6.3.4 Software Upgrade The OS-Gemini system has two software image banks; one is a fixed image which is stored in protected non-volatile memory, the second bank is used by the system administrator to upgrade the firmware as and when necessary. Figure 21 shows the main software upgrade webpage. Figure 21 Software Upgrade The ‘Fixed’ image is only used if disaster recovery is required, i.e. if an upgrade process is interrupted or the units are reset to their factory defaults.
The software image will now be uploaded to the unit where it will be stored in SDRAM until it is committed to the unit’s non-volatile memory. This upload should only take a few seconds, once complete the image is verified and validated to ensure that no errors occurred during transfer and the image is valid to run on the current platform. If there are any problems a warning screen will appear.
Figure 23 Software Upgrade Complete When the software image has been written to non-volatile memory Figure 23 will be displayed showing the status of the software upload. Reset the unit by clicking the Reset Unit button. This will reset the unit within 30 seconds, during this time you will not be able to communicate with the unit. The unit is now fully functional. If this screen is not displayed after 60 seconds this could indicate a problem with the memory update process.
6.3.5 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Dynamic Frequency Selection (hereafter referred to by the acronym DFS) is the OS-Gemini wireless feature that monitors the available wireless spectrum and directs both ends of the wireless link to operate on a channel with the minimum level of co and adjacent levels interference. 6.3.5.1 Wireless Channels The OS-Gemini wireless operates using a set of predefined overlapping channels. There are 19 predefined channels starting at 5734 MHz and ending at 5842 MHz.
Peak of Peaks is the largest peak interference measurement encountered during the quantisation period. This metric is useful for detecting large short duration spikes in the interference environment. Peak of Means is the largest mean interference measurement encountered during the quantisation period. The peak of means is similar to the peak of peaks and is useful for detecting slightly longer duration spikes in the interference environment. 99.
Figure 24 DFS as seen from the Master 56
Figure 25 DFS as seen from the Slave 6.3.5.5 DFS Configuration The following section describes the user modifiable configuration assessable from the DFS webpage. It is recommended that the default values maintained. If the user believes that the performance of the DFS algorithm required some modifications this should only be done after consulting your distributor or one of the Orthogon Systems field support engineers.
Hopping Margin DFS uses this margin when making a channel hop decision. The channel to hop to has to have an interference level 2 dBs (default) better than the current active channel. (Default 2 dB) Hopping Counter is used to record the number of channel hops. The number in the “(+ )” brackets indicates the number of channel changes since the last screen refresh.
DFS State is used to enable and disable operation of the DFS algorithm. When DFS is disabled interference measurements are still processed and displayed but channel hopping is not performed. Asymmetric DFS. The default configuration of symmetric constrains DFS to operate using the same transmit and receive channel. When in symmetric mode the slave unit will always follow the master. If the master moves to a new channel the slave will hop to the same channel.
Figure 26 Example DFS Graphic The X-axis shows a stylised view of the 19 selectable wireless channels. It is important to note that adjacent channels on the DFS display have a 5 MHz overlap. The display separates the display of channels to help the clarity of the resultant display. The axis is labelled using the channel centre frequencies in MHz (5734 to 5842 MHz). The Y-axis shows the interference power levels from –100 to –40 dBm.
The ‘I’ Bar is used to display the mean of means and peak of means metrics. The lower horizontal bar represents the mean of means and the upper horizontal bar represents the peak of means. The vertical bar is used as a visual cue to highlight the statistical spread between the peak and the mean of the statistical distribution. The peak symbol (the upper small triangle above each channel ‘I’ bar) is used to indicate the peak of peaks interference measurement. 6.3.5.
6.3.5.9 DFS Online Help Because the DFS displays contain a large amount of data, symbols and colour references, an online help screen has been provided. This screen is accessible from both the master and slave webpages. Figure 28 gives a high level overview of the DFS webpage.
6.3.6 Remote Management Page The Remote Management page (Figure 29) allows the system administrator to configure the remote management of the OS-Gemini.
