TRACER 4205 System Manual 612804205L1-1A August 2002 12804205L1A TRACER 4205 System (Plan A) 12804205L1B TRACER 4205 System (Plan B)
Trademarks Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. To the Holder of the Manual The contents of this manual are current as of the date of publication. ADTRAN reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.
About this Manual This manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4205 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrator, and manager with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 4205. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. The following is an overview of the contents.
Notes provide additional useful information. Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption. Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life. Safety Instructions When using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock, or personal injury: 1.
Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Warranty and Customer Service ADTRAN will repair and return this product within five years from the date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. For detailed warranty, repair, and return information refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty and Repair and Return Policy Procedure. Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.
Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training ADTRAN will repair and return this product if within five years from the date of shipment the product does not meet its published specification or the product fails while in service. A return material authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below.
Post-Sale Support Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at: http://support.adtran.com When needed, further post-sales assistance is available by calling our Technical Support Center.
Radio Frequency Interface Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications. The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation.
FCC Output Power Restrictions The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and any other pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed. Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields The TRACER 4205 is designed to operate at 5.725 to 5.850 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.
4205 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4205 System manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4205. It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testing, alarm status, and system monitoring. This section should be used in conjunction with Section 2, Engineering Guidelines, of the system manual. CONTENTS System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 1, System Description 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual SYSTEM OVERVIEW The ADTRAN TRACER® 4205 wireless data system provides transparent extension of DS3 circuits over wireless links for up to 25 miles (line-of-sight path required). As authorized under Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4205 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band requiring no FCC licensing of end users.
MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS CONTENTS Line-of-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Path Loss . . .
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual LINE-OF-SITE The TRACER 4205 system is designed for operation in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz license-free industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Radio wave propagation in this band exhibits microwave characteristics, which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics where the variables in the equation are defined as PR PT GT GR λ d L received power (Watts) transmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRACER 4205 - adjustable) transmit antenna gain receive antenna gain carrier wavelength (c / ƒ) (meters) path distance (meters) other losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics 4. TRACER 4205 System Manual PATH LOSS The expression 4πd L P = ---------- λ 2 4πdf 2 = ------------ c (dB) where f λ d c carrier frequency (Hz) carrier wavelength (c / f) (meters) path distance (meters) speed of light, free-space (meters) is called the path loss, and increases rapidly as either path length increases or carrier wavelength decreases (which happens as the carrier frequency increases).
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths Path Length (miles) Path Loss (dB) 20 138 21 138 22 139 23 139 24 139 25 140 When using decibel notation, the received power equation becomes 4πdf PR = P T + G T + G R – L – 20 · log 10 ------------ c (dBm) or P R = PT + G T + G R – L – LP (dBm) Where, in the second equation the path loss has been lumped into a single quantity, LP, as discussed previously.
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual λ GT GR d, LP L PT L PR Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters 5. ANTENNA ALIGNMENT With line-of-sight microwave communications, optimum system performance requires that the transmitting and receiving antennas are properly aligned. This will ensure maximum received signal power at each receiver. Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth (along a horizontal plane) and elevation (along a vertical plane).
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics Antenna Beam Patterns Directly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patterns. Antennas being used with the TRACER 4205 system will have a particular beam shape determined in part by the physical construction and geometry of the antenna.
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual Table 2 tabulates minimum antenna heights for given path lengths. Table 2. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths Path Length (miles) 2 4 6 8 10 15 20 25 6. Min. Antenna Height (ft) 22 32 41 50 60 86 117 153 COAXIAL CABLE Coaxial cable will be required to attach the TRACER 4205 to the antenna.
TRACER 4205 System Manual 7. Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics RECEIVER SENSITIVITY Receiver sensitivity is a value expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm) that corresponds to the minimum amount of signal power needed at the receiver to achieve a given bit error rate (BER). Receiver sensitivity is usually a negative number of decibels, and as such smaller receiver sensitivity is better for a given BER.
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual The climate factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of climates (weather). In general, microwave links operating in areas with high humidity will have less availability than those in arid areas, primarily because water is a dispersive mechanism to microwave energy, and causes the main signal lobe to refract and disperse away from the receiver location.
