BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide November, 1998 Cat. No.
© 1998 by BreezeCOM Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without the written permission of the copyright owner. Trade Names BreezeNET and BreezeLINK are trade names of BreezeCOM Ltd. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.
Statement of Conditions The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. BreezeCOM Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it. Warranty In the following warranty text, “the Company” shall mean: - BreezeCOM Inc., for products located in the USA. - BreezeCOM Ltd., for products located outside the USA.
CONTACTING BREEZECOM TECHNICAL SUPPORT Should you need assistance beyond the scope of this guide, please contact your local BreezeCOM reseller or distributor. If they cannot solve your problem, feel free to contact the BreezeCOM Technical Support Depatrment. The support representatives can assist you in solving any problems that cannot be solved by your reseller.
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series.......................................1-1 1.1. How to Use This Guide..........................................................................1-1 1.2. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Features ......................................................1-2 1.3. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Product Line ...............................................1-3 1.3.1. Access Point..........................................................................
Table of Contents 3.6. Site Survey Menu ................................................................................3-14 3.6.1. System Counters.......................................................................3-15 3.6.2. Survey Software.......................................................................3-18 3.6.3. Using the Site Survey Software ................................................3-19 3.6.4. Using the Rx Packets per Frequency Histogram........................3-22 3.7.
Table of Contents 5.2.1. Site Selection Factors ...............................................................5-12 5.2.2. Antennas for Indoor applications ..............................................5-14 5.2.3. Construction Materials .............................................................5-15 5.2.4. Cell Size...................................................................................5-15 5.3. Outdoor Installation Considerations .....................................................5-16 5.3.
Table of Contents 8.2.2. Ethernet Counters.......................................................................8-3 9. Appendix 9-1 9.1. Supported MIBs and Traps ....................................................................9-1 9.1.1. Supported MIBs .........................................................................9-1 9.1.2. Supported Traps .........................................................................9-2 9.2. Technical Specifications ...............................................
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE BREEZENET PRO.11 SERIES This chapter explains how to use this guide, presents the members of the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series, describes the benefits of BreezeNET PRO.11 Wireless LANs, and lists the product specifications. 1.1. How to Use This Guide This User’s Guide contains instructions for overall planning and setting up your wireless LAN, and provides details of how to install each unit, and how to install antennas and accessories.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series • Chapter 8 System Troubleshooting – Contains a troubleshooting guide that provides answers to some of the more common problems which may occur when installing and using BreezeNET PRO.11 Series products. • Chapter 9 Appendix – This appendix lists MIBs and traps supported by BreezeNET PRO.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series • Future-proof Investment – All “infrastructure” items in the PRO.11 Series line offer Flash updates. • SA-PCR Card – The SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card is extremely compact and does not extend beyond your PC. It comes with two retractable antennas, or two connectors to which antennas may be connected. Multirate support for 1, 2, and 3 Mbps guarantees efficient use of the medium.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.3.1. Access Point The Access Point is fully compliant with the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. The BreezeNET Access Point is a wireless hub that provides access for wireless workstations into wired Ethernet LANs.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Balancing algorithm to divide the stations equally between the available colocated Access Points. The BreezeNET Access Point contains an embedded SNMP agent enabling effective management by BreezeVIEW or any standard SNMP management station. Software upgrades can be downloaded by TFTP protocol via the wired LAN or wireless LAN. The Access Point is available in two models: • AP-10 PRO.11 with two integrated omni-directional antennas. • AP-10D PRO.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series databases via the BreezeNET Access Point. Any two wireless stations in two different cells can communicate through their Access Points. Workstations that can be connected to the wireless LAN include PCs, XTerminals, Digital, SUN, HP, IBM, and Apple computers, and any other device that supports Ethernet. The unit is transparent to the workgroup devices’ hardware, software, and network operating system.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series The Four Port Station Adapter enables connected workstations to communicate with other wireless stations in the same cell coverage area, and to access all network resources such as file servers, wired stations, printers and shared databases via the BreezeNET Access Point. The Four Port Station Adapter also allows highly efficient and fast wired communication among the four connected workstations.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.3.4. Workgroup Bridge The BreezeNET Workgroup Bridge is a high-speed, wide-range wireless LAN bridge that provides connectivity to remote Ethernet networks. Figure 1.4: WB-10D PRO.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series The Workgroup Bridge is available in two models: • WB-10 PRO.11 with two integrated 2dbi omni-directional antennas. • WB-10D PRO.11 with two external antenna connector ports. 1.3.5. PC Card The PC Card gives the portable computer user continuous connectivity and complete mobility, allowing seamless roaming throughout the wireless LAN campus. Figure 1.5: The SA-PCR PRO.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series Transmission and reception can be continued while moving at high speed with no data packet loss or duplication. The PC Card is available in two models: • SA-PCR PRO.11 with two integrated omni-directional retractable antennas. • SA-PCD PRO.11 with two external antenna connector ports. 1.3.6. Extended Range Access Point and Bridge Note: This product complies with European ETSI 300-328 and should only be used in countries which implement this standard.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1.4. BreezeNET PRO.11 Functional Description BreezeNET PRO.11 units add wireless functionality to existing Ethernet LANs. 1.4.1. Quick Review of Ethernet Standard Ethernet LAN stations are wired to a common bus. When one of the stations sends a message, it assigns a destination address to the message and sends the message on the bus. All stations on the bus “hear” the message, but only the station with the proper address processes the message. 1.4.2.
Introduction To The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series And when the AP-10 receives a message destined for the station, it wirelessly forwards the message to the SA-10. The first time the station sends a message, the station’s address is registered in the AP-10. The AP-10 keeps only the first address for each SA-10, so the SA-10 will not work properly if connected to more than one station. 1.4.5.
Basic Installation 2. BASIC INSTALLATION This chapter describes how to physically install most BreezeNET PRO.11 Series units. Installation for the SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Adapter is described in Chapter 4. The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series is a plug-and-play solution, and the units begin to function when the following basic installation is complete. However, you can adapt the system to your particular needs using the local terminal (see Chapter 3).
Basic Installation The AP-10 PRO.11 and AP-10DE Access Points come with the following additional components: • The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series User’s Guide. • A monitor connector cable for connecting the units to a monitor in order to perform Local Terminal Management functions (see section 3.1). • Proprietary MIB disk for performing remote unit configuration and monitoring via SNMP (see section 9.1.1). Open the packaging carefully and make sure that none of the items listed above are missing.
Basic Installation 2.3.1. Additional Considerations When Positioning the Access Point When positioning the AP-10 PRO.11 and AP-10DE Access Points, take into account the following additional considerations. Height Install the Access Point at least 1.5m above the floor, clear of any high office partitions or tall pieces of furniture in the coverage area. The Access Point can be placed on a high shelf, or can be attached to the ceiling or a wall using a mounting bracket.
Basic Installation 2.5. Connect the Unit to the Ethernet Port • Connect one end of a an Ethernet 10BaseT cable (not supplied) to the RJ-45 port on the rear panel of the unit (marked UTP). • Connect the other end of the connector cable to the Ethernet outlet: • When connecting an SA-10 or SA-40 to a PC, use a straight cable. • When connecting an AP-10 or WB-10 to a LAN, use a straight cable. • When connecting an AP-10 or WB-10 to a PC, use a crossed cable.
