master or slave. Each end of the link consists of: • • • An integrated outdoor transceiver unit containing all the radio and networking electronics. Hereafter referred to as the Outdoor Unit (ODU).
Figure 2 OS-Gemini Outdoor Unit (ODU) 1.3.3 Mains Power Adaptor The mains power adaptor is an in-line power supply which provides a 48 Volt DC output to supply power to the IDU / ODU Caution Safety may be compromised if a different power supply is used instead of the one supplied as part of the system.
Figure 3 OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU) Reset Button Depression Action Momentary This is the same as a power cycle. It simply restarts the unit using the same configuration and software as before. More than 10 secs This resets the configuration to factory defaults. All parameters will need to be reentered including the web page which will have returned to 10.10.10.10.
Figure 4 OS-Gemini Reset Switch Failure to use the recommended (or equivalent) standard of cable may invalidate the systems safety certification. The IDU/ODU cable may be unscreened (UTP) or screened (STP). However, unscreened cables reduce the system’s ability to cope with nearby lightening strikes. If lightening activity is common in the area of deployment, the use of screened cable is highly recommended.
Figure 5 OS-Gemini power adaptor 1.3.6 Mounting Brackets The OS-Gemini ODU is supplied with a mounting bracket suitable for mounting the ODU to a pole of 50mm to 75mm in diameter or to a flat surface. For more details on mounting see section 5 “Installation” Pole Figure 6 Wall ODU Mounting Configurations The bracket allows for adjustment in both azimuth and elevation. The bracket can be split, allowing one half to mounted to the ODU and the other half to the pole or wall prior to installation.
The OS-Gemini IDU can either be desk or wall mounted. The preference is wall mounted with the cables dressed to a skirting board or cable channel. Wall mounting is achieved by screwing through the mounting lugs on either side of the unit. 1.3.7 Configuration and Management Configuration and Management of the OS-Gemini is implemented using an inbuilt web server hosting a number of Configuration and Management web pages.
2 Product Architecture (More Detail About The OS-Gemini) The OS-Gemini consists of an identical pair of units deployed one at each end of the link. The radio link operates on a single frequency channel using Time Division Duplex (TDD). One unit is deployed as a master and the other as a slave. The master unit takes responsibility for controlling the link in both directions.
(www.orthogonsystems.com/support/download) to a convenient platform. The image is then uploaded to the ODU via the web management page described in section 6.3.3 “Software Upgrade Pages”. The compressed image is first loaded into RAM and check summed. If the compressed image transfer has completed successfully the image is decompressed and written to Flash memory. On completion of this process the unit will re-boot using the newly downloaded image.
3 General Considerations 3.1 Frequency Planning The OS-Gemini is capable of operating in the whole frequency range 5.725 to 5.875 GHz (defined as the ETSI 5 GHz C band) but for the USA is optimised for the ISM band (5.7255.850 GHz), utilising a 10 MHz wide channel. Setting of the operating frequency channel is automatic and is carried out by the built-in Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) functionality.
3.5 Electrical Requirements The OS-Gemini is supplied with a variable input voltage in-line power supply unit. This unit is supplied with mains cables suitable for the country of sale. The OS-Gemini requires one mains supply outlet at each end of the link. 3.6 Training Installation training courses can be purchased from Orthogon Systems. Self paced Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) courses can be purchased and downloaded from the Orthogon Systems website.
4 Site Planning 4.1 Site Selection Criteria The following are guidelines for selecting the installation location of the OS-Gemini ODU and IDU. 4.1.1 ODU Site Selection When selecting a site for the ODU the following should be taken into consideration: • • • • • • • That it is not possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of the antenna.