6.3.6.1 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) The industry standard remote management technique is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). The OS-Gemini supports SNMP version 1 and version 2. 6.3.6.1.1 Supported Management Information Bases (MIBS) The industry standard remote management technique is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). The OS-Gemini supports SNMP version 1 and version 2. The OS-Gemini SNMP stack currently supports three distinct MIBs.
SNMP Trap IP Address Is the address of either the network SNMP manager or Trap receiver. When asynchronous events (Traps in SNMP terminology) are generated the client unicasts these to this IP Address. When the address is changed the system requires a mandatory reset before the setting is adopted SNMP Trap Port Number The SNMP Trap Port Number is the port number of either the networked SNMP manager or Trap receiver. By convention the default value for the port number is 162.
6.3.6.3 SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) The SNTP client allows the OS-Gemini to obtain accurate date and time updates from a networked timeserver. The resultant time information is used by the SNMP, webpage and System Reset tasks. SNTP State The SNTP state attribute controls the creation of the SNTP features. SNTP IP Address The IP address of the networked SNTP server. SNTP Port Number The port number of the networked SNTP server. By convention the default value for the port number is 123.
6.3.8 Reset The reset page allows the system administrator to perform commanded resets of the wireless unit. The reset page also allows the system administrator to view a list of past reset reasons. The ‘reasons for reset’ field has been implemented as a drop down selection box, where the latest reason for reset is located at the top of the list.
7 Fault Finding If communication has been lost with the unit at the near end of the link then there may be a hardware fault with the wiring, network or hardware. Go to the hardware section below. If communication with the far end of the link is lost then go to the radio section below. 7.1 Hardware If there are problems suspected with the link hardware the following procedure is recommended. The following diagram illustrates the main system connections. Figure 32 Main System Connections 7.1.
7.1.2 Ethernet The Ethernet LED is driven from the ODU processor and thus is capable of informing you of many conditions using different flash sequences. If the Ethernet indicator does not illuminate at all there are four possible conditions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Reset Switch Pressed and released within 10 seconds during normal operation On Off Off whilst switch pressed but returns to LINK/Activity state when released. No reset will take place Off whilst switch pressed. Reset Switch Pressed and held for > 20 seconds during normal operation One second after release, flashes twice per second regularly for 10 seconds, then erases non-volatile configuration data and resets.
7.2 7.2.1 Radio No Activity If communication over the radio link has been lost and the unit at the other end of the link can be managed on its local network. The following procedure should be adopted. If there is no wireless activity then the configuration should be checked. It is essential that the following items are correct • Check that the software at each end of the link is the same • Check that the Target Mac address has not been mis-configured at each end of the link.
8 Specifications 8.1 System Specifications Radio Technology Specification RF Band 5.725-5.850GHz Channel Selection By dynamic frequency control and manual intervention Automatic detection on startup and continual adaption to avoid interference. Dynamic Frequency Control Initial capture 10-15 sec. Out of service on interference 100 ms.
The receive sensitivities and system gains for each mode are as follows: Mode RX Sensitivity TX Power System Gain BPSK 1/2 -95.5 dBm 24 dBm 166.5 dB QPSK 1/2 -92.8 dBm 23 dBm 162.8 dB QPSK 2/3 -90.7 dBm 23 dBm 160.7 dB 16QAM 1/2 -88.1 dBm 21 dBm 156.1 dB 16QAM 3/4 -83.6 dBm 21 dBm 151.6 dB 64QAM 2/3 -80.2 dBm 19 dBm 146.2 dB 64QAM 3/4 -78.3 dBm 19 dBm 144.3 dB 64QAM 7/8 -73.6 dBm 19 dBm 139.6 dB The values quoted here are static sensitivity measurements.
Antenna Antenna Type Integrated flat plate antenna Antenna Gain 23.5 dBi typical Antenna Beamwidth 8 Degrees Wireless PHY Max Path Loss 167dB Duplex Scheme TDD, Symmetric (1:1) and Asymmetric (2:1) Range 81 miles (130km) optical Line-of-Sight 6 miles (10km) non-Line-of-Sight Over-the-Air Encryption Proprietary scrambling mechanism. Optional AES – via licence update.