Basic Installation 2.6. Check Unit Functionality using LED indicators Check the unit functionality by using the LEDs on the front panel. The following tables describe the front panel LEDs for Stations (SA-10, SA-40) and Bridges (WB-10), and for Access Points. 2.6.1.
Basic Installation 2.6.2.
Device Setup and Management 3. DEVICE SETUP AND MANAGEMENT This chapter explains how to access the local terminal program, and how to use the terminal program to setup, configure, and manage most BreezeNET PRO.11 Series units. Setup, configuration and management for the SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Adapter is described in Chapter 4. The BreezeNET PRO.11 Series is a plug-and-play solution and operates immediately after physical installation without any user intervention.
Device Setup and Management ⇒ To use Local Terminal Management: 1. Press an option number to open/activate the option. You may need to press Enter in some cases. 2. Press Esc to exit a menu or option. 3. Reset the unit after making configuration changes. 3.2. Configuration Screens Listed below are the menus, sub-menus, and parameters/options in the terminal program that the Installer can edit. Default values are listed where applicable. Numbers in the table below indicate how to reach each option.
Device Setup and Management 2. Advanced Settings 3. Site Survey 1.5 Station Control 2.3 Performance 1.5.1 Reset Unit 1.5.2 Set Factory Defaults 2.3.1 Dwell Time (AP Only) 128 msec Enabled 2.4 Radio 2.4.4 Auto Calibration 3.1 System Counters 3.1.1 Display Counters 3.1.2 Reset Counters 3.2 Survey Software 3.2.1 Operation Mode 3.2.2 Data Type 3.3.3 Data Rate 3.3.4 Antenna 3.3.5 Power Level 3.3.6 Number of Packets to Tx 3.3.7 Time Between Packets 3.3.8 Packet Length 3.3.
Device Setup and Management 3.4. System Configuration Menu BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version: 4.211 Date: 25 Jun 1998 15:46:24 System Configuration menu ========================= 1 - Station Status 2 - IP and SNMP Parameters 3 - Wireless LAN Parameters 4 – Security 5 - Bridging 6 - Station Control Select option > Figure 3.2: System Configuration Menu 3.4.1.
Device Setup and Management relevant only to the SA-10). The AP does not forward packets to the station when it is in this mode. • Associated - The station is associated with an AP and has adopted the attached PC MAC address (for SA-10) or uses the unit’s H/W address (SA-40 and WB-10), and is receiving packets from the LAN. • AP Address (Station Only) – Address of the AP with which the unit is currently associated.
Device Setup and Management • 3.4.3. Display Current Values – Displays information concerning the current status of all IP-related items. Wireless LAN (WLAN) Parameters The WLAN Parameters Menu contains the following options: • Hopping Sequence (AP Only) – Hopping sequence of the unit. A hopping sequence is a pre-defined series of channels (frequencies) that are used in a specific, pseudo-random order as defined in the sequence.
Device Setup and Management Australia set 1 = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57 set 2 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 58 set 3 = 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59 Canada set 1 = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 set 2 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 set 3 = 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 EthAirNet (1.
Device Setup and Management Japan set 1 = 6, 9,12,15 set 2 = 7,10,13,16 set 3 = 8,11,14,17 Korea set 1 = 6, 9,12,15 set 2 = 7,10,13,16 set 3 = 8,11,14,17 Netherlands set 1 = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 set 2 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 set 3 = 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 Spain set 1 = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 set 2 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 set 3 = 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26 US FCC and Europe ETSI set 1 = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75 set 2 = 1, 4, 7, 10
Device Setup and Management associate with an AP that has the same ESSID. Use different ESSIDs to segment the WLAN network and add security. Note: The ESSID is case-sensitive. • Maximum Data Rate – Maximum data rate of the unit. BreezeNET PRO.11 units operate at 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps or 3 Mbps. The unit adaptively selects the highest possible rate for transmission. Under certain conditions (compatibility reasons or for range/speed trade-off) you may decide to limit the use of higher rates.
Device Setup and Management stations distribute themselves evenly among the APs to best divide the traffic between the APs. • Long Range – Whether long range communication is enabled for the unit. Enable long range only when units are more than 20 km apart. When long range is enabled, a unit that has transmitted will allow more time for an ACK to be received from the other unit. It is not recommended to enable long range for links under 20 km.
Device Setup and Management will switch back to Reject Unknown bridging mode. This procedure prevents packets destined for stations behind the bridge from getting lost. The value of this parameter is the length of time in seconds that the AP will remain in special mode. • IP Filtering – Whether IP filtering is enabled for the unit. Enable IP Filtering to filter out any other protocol (such as IPX) if you want that only IP traffic will pass through the WLAN.
Device Setup and Management • Partial – All parameters revert except for Japan Call Sign (if applicable), IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Hopping Sequence, Hopping Set, ESSID, Transmit Diversity, Long Range, Preferred AP, IP Filtering, Hopping Standard, Power Level, Auto Calibration. 3.5. Advanced Settings Menu BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version: 4.
Device Setup and Management 3.5.1. Performance The Performance menu contains parameters regarding unit performance: • 3.5.2. RTS Threshold – Minimum packet size to require an RTS. For packets smaller than this threshold, an RTS is not sent and the packet is transmitted directly to the WLAN. Radio The Radio menu contains the following major parameters: • Hopping Standard – The Hopping Standard is a set of rules regarding the radio transmission standard allowed in each country.
Device Setup and Management 3.5.4. Maintenance The Maintenance menu contains the following major parameters and information: • Display Alarm Log – The last four error messages that the unit displayed since the last Factory Defaults reset. The Alarm log stores events in four levels of error notifications: MSG (Message), WRN (Warning), ERR (Error), and FTL (Fatal).
Device Setup and Management The following sections first describe the sub-menus in the Site Survey menu, and then explain step-by-step how to perform a Site Survey. The Site Survey menu contains two sub-menus: • System Counters • Survey Software 3.6.1. System Counters The System counters are a simple yet very efficient tool to monitor, interpret and analyze the Wireless LAN performance. The counters contain statistics concerning Wireless and Ethernet frames.
Device Setup and Management • Received good frames – The number of good frames (i.e. frames with no errors) received from the UTP port. • Forwarded to the bridge – The number of received frames that were forwarded to the unit’s internal bridge. This counter should be equal to the number of good frames unless the internal bridge is overloaded. • Missed Frames – Frames that the unit recognized but failed to read due to internal bridge overload.
Device Setup and Management UTP port and forwarded to the internal bridge which decided to transmit them to the wireless media). • Total Transmitted Data Frames – This counter is similar to the above but counts only data frames. In most BreezeNET PRO.11 units, the number of total transmitted frames and total transmitted frames (bridge) are identical. In the case of the AP, due to the inclusion of beacon frames, this number will be higher than that for Total transmitted frames.
Device Setup and Management • Total Received Frames - The number of frames received from the wireless media. The count includes data and control frames (including beacons received from AP’s). • Total Received Data Frames – The number of data frames received from the wireless media. • Total Received Fragments – The total number of frames received, including data, control and duplicate data frames (see duplicates and dwell timeouts parameter below).