From the above calculation a rough idea of whether the link will work and be reliable can be obtained. This is the best estimate that can be achieved without the use of sophisticated radio planning tools and expensive high-resolution terrain data. The only way to confirm the calculation is to install the units, complete the installation process and monitor the link for a period of time.
antenna will add to the excess path loss. Calculations of excess path loss should take this into consideration using values approximately half those used for objects that obstruct the line of site of the antenna. For a thorough understanding of this refer to ITU P526. 4.2.3 Fade Margin A Fade Margin needs to be applied to link budget to take into account changes in the radio path caused by changes in objects surrounding or in the propagating path. e.g.
4.2.5 Worked Example 1 2000m Fresnel Zone Line of Sight Obstruction Figure 10 Line of Sight Fresnel Zone penetration Worked Example This example of figure 10 shows a case where a tree obscures the Line of Sight and the Fresnel Zone has a building intrusion.
4000m Fresnel Zone Line of Sight Line of Sight Obstruction Figure 11 Worked Example over a hill Calculation: 120 dB + 20 dB + 8 dB = 148 dB The result of this calculation shows that this scenario would work continuously at 16QAM. 4.3 Mean Power A Web Management page for Gemini has an important indicator of mean path loss. This is shown in figure 16. Also on this Web Page is the range.
The blue dashed line is for 16QAM and the solid red line of for BPSK.
5 Installation Orthogon Systems recommends that only qualified personnel undertake the installation of an OS-Gemini system. 5.1 Preparation Before proceeding with the installation you should: • • • • • Check the contents of all packages against the parts lists shown in the packing list. Ensure that you have the correct tools for the job Ensure that you are qualified to undertake the work Ensure that you have taken the correct safety precautions.
5.5 Legal Disclaimer IN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY TO ANY PERSONS OR ANY DAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE INSTALLATION OF THE ORTHOGON SYSTEMS OS-GEMINI PRODUCT. 5.5.1 Mounting the ODUs The ODU mounting bracket is designed to ease installation by allowing the bracket to be split into two and be brought back together using a single bolt fixing. The ODU mounting bracket is designed for both pole and wall mounting.
5.5.1.1 Pole Mounting Step 1: Mount the ODU half of the bracket to the ODU (Note: orientation) Step 3: Mate the two halves of the bracket together and tighten the nut and bolt. 24 Step 2: Mount other half of the bracket to the pole.
5.5.1.2 Wall Mounting Step 1: Mount the ODU half of the bracket to the ODU (Note: orientation). Step 2: Mount other half of the bracket to the wall. Step 3: Mate the two halves of the bracket together and tighten the nut and bolt. 5.5.2 Connecting Up 5.5.2.1 Preparing The Cable — RJ45 connections Cables with the ODU end already prepared can be purchased from your reseller or distributor in lengths up to 60m. (Note that the maximum length between the IDU and ODU is 60m.
should follow the following instructions along with the cable and connector suppliers instructions: Step 1: Assemble gland on cable as shown Step 2: Strip the outer insulation Step 3: Arrange conductors as shown in Figure 13 and cut to length Step 4: Insert conductors and crimp Figure 11 - Completed ODU connector Both ends of the ODU to IDU cable are terminated in the same way. The above procedure should be repeated for the IDU end of the cable when the cable routing process is complete.
White/Orange Pin 1 Orange Pin 2 White/Green Blue White/Blue Green White/Brown Brown Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 Lock tab underneath Figure 13 RJ45 Pin Connections 5.5.2.2 Making the Connection At The ODU The following procedure describes how connection is made at the ODU. It is often easier to carry out this procedure on the ground or a suitable surface prior to mounting the ODU.
Step 1: Assemble the cable as described in 5.5.2.
5.5.2.3 Routing the Cable After connecting the cable to the ODU it can be routed and secured using standard cable routing and securing techniques. When the cable is in place it can then be cut to the desired length at the IDU prior to connection to the IDU. 5.5.2.4 Fitting A Surge Arrestor If you have opted to fit a Surge Arrestor, this should be installed by following the manufacturers instruction. 5.5.2.