Ethernet Bridging Protocol IEEE802.1; IEEE802.1p; IEEE802.3 compatible Interface 10/100BaseT (RJ-45), Supports MDI/MDIX Auto Crossover Data Rate6 0 – 5 km Mode (Single direction – Symmetric TDD (1:1)) BPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 2/3 16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4 64QAM 2/3 64QAM 3/4 64QAM 7/8 1.60 Mbps 3.20 Mbps 4.27 Mbps 6.40 Mbps 9.60 Mbps 12.81 Mbps 14.41 Mbps 16.
8.2 8.3 Power Supply Separate power supply unit (included) Power source 90 – 264 VAC, 50 – 60 Hz Power consumption 30 W mean (85 BTU/Hr) Safety Compliance Region Specification USA UL 60950 Canada CSA C22.2 No.60950 International CB certified & certificate to IEC 60950 EMC Emissions Compliance Region Specification USA FCC Part 15 Class B Canada CSA Std C108.
8.4 EMC Immunity Compliance Top-level Specification ETSI 301-489. Specification Comment EN 55082-1 Generic EMC and EMI requirements for Europe EN 61000-4-2: 1995 Electro Static Discharge (ESD), Class 2, 8 kV air, 4 kV contact discharge EN 61000-4-3: 1995 ENV50140: 1993 (radiated immunity) 3 V/m 8.5 8.6 EN 61000-4-4: 1995 (Bursts/Transients), Class 4, 4 kV level (power lines AC & DC) Signal lines @ 0.5 kV open circuit voltage.
8.7 8.7.1 System Connections ODU to IDU Connection ODU IDU Pin 1 Tx+ from ODU (W hite/Orange) Pin 1 Pin 2 Tx- from ODU (Orange) Pin 2 Pin 3 Rx+ to ODU (W hite/Green) Pin 3 Pin 4 LED+ from ODU (Blue) Pin 4 Pin 5 LED- from ODU (W hite/Blue) Pin 5 Pin 6 Rx- to ODU (Green) Pin 6 Pin 7 0V to ODU – (W hite/Brow n) Pin 7 Pin 8 +48V to ODU – (Brow n) Pin 8 Figure 33 ODU to IDU Connection Diagram 8.7.2 Power Connection The IDU power connection is via a standard 2.5 mm DC power socket.
9 Lightning Protection 9.1 Overview The idea of lightning protection is to protect structures, equipment and people against lightning by conducting the lightning current to ground via a separate preferential solid path and by reducing the electromagnetic field. The following should be treated as a guide only, the actual degree of lightning protection required depends on local conditions and weather patterns.
Figure 35 ODU Mounted in Zone B & ODU Mounted in Zone A Figure 36 ODU mounted inside Zone B 80
Zone A Zone B Earth ODU Mandatory Recommended Screen Cable Mandatory Recommended Earth Cable at Building Entry Mandatory Recommended Ethernet Surge Recommended Recommended Arrestor Table 8 Protection Requirements Figure 37 Diagrammatically showing a typical installation 81
Figure 38 Upper Configuration and Lower Configuration 82
10 OS-Gemini C 10.1 Scope This Chapter details the changes and additional features relevant to the connectorised variant of the OS-Gemini C Product, OS 58XXC. 10.2 Product Description 10.2.1 Hardware The OS-Gemini C is a variant designed to provide the system integrator and installer with the ability to provide extra capability to cope with very difficult radio links compared to the basic OS-Gemini product.
10.3 Software/Features The variant operates in the same way as the basic OS-Gemini product and is released initially with the feature set of the OS-Gemini C product. The areas where the functionality is modified are 10.3.1 Status Page The link loss calculation presented on the Status Page on the management interface has to be modified to allow for the increased antenna gains at each end of the link.