Device Setup and Management • Power Level – Level of power at which the unit is operating. There are two possibilities, Low or High. In this case, the unit is operating at a high power level. Do not make any changes to this setting. • Number of Packets to Tx – Number of data packets transmitted. Do not make any changes to this setting. • Time Between Packets – Time between data packets measured in 100 millisecond units. Do not make any changes to this setting.
Device Setup and Management • Data Type • Data Rate • Antenna • Power Level • Number of Packets to Transmit • Time Between Packets • Packet Length • Frequency Hopping menu These sub-menus reflect the defaults already set in the unit and need not be changed in order to carry out the survey. 5. Start the survey by selecting option (S) in the Survey Software menu in both units.
Device Setup and Management 7. On the receive side of the link, the screen displays a table showing the packet number received, the frequency at which each packet was transmitted, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for each antenna and the antenna that was selected for reception (refer to Figure 3.6). Use only the RSSI reading from the selected antenna. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version: 4.
Device Setup and Management reaches a certain level after which the RSSI begins to decrease. This is the maximum attainable RSSI level indicating optimum receive antenna alignment. 10. Switch the functions of either side of the link (set the transmit unit to receive and the receive unit to transmit) and repeat the procedure to check the link from the opposite direction. 3.6.4.
Device Setup and Management 3.7. Access Control Menu Access Control functions enable the System Administrator or Installer to limit access to Local Terminal Maintenance setup and configuration menus. BreezeNET PRO.11 Series (SA-10) Version: 4.211 Date: 25 Jun 1998 15:46:24 Access Control menu =================== 1 - Change Access Rights 2 - Change Installer Password S - Show Current Access Right Select option > 1 Figure 3.
Device Setup and Management configuration and setup. The password is limited to eight printable ASCII characters. This option is not available at User level. • Show Current Access Right – This read-only screen presents the current access right configuration. Important: If you change the Installer password do not forget it, or you will be unable to change the unit's access rights. BreezeNET PRO.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4. SA-PCR PRO.11 PC CARD INSTALLATION, SETUP, AND MANAGEMENT The SA-PCR Card brings wireless connectivity to laptops and hand-held devices. The latest version of the Card looks and functions very differently from the previous version. This chapter describes how to install the SA-PCR Card, and how to setup and manage the Card using the SA-PCR Configuration and SA-PCR Site Survey Windows applications. 4.1.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.2. Before You Begin Before installing, do the following: • Verify that the AP unit with which the SA-PCR unit will work is an AP-10 PRO.11. The SA-PCR PRO.11 will work only with an AP-10 PRO.11 unit. • It is advisable to turn on the AP before installing the SA-PCR, thereby enabling you to use the SA-PCR LEDs to check the status of the SAPCR when installation is complete. See section 4.1.4 for explanation of the LEDs.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.3.1 Installation for Windows 95 • Check which version of Windows 95 is running on your machine as follows: 1. Go to the Windows 95 desktop, right-click the My Computer icon, and select Properties. The System Properties window opens. Figure 4.1: System Properties Window – Windows 95B 2. Go to the General tab and look under the System heading. If the phrase 4.00.950b appears, then you are using Windows 95B, otherwise it is Windows 95A. 3.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.3.1.1 Installation for Windows 95A ⇒ To install on Windows 95A, do the following: 1. Insert the SA-PCR slot in the PCMCIA slot on your computer. Windows 95 detects the unit and displays the New Hardware Found window. Figure 4.2: New Hardware Found Window 2. Select the Driver from disk provided by hardware manufacturer option and press OK. 3. When prompted for the location of the driver, insert the BreezeCOM drivers diskette and type A:\ and
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.3.1.2 Installation for Windows 95B ⇒ To install on Windows 95B, do the following: 1. Insert the SA-PCR slot in the PCMCIA slot on your computer. Windows 95 detects the unit, briefly displays the New Hardware Found window, and then displays the Update Device Driver Wizard window. 2. Insert the BreezeCOM drivers diskette and press Next. When Windows 95 notifies it has found the driver, press Finish. 3.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.3.2 ⇒ Installation for Windows 98 To install on Windows 98, do the following: 1. Insert the SA-PCR slot in the PCMCIA slot on your computer. Windows detects the unit and displays the New Hardware Found window. 2. When the Add New Hardware Wizard window appears, press Next. 3. Select the Search for best driver option and press Next. 4. Insert the BreezeCOM drivers diskette, select the Floppy disk drives option, and press Next. 5.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.3.3 ⇒ Installation for Windows NT To install on Windows NT, do the following: 1. Press the Windows Start button, select Settings, and then select Control Panel. Double-click on the Network icon. 2. If the message The Windows NT Networking is not installed. Do you want to install it now?, continue with step 2a. If this message does not appear, continue with step 2b. a. Press Yes and choose Wired to the network.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management Figure 4.4: Windows NT Diagnostics Window 7. Press IRQ and verify that IRQ 11 is not taken. If it is, find an IRQ that is not taken. For example, in the illustration IRQ 2 is not taken. 8. Press Memory and verify that memory from D0000h to D3FFFh is not taken. If it is, find another free memory location, such as E0000h. 9. Return to the SA-PCR LAN Adapter Properties window (refer to Figure 4.3).