Step 1: Remove the cover by removing the four cover fixing screws. Step 2: Plug in the ODU to IDU cable ensuring that it snaps home. Step 3: Replace the cover 5.5.3 Mounting The IDU This step is optional. Orthogon Systems recommends that you mount the IDU on a wall or other suitable mounting surface. This prevents the unit from being knocked or kicked and can help maintain link availability. Step 1: Fix the IDU to the wall using the lugs provided.
5.5.4 Powering Up Prior to powering up the OS-Gemini, a computer with web browsing capabilities should be configured with an IP address of 10.10.10.n and subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 where n is any value between 1 and 254 but excluding 10. If the default address of the unit 10.10.10.10 clashes with an address you are already using on your LAN, or you are not sure, you should set up an isolated LAN.
Step 12: Cycle the power on the Slave unit to reset the unit and enable it as Slave. Step 13: Align the Slave unit using the audible tone. (The higher the frequency of the tone, the better the signal). Step 14: When the best signal strength has been found. Hold the unit steady (preferably lock the unit’s mounting bracket) for 10 seconds for the installation process to complete. The completion of the installation process is indicated by the audible tone being turned off.
6 Web Page Reference This section contains an explanation and usage guide for each of the built-in management web pages. Where the user enters data into a field it is necessary to press the appropriate update button to write the new configuration value to unit’s configuration memory. The small and full menus are shown in figure 14. The full menu is only available to the system administrator after logging in.
6.2 Systems Status Page This page displays the current system status. This page will automatically refresh after a user defined refresh period. A field is provided to enter the required refresh period. Buttons are provided to update the refresh period and reset the displayed counters. Refresh can be forced by using the browsers refresh button. Figure 16 Status Page In the section“Equipment” there are various status displayed. The “Country Variant” is dependant upon the software load.
6.3 System Administration Page Figure 17 System Administration Page The system administration pages are password protected. On first activation the user will be presented with the above page prompting them to change the system administration home page. Once the password has been set the system administration pages will only be available after the user has entered the correct password. All system configuration pages are accessed via the main, password protected, system administration page. 6.3.
6.3.2 Install Pages These pages are used during system installation. There follows a description of the install pages along with their use during the installation process. The actual installation process is described in section 5.5.5 “Aligning the ODUs” above. Step 1 figure 19 will automatically invoke on starting the installation wizard if there is no valid license key stored. The OS-Gemini operational software requires a license key to enable the wireless bridging capability.
maintenance. Master transmits until the link is made, Slave listens for its peer and only transmits when the peer has been identified. figure 21 shows; • • Unit serial number is in Hex. 106 = MAC address 00:04:56:00:01:06 Unit acting as Master. Figure 21 Installation page 2 — Wireless Configuration Step 4 figure 22 is for confirming and committing to non-volatile memory the settings just entered.
Figure 23 Installation page 4 — Configuration Complete If the unit has been configured as the Slave, the unit will restart with the audible installation tone turned on at the ODU. The unit will remain in this state until the signal from the corresponding Master unit has been found, and the alignment and registration stages completed. The alignment stage is taken to be complete when the signal received from the master does not vary for 10 seconds. i.e. the installer is no longer moving the unit.
The software image will now be downloaded to the unit where it will be stored in RAM until it is committed to the units flash memory. This download should only take a few seconds. NEW SCREEN SHOT The unit being upgraded will now display its current flash memory status. The user should ensure that he is happy to proceed before pressing the “Continue” button. The user has the option to bail out at this point by pressing the “Abort“ button.
Figure 25 DFS page 6.3.5 SMTP Configuration Page This page is used to configure the email alert functionality. The facility can be enabled, the server address and port number entered. The source and destination email addresses can also be entered.
6.3.6 Change System Administration Password This is the screen to change the password for the system administration. Figure 27 Password page 6.3.7 Software License Key This page is for the entry of the Software License Key if necessary.