10.3.2 Configuration Pages The amended Configuration Web page is shown below as Figure 41.
10.3.3 Installation Pages The installer is prompted to enter the Antenna Gain and Cable Loss (OS-Gemini C to antenna) at each end of the link. The Installation Page(s) is shown as Figure 42-Figure 44. Figure 42 OS-Gemini C ‘Installation Wizard’ Page Antenna Gain Gain of the antenna you are connecting to the unit, see Table 11 Allowed Antennas for Deployment in USA/Canada. Cable Loss Loss in the cable between the ODU and the antenna.
Figure 43 OS-Gemini C ‘Confirm Installation’ Page Figure 44 OS-Gemini C ‘Disarm Installation’ Page 87
10.4 Deployment Considerations The majority of radio links can be successfully deployed with the OS-Gemini product. It should only be necessary to use external antennas where the Link Budget Calculator indicates marginal performance for a specific link. Examples of this would be where the link is heavily obscured by dense woodland on an NLOS link or extremely long LOS links (>80km) over water.
10.6 Regulatory Issues In countries where FCC regulations are not relevant, installations should conform to any applicable local regulations for the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). Products deployed in North America or where FCC Part 15 regulations are used for unlicensed radio equipments, the sections 10.6.1and 10.6.2 apply. 10.6.1 Antenna Choice The antennas allowed to be deployed with the OS-Gemini C are shown inTable 11. 10.6.
10.
11 FAQs The 100Base-T Ethernet Specification specifies a maximum cable length of 100m. Why am I restricted to 60m of cable between the IDU and ODU? The 60m restriction is a result of the voltage drop experienced using CAT 5 cable. The 100m maximum length still applies between the ODU and connected equipment. Can I source and use my own PoE adaptor with the OS-Gemini? No. The OS-Gemini uses a non-standard PoE configuration.
In which frequency band does the OS-Gemini operate? The Orthogon Systems OS-Gemini operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 5.725 - 5.850GHz. This means no license is required to operate the OS-Gemini. Why does the OS-Gemini operate in the 5.8GHz ISM band? The 5.8GHz band offers the dual benefits of high data throughput and good radio propagation characteristics.
How is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) enabled? The AES facility is enabled by the user obtaining a licence key from Orthogon Systems. Entering the key will turn on the AES options from which the user will be able to turn on AES. The default setting for AES is off. How do I manage the OS-Gemini? The OS-Gemini has a built-in web server. At installation, the unit is configured with an IP address so that the web server can then be accessed from any browser equipped terminal.
12 Glossary AES Advanced Encryption Standard NLOS non-Line-of-Sight ARP Address Resolution Protocol ODU Outdoor Unit ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying DC Direct Current PC IBM Compatible Personal Computer DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection PING Packet INternet Groper ETSI European Telecommunications POE Power over Ethernet Standards Institute PSU Power Supply Unit FAQ Frequently Asked Question PTP Point-to-Point GPS
13 Index About This Guide ......................................6 Disclaimer .................................................2 Aligning the ODUs ..................................29 Distance ..................................................16 Antenna Gain..........................................86 Dynamic Frequency Selection................40 ARQ Is Not Configured ...........................32 Elapsed Time Indicator.....................32, 34 ARQ State.........................................
Home Page.............................................31 Mounting the ODUs ................................22 IDU Site Selection...................................18 Networking Information...........................16 Install Pages ...........................................44 ODU Site Selection.................................18 Install Status ...........................................32 ODU to IDU Connection .........................78 Installation...............................................
Repair and Service ...................................7 Software Version ....................................34 Reset ......................................................66 Specifications..........................................72 Reset System Counters..........................43 Statistics Page ........................................42 Reset System Histograms ......................43 Statistics Page Refresh Period...............43 Routing the Cable ...................................
Wan Good Rx Packets ...........................42 Who Should Use This Guide ....................6 Wan Good Tx Packets............................42 Wireless Channels..................................54 Warranty .................................................13 Wireless Configuration ...........................47 Web Page Reference .............................31 Wireless Link Availability ............43, 54, 55 Welcome...................................................6 Wireless Link Status .....