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.4. Checking the LED Indicators Verify proper operation of the SA-PCR using the LED indicators: Color Description Yellow Link Status Green Data Traffic Meaning Blink – Scanning Solid –Associated Blink – According to traffic The LED indicators are useful only if there is an activated AP in the area. 4.1.5.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.1.7. Troubleshooting Tips This section provides hints regarding troubleshooting installation: • Check for conflicting resources – Press the Windows Start button, select Settings, and then select Control Panel. Double-click on the Network icon and go to the Adapters tab. An exclamation point next to the WLAN card indicates a conflict with another driver or device. Figure 4.5: Network Window • Check autoexec.bat and config.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • 4.1.8. Reinstall – After disabling conflicting resources, reinstall the SA-PCR. Uninstalling SA-PCR Drivers and Applications This section describes how to uninstall the SA-PCR drivers, and the SA-PCR applications. ⇒ To uninstall SA-PCR drivers: If your operating system is Windows 95, you must first do the following: 1. Press the Windows Start button, select Settings, and then Select Control Panel.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.2. Using the SA-PCR Configuration Application This section describes how to use the SA-PCR Configuration application to configure and manage your SA-PCR Card. 4.2.1. Accessing the Application Open the SA-PCR Configuration application as follows: • Press the Start button, select Programs, select the BreezeCOM Application program group and choose Configuration. The SA-PCR Configuration main window opens. 4.2.2.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • Stop and refresh the driver as follows: • Right-click the My Computer icon on the desktop, choose Properties, and go to the Device Manager tab. • Select Network Adapters, select BreezeCOM WLAN Adapter, and press Refresh. 4.2.4. Station Status Tab The Station Status tab of the SA-PCR Configuration application displays basic information about the Card and its drivers and shows current Card status. Figure 4.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • MAC Address – Displays the unit’s unique IEEE MAC address. • AP Address – The MAC address of the AP with which the unit is currently associated. • Station Status – Current status of the unit. There are three options: • Scanning - The unit is searching for an AP with which to associate. • Associated – The unit is associated with an AP and has adopted the attached PC MAC address.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management The WLAN Parameters tab contains the following parameters: • ESSID – An ASCII string of up to 32 characters used to identify a WLAN that prevents the unintentional merging of two co-located WLANs. It is essential that the ESSID is set to the same value in all stations and Access Points in the extended WLAN. Note: The ESSID is case-sensitive. • Maximum Data Rate – By default, the unit adaptively selects the highest possible rate for transmission.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.2.6. Station Control Tab The Station Control tab of the SA-PCR Configuration application allows you to return the Card to default configuration values, and export/import configuration files. Figure 4.8: Station Control Tab The Station Control tab contains the Default button which returns all parameters to factory default values.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.2.7. Access Rights Tab The Access Rights tab of the SA-PCR Configuration application lets you login to the Card as User, Installer, or Technician, and lets you change the password. Figure 4.9: Access Rights Tab The Access Rights tab displays the current mode (User, Installer, or Technician) in the Present Mode box. This mode determines the extent of access to system parameters.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management ⇒ To change the Access Rights mode: 1. Select the radio button next to the desired mode. 2. Type in the password. No password is necessary to lower the access right level. 3. Press Set mode. The name of the new mode appears in the Present Mode box. ⇒ To change the password for Installer Access Rights mode: 1. Look at the Present Mode box to verify that you are in Installer mode. 2. Press Change Password. 3.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.2.8. Power Management Tab Note: The Power Management tab is not yet implemented. The Power Management tab of the SA-PCR Configuration application allows you to enable/disable power management mode, and to fine tune the power management mode parameters. This tab is not visible when in User login mode. When in Installer login mode, you can see the parameters. When in Technician login mode, can edit the parameters. Figure 4.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • Transmit Time Interval (msec) – At what intervals the unit “wakes up”. • Transmit Duration (msec) – How long the unit remains “awake”. • Scanning Attempts – How many times the “awake” unit cycles through the frequencies, before “going back to sleep”. 4.2.9. Maintenance Tab The Maintenance tab of the SA-PCR Configuration application allows you to cause the unit to verify firmware/driver compatibility, and set how the unit handles 802.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management incompatible. Detailed information about the versions appears at the bottom of the window. • Transmission Mode – This parameter cannot be modified by the Installer. • Versions – Windows drivers are divided into three files: Brzcom.vxd, Brzwlanw.sys, and Brzwlan.inf. The version number of all these files must be identical. control information of these files is displayed. The Configuration application file is called BrzConfig.exe.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management The Radio tab contains the following parameters: • Power Level – Level of power at which the unit is operating. There are two possibilities, Low or High. • Hopping Standard – The Hopping Standard is a set of rules regarding the radio transmission standard allowed in each country. Units will work together only if set to the same hopping standard. Use this parameter to set the unit’s hopping standard to that of the relevant country. 4.2.11.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management not sent and the packet is transmitted directly to the WLAN. If your wireless network has more than 7 stations (all SA-PCRs, or a mix of SAPCRs and SA-10/40s), set the RTS Threshold to 1600. 4.3. Using the SA-PCR Site Survey Application This section describes how to use the SA-PCR Site Survey application to manage your SA-PCR Card. The Site Survey application keeps you informed of the signal strength your unit is receiving.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.3.1. Accessing the SA-PCR Site Survey Application Open the SA-PCR Site Survey application as follows: • Press the Start button, select Programs, select the BreezeCOM Application program group and choose Site Survey. The SA-PCR Configuration main window opens. Figure 4.14: SA-PCR Site Survey 4.3.2.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • Signal Strength – The strength of the signal from the AP in dBm. The table below maps the signal strength indicators to dBm ranges: Signal dBm Poor less than -74 Fair -74 to -69 Good -68 to -61 Very Good greater than -61 • Signal Bar – The signal bar is a graphical representation of the signal strength. The longer the bar, the stronger the signal.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management • Survey Log – Opens the Survey Log at the bottom of the main window. The Survey Log displays the information recorded using the Record button. Press Clear Log to clear the Survey Log. Press Delete Last to delete the last recorded reading. Figure 4.15: Survey Log • Iconize – Closes the Site Survey window and opens the Connection Quality Graph that indicates current signal strength of the associated AP at a glance.
SA-PCR PRO.11 PC Card Installation, Setup, and Management 4.3.3. Performing a Site Survey with the SA-PCR You can run a Site Survey to compare reception at various locations. This is extremely useful when first setting up the wireless LAN, since you can easily determine where reception is good or bad, and where many Access Points overlap. ⇒ To run a Site Survey: 1. Open the Site Survey application. 2. Press Survey Log to expand the bottom of the Site Survey window. 3.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5. PLANNING AND INSTALLING WIRELESS LANS All products in the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series are available in several models: standard, “D”, and “DE”. The standard model is equipped with two integrated 2 dBi omni-directional antennas and is suitable for indoor, shortto-medium range installations. The “D” and “DE” models are equipped with two customized female connectors for use with a range of external antennas.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.1.1. Single Cell Configuration A basic BreezeNET cell consists of an Access Point and the wireless workstations associated with it. You can convert most workstations (PCs, X-Terminals, Apple, Digital, SUN, HP, IBM and others) that are equipped with an Ethernet network interface card (NIC) to wireless workstations simply by connecting a BreezeNET SA-10 PRO.11 Station Adapter.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Omni-7.2 antenna comes with a 20ft. low loss cable and a mast mount bracket for rooftop installations. The remote units should use directional antennas aimed in the direction of the AP’s antenna(s). 5.1.1.3 Mobile Applications In mobile applications, station orientation changes continuously. In order to maintain connectivity throughout the entire coverage area, most mobile applications require omni-directional antennas for both Access Points and wireless stations.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs The WB-10 PRO.11 also enables connectivity between a wireless LAN and individual workstations or workgroups located outside the LAN. The WB-10 PRO.11 enables these wireless stations in its coverage area to communicate with the wireless LAN and gain access to all of the network resources such as file servers, printers and shared databases. Figure 5.2: Wireless Bridging Between Two or More Wireless LAN Segments 5.1.1.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 4. Make any necessary adjustments, for example: • Adjust the antennas • Adjust the location of the Station Adapter • Adjust the location of the Access Point 5. Proceed to setup the other workstations. Figure 5.3: Single Cell Configuration BreezeNET PRO.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.1.2. Overlapping Cell Configuration When two adjacent Access Points are positioned close enough to each other, a part of the coverage area of Access Point #1 overlaps that of Access Point #2. This overlapping area has two very important attributes: • Any workstation situated in the overlapping area can associate and communicate with either Access Point #1 or Access Point #2.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 6. Position the wireless workstation approximately the same distance from the two Access Points. 7. Temporarily disconnect the first Access Point from the power supply. Verify radio signal reception from the first Access Point. View the LED indicators of the front panel of the Station Adapter, or the Site Survey application of the SA-PCR Card, to check signal strength of the first Access Point. 8.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.1.3. Multicell Configuration Areas congested by many users and a heavy traffic load may require a multicell structure. In a multicell structure, several Access Points are installed in the same location. Each Access Point has the same coverage area, thereby creating a common coverage area that increases aggregate throughput. Any workstation in the overlapping area can associate and communicate with any Access Point covering that area.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Note: It is not necessary at this point to connect the Access Points to an Ethernet backbone, since Access Points continuously transmit signals (beacon frames) whether they are connected to an Ethernet backbone or not. Figure 5.5: Multicell Configuration BreezeNET PRO.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.1.4. Multi-hop Configuration (Relay) When you want to connect two sites between which a line-of-sight does not exist, an AP-WB pair can be positioned at a third location where line-ofsight exists with each of the original locations. This third location then acts as a relay point. In areas where a wired LAN backbone is not available, another AP can be added to the AP-WB relay to distribute a wireless backbone.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Figure 5.6: Multihop Configuration 6. If desired, an additional AP may be added at the main office and remote site, and between each AP-WB pair to provide wireless LANs at those points (see illustration). Figure 5.7: Advanced Multihop Configuration 7. Install Station Adapters or SA-PCR Cards on workstations (refer to section 2, Basic Installation). BreezeNET PRO.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.2. Indoor Installation considerations This chapter describes various considerations to take into account when planning an indoor installation including site selection, antenna diversity, antenna polarization, construction materials, and cell size. Figure 5.8: BreezeNET LAN in a typical office environment 5.2.1. Site Selection Factors BreezeNET PRO.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Microwave Ovens For best performance, position the units clear of radiation sources that emit in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, such as microwave ovens. Antennas Make sure the antennas are extended upward vertically in relation to the floor. For models with external antennas, connect the external antennas and RF cable. Heat Sources Keep the units well away from sources of heat, such as radiators, airconditioners, etc. 5.2.1.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.2.2. Antennas for Indoor applications For most indoor applications, the best choice is the standard unit equipped with its integrated 2dBi antennas. The units are small, easy to install and cover a large area. In some installations, it is required to install the unit and antenna separately. In such instances, use the AP-10D with the omni-6 antenna kit (6dbi omnidirectional antenna with 3 meter RG-58 cable).