7 Fault Finding Before contacting your re-seller/distributor or returning the unit to the manufacturer you should follow the following fault finding guide figure 29: Start Power indicator lit Check cabling and mains supply No Yes Yes Power indicator lit No Green indicator activity Green indicator activity No Ethernet Link Check Connections No No Yes Yes No radio link Check other end of link No Yellow indicator activity Yes Apply power to other end of link No Unit functioning OK check furth
8 Specifications 8.1 System Specification Radio Technology i-OFDM RF Band USA 5.725 – 5.850 GHz (ISM) Channel Selection By Dynamic Frequency Control Dynamic Frequency Control Initial capture 2 sec., Out of service on interference 100 ms.
Management Embedded web server for direct management Configuration DHCP client (default IP address:10.10.10.10) Status Indicators Power status Radio Link status Ethernet Link Status Data activity Alarms Via configurable email alerts Physical Integrated outdoor unit with indoor PSU Dimensions Width 15.75” (400mm), Height 15.75” (400mm), Depth 3.94” (100mm) Weight 12.1 lbs (5.
8.4 EMC Immunity Compliance Top-level specification ETSI 301-489. Comment Specification EN 55082-1 Generic EMC and EMI requirements for Europe EN 61000-4-2: 1995 Electro Static Discharge (ESD), Class 2, 8 kV air, 4 kV contact discharge EN 61000-4-3: 1995 ENV50140: 1993 (radiated immunity) 3 V/m EN 61000-4-4: 1995 (Bursts/Transients), Class 4, 4 kV level (power lines AC & DC) Signal lines @ 0.5 kV open circuit voltage.
Environmental Specifications Temperature -40°C to +50°C plus the effects of solar radiation Vibration and Shock ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 E Altitude ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 E Wind Loading ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 E, In addition, the mounting hardware ensures that in all wind strengths up to 75mph, the alignment of the ODU will be within 2°of the nominal setting. In higher wind strengths up to 111mph, the ODU will survive and return to its original alignment after the exposure.
The DC connection diagram is shown figure 30 for completeness. The OS-Gemini should only be used with the supplied PSU. Failure to do so may invalidate the unit’s safety compliance and could lead to a fire.
9 Lightning Protection The idea of lightning protection is to protect structures, equipment and people against lightning by conducting the lightning current to ground via a separate preferential solid path and by reducing the electromagnetic field. The following should be treated as a guide only. Full details of lightning protection methods and requirements can be found in the international standards IEC 61024-1 and IEC 61312-1, the National Electric Code ANSI/NFPA No.
Zone A Zone A Zone B Zone B ODU mounted inside Zone B ODU mounted in Zone A Zone A Zone B ] ODU Figure 31 mounted inside Zone B ODU Mounting Positions 49
10 FAQs This section contains a number of Frequently Asked Questions. This list is not exhaustive. Further and more up to date FAQs may be found in the Orthogon Systems website at: http: //www.orthogonsystems.com/support/FAQ Q: The 100BaseT Ethernet specification specifies a maximum length of 100m. Why am I restricted to 60m of cable between the IDU and ODU? A: The 60m restriction is a result of the voltage drop experience using CAT 5 cable.
11 Glossary BPSK CAI DC DFS ETSI FAQ HQ HTTP ID IDU IEEE IP ISM ITU LAN MAC Binary Phase Shift Keying Computer Aided Instruction Direct Current Dynamic Frequency Selection European Telecommunications Standards Institute Frequently Asked Question Headquarters Hypertext Transfer Protocol Identity Indoor Unit Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Internet Protocol Industrial Scientific and Medical International Telecommunications Union Local Area Network Medium Access Control Layer NLOS ODU OFDM P
12 Index a adaptive modulation m master 12 52 12 s slave 12
Orthogon Systems, Linhay Business Park, Eastern Road, Ashburton, Devon TQ13 7UP Telephone: +44 (0)1364 655500 Fax: +44 (0)1364 654625 www.orthogonsystems.