ENGINEERING GUIDELINES CONTENTS Equipment Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Reviewing the Front Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 RSSI Monitoring Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS The TRACER 4205 unit is 19” W, 10.5” D, and 1.75” H, weighs 7 lbs, and can be used in rack-mount configurations. 2. POWER REQUIREMENTS The TRACER 4205 system has a maximum power consumption of 25W and a maximum current draw of 1.2A (at 21 VDC). 3.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TX PWR Monitoring Interface The TX PWR voltage is a function of the selected transmit power level. This voltage ranges approximately from 0 to 5V, with 0V corresponding to +5 dBm (3 milliwatts) and 5V corresponding to +20 dBm (100 milliwatts). Front Panel LEDs With the TRACER 4205 powered-on, the front panel LEDs provide visual information about the status of the TRACER 4205 system.
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manual Table 2. TRACER 4205 LEDs (Continued) For these LEDs... This color light... Indicates that... AIS Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 received a remote alarm from a connected DS3 device (properly aligned and framed alternating one-zero pattern). LOF Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 DS3 framer has lost alignment (due to receiving too many F or M bits in error).
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines DS3 Out (Transmit) RS232 Interface (VT100 Terminal) DS3 In (Receive) DC Power Connection Fuse Alarm Contacts Antenna Connector Ground Lug Figure 2. TRACER 4205 Rear Panel Layout Antenna Interface The ANTENNA interface (N-Type connector) connects to the antenna (customer supplied) using standard antenna feedline cable.
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manual Alarm Contacts Normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) alarm contacts are provided on the rear panel of the TRACER 4205 system. In normal operation, the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact (COM) and the NO contact is isolated. During an alarm condition, the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electrically connected to COM. This allows alarm conditions to be reported to external alarm monitoring systems.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Connector type (USOC) Section 3, Engineering Guidelines DB-25 Table 5. RS-232 Connection Pinout PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1, 7 GND GROUND 2 TX TRANSMIT 3 RX RECEIVE 4 RTS REQUEST TO SEND 5 CTS CLEAR TO SEND 6 DSR DATA SET READY (MODEM CONTROL ONLY) 8 CD CARRIER DETECT 9-19 — UNUSED 20 DTR DATA TERMINAL READY (MODEM CONTROL ONLY) 21 — UNUSED 22 RI RING INDICATOR 23-25 — UNUSED Table 6.
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manual RS-232 Connection (Modem Use) Modem controls, discussed in Section 5, User Interface Guide, of this manual, will enable or disable modem control through the RS-232 interface. When this option is enabled from a standard terminal connection, all RS-232 communications will cease until a modem is attached with a null modem adapter between the TRACER 4205 and the data modem. The data modem should be configured for AUTO ANSWER and 9600 bps.
TRACER 4205 System Manual 5. Section 3, Engineering Guidelines AT-A-GLANCE SPECIFICATIONS The following is a list of specifications for the TRACER 4205 system. Hardware Description Specification Transmitter Output Power +20 dBm, max Frequency Range 5725 to 5850 MHz Receive Level, Range -30 to -78 dBm Receive Level, Maximum -30 dBm Receive Level, Nominal -50 dBm Plan A Tx 5.750 GHz, Rx 5.800 GHz Plan B Tx 5.825 GHz, Rx 5.750 GHz Capacity 44.
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines Hardware TRACER 4205 System Manual Description Specification Mechanical and Environmental Operating Temperature -25ºC to 65ºC Size 19” W x 10.5” D x 1.75” H Humidity 95%, Non-condensing Weight 7 lbs Input Voltage 21 to 63 VDC, either polarity referenced to ground Power Consumption < 25 Watts Connector 2 pin terminal block (DC) Fuse 1 amp, 250 Volt slow-blo fuse (2-inch) Power 32 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc.
NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURE CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Unpack and Inspect the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Contents of ADTRAN Shipment . . . . . . . .
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual INTRODUCTION This section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 4205 system. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. 2.
TRACER 4205 System Manual 4. Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure CHANNEL SELECTION The FCC has allocated 100 MHz of spectrum in the band in which the TRACER 4205 operates. Figure 1 illustrates the bandwidth division. A B 5756 MHz 5819 MHz Channel Plan describes which lobe is transmitted upon. Example: A will transmit at A lobe and receive at B. Figure 1. Bandwidth Division To designate the utilization of the ISM bandwidth, there are two different channel plans, labeled A and B.
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4205 System Manual The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal provided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner that will retain the ground connection when the product is unplugged from the receptacle.