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.2.3. Construction Materials A cell’s coverage area is affected by the construction materials of the walls, partitions, ceilings, floors and the furnishings of the cell. Due to their intrinsic nature, these materials may cause radio signal loss: • Metal objects reflect radio signals. They do not let the signals pass through. • Wood, glass, plastic and brick reflect part of the radio signals and allow part of the radio signals to pass through.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Open Indoor Areas Open office areas with no partitioning and no obstacles between the Access Point and the BreezeNET workstation. The suggested maximum distance between Access Point and workstation: Standard AP-10 PRO.11: ............................. 200m (600 ft.) Semi-Open Indoor Areas Open-plan offices partitioned into individual workspaces, factory floor areas, warehouses, etc.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Path of Clearest Propagation A propagation path is the path that signals traverse between the antennas of any two bridges. The “line” between two antenna sites is an imaginary straight line which may be drawn between the two antennas. Any obstacles in the path of the “line” degrade the propagation path. The best propagation path is, therefore, a clear line of sight with good clearance between the “line” and any physical obstacle.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.3.2. Rooftop Installation Warning: Rooftop antenna installations are extremely dangerous! Incorrect installation may result in death, serious injury and/or damage. Such installations should be performed by professional antenna installers only! Rooftop installations offer several advantages: • Increased antenna range. • Less obstacles in path. • Improved performance due to greater height. • Reduced multipath problems. 5.3.3.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Check antenna alignment by using the LED indicators on the front panel of whichever adapter is used in the link (WB-10D or SA-10/40D). These LED indicators provide indication of reception quality. ⇒ To perform antenna alignment: 1. Assemble antennas according to the assembly instructions included with the antenna set. 2. Mount the antennas as high as possible. 3. Connect the coaxial cable to the AP at the main site. 4.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs When installing a single antenna, modify the transmit diversity option to either antenna 1 or antenna 2, according to the antenna being used (refer to section 3.4.3). 5.3.3.5 Antenna Polarization Antenna polarization must be the same at either end of the link. In most applications, the preferred orientation is vertical polarization. Above-ground propagation of the signal is better when it is polarized vertically.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.3.6. Link Distance Link distance is the maximum distance between the AP and the station adapter, usually related to point-to-point installations using external antennas. For open outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sight between the Access Point and the wireless bridge, the suggested maximum distance is: AP-10D PRO.11 with external antennas....... up to 10Km (7 miles) in the USA up to 2.5Km in Europe AP-10DE PRO.11 with external antennas.....
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.3.8. FCC Outdoor Range Tables (USA) The following tables are compliant with FCC regulations. Table 5.2: BreezeNET USA/FCC Range Table - 1 Mbps Ant. Omni2 Omni-6 Omni-7 Uni-8.5 Uni-11 Uni-13 Uni-16 Uni-18 Uni-24 2 dBi 5 dBi 6 dBi 6.5 dBi 9 dBi 11 dBi 14 dBi 15 dBi 19 dBi type Asmb gain Omni-2 2 dBi 2500 ft 3800 ft 3900 ft 4000 ft 1.0 mi 1.2 mi 1.4 mi 1.5 mi 1.9 mi Omni-6 5 dBi 3800 ft 4300 ft 4600 ft 4800 ft 1.2 mi 1.5 mi 1.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Table 5.4: BreezeNET USA/FCC Range Table - 3 Mbps Ant. Omni-2 Omni-6 Omni-7 Uni-8.5 Uni-11 Uni-13 Uni-16 Uni-18 Uni-24 2 dBi 5 dBi 6 dBi 6.5 dBi 9 dBi 11 dBi 14 dBi 15 dBi 19 dBi type Asmb gain Omni-2 2 dBi 500 ft 750 ft 800 ft 850 ft 1200 ft 1600 ft 0.4 mi 0.5 mi 0.6 mi Omni-6 5 dBi 750 ft 900 ft 1000 ft 1100 ft 1600 ft 2000 ft 0.5 mi 0.6 mi 0.7 mi Omni-7 6 dBi 800 ft 1000 ft 1000 ft 1200 ft 1700 ft 2100 ft 0.6 mi 0.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Table 5.6: BreezeNET Europe and ROW Range Table – D Models Data Rate = 2Mbps, Sen=-75dBm Antenna Kit Omni-2 Omni-6 Uni-8.5 Uni-18/20 (Low) Uni-18/15 (Low) Uni-18/10 (Low) Omni-2 350m 400m 380m 330m 370m 400m Omni-6 400m 450m 420m 380m 410m 450m Uni-8.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Table 5.9: BreezeNET Europe and ROW Range Table – DE Models Data Rate = 2Mbps, Sen=-79dBm Antenna Kit Uni-24/20 Uni-24/15 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/20 2,550m 2,690m 2,840m Uni-24/15 2,690m 2,840m 3,000m Uni-24/10 2,840m 3,000m 3,160m Table 5.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.3.11. Non-Regulated Outdoor Range Tables – D Models Table 5.11: BreezeNET Non-Regulation Range Table – D Models Data Rate = 1Mbps, Sen=-81dBm Antenna Kits Omni-2 Omni-6 Uni-8.5 Uni-18/20 Uni-18/15 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/20 Uni-24/15 Uni-24/10 Omni-2 710m 790m 750m 1,980m 2,090m 2,210m 3,050m 3,220m 3,400m Omni-6 790m 890m 840m 2,130m 2,250m 2,370m 3,280m 3,460m 3,650m Uni-8.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.3.12. Extending the range using the TPA-24 and LNA-10 The following tables show examples of how outdoor ranges of D-model units can be extended using the TPA-24 and LNA-10 devices. In the range tables below, the note LNA means that the LNA 10 Low Noise Receive Amplifier is used (see section 6.2). The note TPA means that the TPA 24 Transmit Power Amplifier is used (see section 6.1).
Table 5.14: TPA-24 and LNA-10 Extension Range Table. Data Rate = 1Mbps, Sen=-81dBm Transmit and Receive TX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6/10 Antenna Kits for Side A TX EIRP Transmit and Omni-6 (TPA) (TPA) Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 33 (TPA) (TPA) 42 42 (TPA) 48 30 30 33 RX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6 Omni- Omni-6 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 (LNA 10) 6/10 (LNA) RX Gain 4 8.35 4 8.35 16 20.
Table 5.15: TPA-24 and LNA-10 Extension Range Table. Data Rate = 2Mbps, Sen=-75dBm Transmit and Receive TX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6/10 Antenna Kits for Side A TX EIRP Transmit and Omni-6 (TPA) (TPA) Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 33 (TPA) (TPA) 42 42 (TPA) 48 30 30 33 RX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6 Omni- Omni-6 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 (LNA 10) 6/10 (LNA) RX Gain 4 8.35 4 8.35 16 20.
Table 5.16: TPA-24 and LNA-10 Extension Range Table. Data Rate = 3Mbps, Sen=-67dBm Transmit and Receive TX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6/10 Antenna Kits for Side A TX EIRP Transmit and Omni-6 (TPA) (TPA) Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 33 (TPA) (TPA) 42 42 (TPA) 48 30 30 33 RX kit Omni-6/10 Omni-6 Omni- Omni-6 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-18/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 Uni-24/10 (LNA 10) 6/10 (LNA) RX Gain 4 8.35 4 8.35 16 20.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.4. Available Antennas and Antenna Kits This following table describes several transmit/receive antennas that work well with BreezeNET PRO.11 units. Table 5.17: FCC Available Antennas (USA) Model OMNI-2 Ant. Cable Gain Len 2 dBi N/A Kit Contains: Ideal for: Disper- Dimensions sion. HxWxD 2 OMNI-2 Antennas Converting “D” 360°H/ 3"x.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Model OMNI-2 Ant. Cable Gain Len 2 dBi N/A Kit Contains: Ideal for: Disper- Dimensions sion. HxWxD 2 OMNI-2 Antennas Converting “D” 360°H/ 3"x.5" Proprietary SMA Models for use 60° V Tubular indoors OMNI-6 6 dBi 3m OMNI-6 Antenna Extending indoor 360°H/ 13"x0.75" 90° Mount Bracket range of access 26° V Tubular 3m RG-58 Cable points and station 4"x3.7"x1.2" adapters UNI-8.5 8.5 dBi 6m UNI-8.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs maximum total assembly gain of antennas and cables in this case equals 19dBi (USA) and 3dBi (Europe). Violation of government regulations exposes the end user to legal and financial liabilities. BreezeCOM and its resellers and distributors shall not be liable for expense or damage incurred as a result of installations which exceed local transmit gain limitations. 5.5.3.
Planning and Installing Wireless LANs 5.5.5. Rain Proofing 12, 18, and 24 dBi antennas must be sealed against rain at the point the cable enters the pole before they are suitable for external use. BreezeNET PRO.
Accessory Installation 6. ACCESSORY INSTALLATION This chapter introduces some of the accessories available for specific installations, and describes how to install them. 6.1. TPA 24 Transmit Power Amplifier (Booster) The TPA 24 transmit power amplifier is used to amplify the transmit power to a fixed output of 24 dBm (250 mW). The TPA 24 is especially useful when long RF cable runs are required.
Accessory Installation 6.1.1. ⇒ Installing the TPA 24 To install the TPA 24: 1. Choose one of the TPA 24 models according to the power level at the input of the booster. In general the NH model is used. For installations with long cables (high attenuations), the NL model should be used. 2. Choose one of the antenna connectors to be used for transmission. This connector is called the transmit antenna of the unit. 3. Configure the BreezeNET PRO.
Accessory Installation 6. Connect the RF cable leading from the Power Inserter to the transmit antenna on the BreezeNET PRO.11 unit. 7. Plug the power cable leading from the Power Inserter into any available 110/220V outlet. The power supply must be installed indoors. Note: Installations exceeding regulations set by local authorities expose the installer and the user to potential legal and financial liabilities. 8.
Accessory Installation 3. Connect the LNA 10 RF input directly to the receive antenna, as close as possible. 4. Attach the LNA 10 RF output directly to the RF cable going down to the receive antenna connector on the BreezeNET PRO.11 unit. 5. Connect the RG-59 coaxial cable which leads down to the Power Inserter to the “Signal and Power out” connector on the LNA 10. 6. Connect the Power Inserter to the power supply (both are indoor units). 7.
Accessory Installation 6.3. RFS 122 Radio Frequency Splitter The RFS 122 Radio Frequency Splitter is used to split the RF signal generated by a transmitter into two signals. These signals are then sent to two different and independent antennas. The RFS 122 enables radio transmission using two directional antennas connected to the same port of the BreezeNET PRO.11 unit. Similarly, the splitter is used to combine two receiving antennas to one antenna connector.
Accessory Installation For technical specifications, refer to section 9.2.5, Specifications for AL 1 Lightning Arrestor. Figure 6.4: AL-1 Connection Block Diagram One of the female-type N connectors is mounted directly through a hole in the shelter wall and held in place with a lockwasher and nut. BreezeNET PRO.
Upgrade Procedure 7. UPGRADE PROCEDURE Firmware upgrades to the unit's flash memory is done by a simple download procedure using a TFTP application. Before beginning an upgrade, be sure you have the correct files and latest instructions. Upgrade packages can be obtained at the BreezeCOM web site: www.breezecom.com. In general terms, upgrading includes the following steps: 1. Set up an IP connection to the device. You can verify working connection using the Ping command. 2.
System Troubleshooting 8. SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING The following troubleshooting guide provides answers to some of the more common problems which may occur when installing and using BreezeNET PRO.11 Series products. If problems not mentioned in this guide should arise, checking the Ethernet and WLAN counters may help (see section 8.2). If the problem persists, please feel free to contact your local distributor or the BreezeCOM Technical Support Department. 8.1.
System Troubleshooting Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action & 3, 2 & 6) if connected directly to workstation, or a straight-through cable if connected to a hub. 4. Check ETHR LED indicator in unit and Ethernet counters in Monitor to verify Ethernet activity (see section 3.6.1). Wireless link established, but 1. Ethernet port on Network 1. Verify that the LINK LED is lit and solid at the NIC port. there is no Ethernet activity (SA- Interface card is faulty.