USER INTERFACE GUIDE CONTENTS Navigating the Terminal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Terminal Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Navigating using the Keyboard Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Terminal Menu and System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5, User Interface Guide 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENU The TRACER 4205 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port located on the back of the unit. Flow control on the serial interface should be configured to None for proper operation. Once a terminal is connected, pressing will refresh the current screen.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide Navigating using the Keyboard Keys You can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu, to manage a terminal menu session, and to configure the system. Moving through the Menus To do this... Press this key...
Section 5, User Interface Guide 3. TRACER 4205 System Manual MENU DESCRIPTIONS The remainder of this section describes the TRACER 4205 menus and submenus. The menu structure of the TRACER 4205 system is depicted below as follows: > MENU PAGE > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > SUB-MENU >TRACER SYSTEM STATUS Figure 2 shows the TRACER System Status menu page.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide Press <0> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Status page. >TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > FREQUENCY PLAN Displays the frequency plan (A or B) for the TRACER 4205 unit. For an operational TRACER 4205 system, the local and remote units should display opposite frequency plans. >TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > SITE Displays the site name configured from the TRACER System Configuration page.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual >MAIN MENU The TRACER 4205 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration/status pages. Figure 3 shows the TRACER Main Menu page. Figure 3. Main Menu Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages, or enter the number of the selected page (to highlight the menu page) and press . Press from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Main Menu page. 42 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Figure 4 shows the TRACER System Configuration menu page. System configuration parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units are available through this menu page. Figure 4. TRACER System Configuration Press <1> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Configuration menu page.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > SITE NAME Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to be displayed for identification of the TRACER 4205 system. >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONTROL Configures the modem control leads on the RS-232 port (terminal interface located on the rear panel of the unit). Set MODEM CONTROL to ENABLED when connecting the unit to a modem (using a null modem adapter).
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide >TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY Figure 5 shows the TRACER Link Performance History menu page. The TRACER Link Performance History menu page displays detailed error statistics for the RF link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units) in 15-minute increments. Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance History RF performance data is presented as link (LNK) errors which represent errored seconds received on the wireless link.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual >DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK Figure 6 shows the DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback menu page. Real-time graphical representation for the DS3 link (using data from both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units) is displayed on this page. DS3 operational configuration parameters and testing functions are configured from this menu. Figure 6.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide Table 1. DS3 Interface Alarms (Continued) LOS Activates when no DS3 signal is present from the connected DS3 equipment. LOS is activated after receiving 192 consecutive zeros. LOF Activates when the DS3 framer loses alignment due to too many F bits or M bits in error. IDLE Connected DS3 equipment is indicating that the line is not in use by transmitting a properly aligned and frame 1100... pattern.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual >DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINE Activates a loopback at the TRACER 4205 DS3 framer towards the locally connected DS3 equipment (see Figure 8). Use the LINE loopback to test data path integrity from the TRACER 4205 unit to the DS3 equipment. Figure 8. DS3 Line Loopback >DS3 PERFORMANCE HISTORY Figure 5 shows the DS3 Performance History menu page.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide The error count for the most recent 24 hours are recorded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days. Press to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and to view the previous 8 hours. Press <4> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the DS3 Link Performance History menu page. 612804205L1-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc.
Section 5, User Interface Guide 50 TRACER 4205 System Manual © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE CONTENTS Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 PWR LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 TST LED . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide 1. TRACER 4205 System Manual OVERVIEW This troubleshooting guide provides recommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 4205 system. The status LEDs (located on the front panel of the unit) provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action. Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide. 2.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide RF LOW LED If the RF LOW LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that the received signal is within 10 dB (approximately) of the minimum operable signal. This condition is typically indicative of a path problem. Recommended Actions: 1. Verify the far-end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget allows. 2. Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections.
Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual AIS LED An AIS Alarm, when indicated at the TRACER 4205 by a solid red AIS LED, is generated by the attached equipment in response to an error condition. The root cause must be determined at the attached equipment. A typical cause of an AIS alarm is a lack of input to a CSU. Recommended Actions: 1. Verify the input to any attached data equipment.
TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide system, and also to diagnose a previously installed system. Please contact Adtran Technical support at any stage during installation and/or troubleshooting if you require assistance. 5. INSTALLING/TROUBLESHOOTING THE TRACER HARDWARE 1. Perform a detailed path profile for each TRACER 4205 microwave link.
Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual 9. Examine the RF LOW LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4205. If this LED is illuminated, then the TRACER 4205 is receiving a relatively weak signal, however if the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, the received signal is being suitably processed by the TRACER system.