System Troubleshooting Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action overly long extension cable may adversely affect performance). Unit associates with the wrong In a multicell structure with For a unit to associate with a specific Access Point, assign Access Point. overlapping cells, the units may a unique not associate with the closest ESSID to the Access Point and to all the units you want to Access Point. include in that wireless network.
Appendix 9. APPENDIX This appendix includes the following sections: • Supported MIBs and Traps – Lists MIBs and traps supported by BreezeNET PRO.11 Series products. • Technical Specifications – Lists product and attachment specifications. • Wireless LAN Concepts – Provides an overview of the concepts related to wireless LANs. • Radio Signal Propagation – Discusses the concepts and applications of radio signal propagation relevant to wireless LANs. • IEEE 802.
Appendix 9.1.2. Supported Traps The following traps are implemented by BreezeNET PRO.11 units. All BreezeNET PRO.11 units with enabled Trap Sending will send traps to the network’s designated managers. The traps can be viewed and filtered using SNMPc. To enable/disable Trap Sending for a device, use the IP and SNMP Parameters menu (see section 3.4.2). The following table lists the traps implemented by BreezeCOM PRO.
Appendix 9.2. Technical Specifications 9.2.1. Specifications for BreezeNET PRO.11 Units The following table provides the technical specifications for all products in the BreezeNET PRO.11 Series. Technical Specifications AP-10 PRO.11, SA-10/40 PRO.11, WB-10 PRO.11 SA-PCR PRO.11 SA-PCD PRO.11 Wired LAN interface Compliant with Ethernet / IEEE 802.
Appendix Access Points Station Adapters Ethernet Bridges AP-10 PRO.11 SA-10/40 PRO.11 WB-10 PRO.11 Technical Specifications SA-PCR/ SA-PCD Adapters SA-PC PRO.
Appendix Technical Specifications Access Points Station Adapters Ethernet Bridges AP-10 PRO.11 SA-10/40 PRO.11 WB-10 PRO.11 SA-PCR/ SA-PCD Adapters SA-PC PRO.11 Electrical External Power Supply 100V - 250V, 50-60Hz, 0.5A via network PC Input Voltage 5Vdc 5Vdc Power Consumption 1.5A (peak) - XMT 365mA (peak) 1.2A (average) - RCV 280mA (peak) Dimensions (without antennas and power supply) 5.1” x 3.4” x 1.35” standard PCMCIA (13cm x 8.
Appendix 9.2.2. Specifications for TPA 24 Transmit Power Amplifier Models used with the BreezeNET PRO.
Appendix 9.2.3. Specifications for LNA 10 Low Noise Receive Amplifier Gain 10dB Noise Figure 1.5dB Typ, 2dB Max. Response Flatness ± 1.5dB Max.
Appendix 9.2.4. Specifications for RFS 122 Radio Frequency Splitter Insertion Loss 3.8dB max. Isolation 19dB min. Power Rating 10 W max. Internal Load Dissipation 125 mW max. Input Impedance 50Ω Output Impedance 50Ω Connectors • SUM: N-type, Male • PORTS: N-type, Female (on each port) Operating Temperature -20° C to +85° C Dimensions 51mm x 51mm x 19mm (2” x 2” x 0.75”) Operating Environment Outdoor/Indoor Note: All specifications are subject to change without notice. 9.2.5.
Appendix 9.3. Wireless LAN Concepts Wireless LAN technology is becoming increasingly popular for a wide variety of applications. After evaluating the technology, users are convinced of its reliability, more than satisfied with its performance, and are ready to use it for large-scale and complex wireless networks.
Appendix Wireless LAN Topology Wireless LANs allow workstations to communicate and to access the network using radio propagation as the transmission medium. Wireless LANs can be connected to existing wired LANs as an extension, or can form the basis of a new network. While adaptable to both indoor and outdoor environments, wireless LANs are especially suited to indoor locations such as office buildings, manufacturing floors, hospitals and universities.
Appendix Each wireless LAN cell requires some communications and traffic management. This is coordinated by an Access Point (AP) which communicates with each wireless station in its coverage area. Stations also communicate with each other via the AP, so communicating stations can be hidden from one another. In this way, the AP functions as a relay, extending the range of the system. The AP also functions as a bridge between the wireless stations and the wired network and the other wireless cells.
Appendix Roaming When any area in the building is within reception range of more than one Access Point, the cells’ coverage is said to overlap. Each wireless station automatically establishes the best possible connection with one of the Access Points. Overlapping coverage areas are an important attribute of the wireless LAN setup, because this enables seamless roaming between overlapping cells. Figure 9.
Appendix equally share the load between all APs. Efficiency is maximized because all APs are working at the same low level load. Load balancing is also known as load sharing. Figure 9.5: The Common Coverage Area of a Multi-cell Structure Dynamic Rate Switching The data rate of each station is automatically adjusted according to the received signal quality. Performance (throughput) is maximized by increasing the data rate and decreasing re-transmissions.
Appendix If the medium is free for several microseconds, the unit can transmit for a limited time. If the medium is busy, the unit will back off for a random time before it senses again. Since transmitting units compete for air time, the protocol should ensure equal fairness between the stations.
Appendix 9.4. Radio Signal Propagation 9.4.1. Introduction This section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating to antennas and RF (Radio Frequency) used when dealing with an RF installation system. The following diagram depicts a typical radio system: Figure 9.6: A Typical Radio System A radio system transmits information to the transmitter. The information is transmitted through an antenna which converts the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave.
Appendix RF Power Level RF power level at either the transmitter output or the receiver input is expressed in Watts. It can also be expressed in dBm. The relation between dBm and Watts can be expressed as follows: PdBm = 10 x Log Pmw For example: 1 Watt = 1000 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 1000 = 30 dBm 100 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 100 = 20 dBm For link budget calculations, the dBm convention is more convenient than the Watts convention. Attenuation Attenuation (fading) of an RF signal is defined as follows: Figure 9.
Appendix Free Space Loss Attenuation of the electromagnetic wave while propagating through space. This attenuation is calculated using the following formula: Free space loss = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm) F is the RF frequency expressed in Mhz. R is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas. At 2.4 Ghz, this formula is: 100+20xLog(RKm) Antenna Characteristics Isotropic Antenna A hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions.
Appendix Figure 9.8: Side View Figure 9.9: Top View Directional Antenna Radiates and receives most of the signal power in one direction. The following diagram shows the radiation pattern of a directional antenna with its side lobes in polar form: Figure 9.10: Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna Antenna Beamwidth The directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two half-power (-3 dB) points on either side of the main lobe of radiation. BreezeNET PRO.
Appendix System Characteristics Receiver Sensitivity The minimum RF signal power level required at the input of a receiver for certain performance (e.g. BER). EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) The antenna transmitted power. Equal to the transmitted output power minus cable loss plus the transmitting antenna gain.
Appendix Link Budget Calculation EIRP = Pout - Ct + Gt = 16 dBm Pl = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm) ≅ 110 dB Si = EIRP - Pl + Gr - Cr = -82 dBm In conclusion, the received signal power is above the sensitivity threshold, so the link should work. The problem is that there is only a 2 dB difference between received signal power and sensitivity. Normally, a higher margin is desirable due to fluctuation in received power as a result of signal fading.
Appendix At high rain intensity (150 mm/hr), the fading of an RF signal at 2.4 GHz may reach a maximum of 0.02 dB/Km Wind may cause fading due to antenna motion • Interference Interference may be caused by another system on the same frequency range, external noise, or some other co-located system. The Line of Sight Concept An optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can be drawn connecting the antennas on either side of the link.
Appendix D: distance between sites Figure 9.13: Fresnel Zone Clear of Obstacles When at least 80% of the first Fresnel Zone is clear of obstacles, propagation loss is equivalent to that of free space. 9.5. IEEE 802.11 Technical Tutorial The purpose of this chapter is to give technical readers a basic overview of the new IEEE 802.11 Standard, enabling them to understand the basic concepts, principles of operation, and the reasons behind some of the features and/or components of the Standard.
Appendix Access Points are connected through some kind of backbone (called Distribution System or DS). This backbone is typically Ethernet but, in some cases, might be wireless itself. The whole interconnected wireless LAN, including the different cells, their respective Access Points and the Distribution System, is seen as a single 802 network to the upper layers of the OSI model and is known in the Standard as the Extended Service Set (ESS). The following diagram shows a typical 802.
Appendix • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) in the 2.4 GHz Band • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) in the 2.4 GHz Band, and • InfraRed 802.2 802.11 MAC FH DS IR Data Link Layer PHY Layer Beyond the standard functionality usually performed by MAC Layers, the 802.11 MAC performs other functions that are typically related to upper layer protocols, such as Fragmentation, Packet Retransmissions, and Acknowledges. 9.5.3.
Appendix While these Collision Detection Mechanisms are a good idea on a wired LAN, they cannot be used on a wireless LAN environment for two main reasons: 1. Implementing a Collision Detection Mechanism would require the implementation of a Full-Duplex radio capable of transmitting and receiving at the same time, an approach that would increase the price significantly. 2.
Appendix given duration, and use this information together with the Physical Carrier Sense when sensing the medium. This mechanism reduces the probability of a collision on the receiver area by a station that is “hidden” from the transmitter to the short duration of the RTS transmission because the station hears the CTS and “reserves” the medium as busy until the end of the transmission.
Appendix 9.5.3.4 Fragmentation and Reassembly Typical LAN protocols use packets several hundred bytes long (the longest Ethernet packet could be up to 1518 bytes long). There are several reasons why it is preferable to use smaller packets in a wireless LAN environment: • Due to the higher Bit Error Rate of a radio link, the probability of a packet getting corrupted increases with the packet size.
Appendix Figure 9.16: Frame Fragmentation 9.5.3.5 Inter Frame Spaces The Standard defines 4 types of Inter Frame Spaces, which are use to provide different priorities: • SIFS - Short Inter Frame Space, separates transmissions belonging to a single dialog (e.g. Fragment-Ack), and is the minimum Inter Frame Space. There is always at most one single station to transmit at any given time, therefore giving it priority over all other stations.
Appendix 9.5.3.6 Exponential Backoff Algorithm Backoff is a well known method used to resolve contention between different stations wanting to access the medium. The method requires each station to choose a Random Number (n) between 0 and a given number, and wait for this number of Slots before accessing the medium, always checking if a different station has accessed the medium before.
Appendix 9.5.4. How Does a Station Join an Existing Cell (BSS)? When a station wants to access an existing BSS (either after power-up, sleep mode, or just entering the BSS area), the station needs to get synchronization information from the Access Point (or from the other stations when in ad-hoc mode, which will be discussed later). The station can get this information by one of two means: 1.
Appendix 2. On a voice system, a temporary disconnection may not affect the conversation, while in a packet-based environment it significantly reduces performance because retransmission is then performed by the upper layer protocols. The 802.11 standard does not define how roaming should be performed, but defines the basic tools. These include active/passive scanning, and a reassociation process, where a station which is roaming from one Access Point to another becomes associated with the new one1. 9.5.6.
Appendix 9.5.7.1 Preventing Access to Network Resources This is done by the use of an Authentication mechanism where a station needs to prove knowledge of the current key. This is very similar to Wired LAN privacy, in the sense that an intruder needs to enter the premises (by using a physical key) in order to connect his workstation to the wired LAN. 9.5.7.2 Eavesdropping Eavesdropping is prevented by using the WEP algorithm which is a Pseudo Random Number Generator initialized by a shared secret key.
Appendix stations wake up in order to receive the Beacon Frame. If there is an indication that there is a frame stored at the AP waiting for delivery, then the station stays awake and sends a Polling message to the AP to get these frames. Multicasts and Broadcasts are stored by the AP, and transmitted at a preknown time (each DTIM), when all Power Saving stations who wish to receive this kind of frames are awake. 9.5.9.
Appendix 9.5.10.2 PLCP Header The PLCP Header is always transmitted at 1 Mbit/s and contains Logical information used by the PHY Layer to decode the frame. It consists of: • PLCP_PDU Length Word: which represents the number of bytes contained in the packet. This is useful for the PHY to correctly detect the end of packet. • PLCP Signaling Field: which currently contains only the rate information, encoded in 0.5 Mbps increments from 1 Mbit/s to 4.5 Mbit/s.
Appendix Protocol Version This field consists of 2 bits which are invariant in size and placement across following versions of the 802.11 Standard, and will be used to recognize possible future versions. In the current version of the standard the value is fixed as 0.
Appendix This bit is set to 1 when the frame is addressed to the AP for forwarding to the Distribution System (including the case where the destination station is in the same BSS, and the AP is to relay the frame). The Bit is set to 0 in all other frames. FromDS This bit is set to 1 when the frame is received from the Distribution System. More Fragments This bit is set to 1 when there are more fragments belonging to the same frame following the current fragment.
Appendix Duration/ID This field has two meanings depending on the frame type: • In Power-Save Poll messages this is the Station ID • In all other frames this is the duration value used for the NAV Calculation. Address Fields A frame may contain up to 4 Addresses depending on the ToDS and FromDS bits defined in the Control Field, as follows: • Address-1 is always the Recipient Address (i.e. the BSS station that is the immediate recipient of the packet).
Appendix Sequence Control The Sequence Control Field is used to represent the order of different fragments belonging to the same frame, and to recognize packet duplications. It consists of two subfields, Fragment Number and Sequence Number, which define the frame and the number of the fragment in the frame. CRC The CRC is a 32-bit field containing a 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 9.5.11. Most Common Frame Formats 9.5.11.1 RTS Frame Format The RTS frame looks as follows: Figure 9.
Appendix 9.5.11.2 CTS Frame Format The CTS frame looks as follows: Figure 9.21: CTS Frame The Receiver Address (RA) of the CTS frame is copied from the Transmitter Address (TA) field of the immediately previous RTS frame to which the CTS is a response. The Duration value is the value obtained from the Duration field of the immediately previous RTS frame, minus the time, in microseconds, required to transmit the CTS frame and its SIFS interval. 9.5.11.
Appendix 9.5.12. Point Coordination Function (PCF) Beyond the basic Distributed Coordination Function, there is an optional Point Coordination Function, which may be used to implement timebounded services, like voice or video transmission. This Point Coordination Function makes use of the higher priority that the Access Point may gain by the use of a smaller Inter Frame Space (PIFS).
