TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual 612804202L1-1A January 2004 12804102L1A TRACER 4102 System (Plan A) 12804102L1B TRACER 4102 System (Plan B) 12804202L1A TRACER 4202 System (Plan A) 12804202L1B TRACER 4202 System (Plan B)
Trademarks TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Trademarks Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders. To the Holder of the Manual The contents of this manual are current as of the date of publication. ADTRAN reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Revision History Revision History Document Revision A Date January 2004 Description of Changes Initial release of manual. Notes provide additional useful information. Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption. Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life. 612804202L1-1A © 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.
Safety Instructions TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Safety Instructions When using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock, or personal injury: 1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool. 2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning. 3.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual FCC-Required Information FCC-Required Information Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
FCC-Required Information TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual FCC Output Power Restrictions The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. License-free operation in the industrial, scientific, and medical band is documented in FCC Rules Part 15.247. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with any pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Warranty and Customer Service Warranty and Customer Service ADTRAN will repair and return this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. Warranty information can be found at www.adtran.com/warranty. Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training ADTRAN will repair and return this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service.
Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Post-Sale Support Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at: http://support.adtran.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Section 1 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4102/4202. Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents 10 TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual © 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4102/4202. It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testing, alarm status, and system monitoring. This section should be used in conjunction with Section 3, Engineering Guidelines, of the system manual. CONTENTS System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 1 System Description 1. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual SYSTEM OVERVIEW The ADTRAN TRACER® 4102 and 4202 wireless systems provide two independent T1 circuits over a wireless link for up to 30 miles (line-of-sight path required). As authorized under Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4102 and 4202 operate license-free in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, respectively. These bands require no frequency coordination or licensing of end users.
MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered. CONTENTS Line-of-Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Decibels . . . . . . . .
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics 14 © 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual 1. Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics LINE-OF-SIGHT The TRACER 4102 and 4202 systems are designed for operation in the license-free 2.400 to 2.4835 GHz and 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands, respectively. Radio wave propagation in these bands exhibit microwave characteristics which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications.
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual most applications, 20 to 30 dB of fade margin should ensure a reliable link. The following sections further discuss the necessary power calculations and their components. 4. RECEIVER POWER The viability of a particular microwave path is determined by the power of the transmitted microwave signal, the transmit and receive antenna gain, distance, and accumulated system losses (such as RF coaxial cable losses and path loss).
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics λ GT GR d, LP L L PT PR Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters The following sections further discuss the power budget analysis and its components. Antenna Gain Actual transmit and receive antenna gain values depend strictly upon the physical characteristics of the antennas installed for each link. In other words, the size of the dish determines the antenna gain.
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Carrier Wavelength (λ) The carrier wavelength is the physical wavelength of the main RF carrier being used for communication, and is usually approximated at the center frequency of the band (which is 2441.75 MHz for the TRACER 4102 and 5787.5 MHz for the TRACER 4202).
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics Table 2 gives typical loss figures for some of the more common coaxial cable types (per 100 feet). Table 2. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types 2.4 GHz Loss/100 ft. (in dB) 5.8 GHz Loss/100 ft. (in dB) RG58 80 N/A RG8 (air) 20 N/A RG8 (foam) 9 N/A 1/4” Coax 5.91 11.36 3/8” Coax 5.76 9.65 1/2” Coax 3.83 6.49 5/8” Coax 2.98 4.90 7/8” Coax 2.2 N/A 1 1/4” Coax 1.62 N/A 1 5/8” Coax 1.41 N/A 5.
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Table 3 lists path loss values for various path lengths for both 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz systems. Values not listed in the table can be interpolated from those listed. Table 3. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths 5. Path Length (miles) Path Loss (dB) at 2.4GHz Path Loss (dB) at 5.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual 6. Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics ANTENNA INFORMATION The overall wireless system is directly affected by the antenna selection and installation. The following sections discuss several factors concerning antenna selection and installation. Verify the antenna installation meets all regulations specified in the National Electric Code (NEC) Article 810.
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Antennas are also designed to radiate RF energy efficiently for a specific range of frequencies. Please consult the data sheet for your particular antenna make and model to ensure that it is specified to operate in the 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz frequency band for TRACER 4102 models, and the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz frequency band for the TRACER 4202 system.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics Table 5. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths (Continued) Path Length (miles) 28 30 32 34 36 7. Min. Antenna Height Min. Antenna Height @ 2.4 GHz @ 5.
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual values normally used are listed below: 24 Climate Climate Factor Description Very Dry 1/8 desert regions Temperate 1/4 mainland, interior region Humid 1/2 humid and coastal regions © 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.
ENGINEERING GUIDELINES Provides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 4102/4202 system into their networks. CONTENTS Equipment Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Reviewing the Front Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines 1. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS The TRACER 4102/4202 unit is 17.12” W, 9.34” D, and 1.72” H and can be used in 19 or 23-inch rack-mount configurations. 2. POWER REQUIREMENTS The TRACER 4102/4202 system has a maximum power consumption of 20 Watts and a maximum current draw of 0.95 Amp (at 21 VDC). 3.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 2. TRACER 4102/4202 LEDs For these LEDs... This color light... Indicates that... Green (solid) the TRACER 4102/4202 is connected to a power source. Off the TRACER 4102/4202 is not currently powered up. Green (solid) the TRACER 4102/4202 is transmitting on Frequency Plan A. Off the TRACER 4102/4202 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan A. Green (solid) the TRACER 4102/4202 is transmitting on Frequency Plan B.
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Table 1.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 3. TRACER 4102/4202 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram (DB-25) PIN NAME PIN NAME 2 TX 3 TX 3 RX 2 RX 4 RTS 4 RTS 5 CTS 5 CTS 6 DSR 6 DSR 7 GND 7 GND Table 4.
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual TRACER 4102/4202, selecting MODEM CONNECTION resets the TRACER 4102/4202 to the password entry screen. Hangup-on-DTR-drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems. Table 5 contains the wiring diagram needed for connecting the TRACER 4102/4202 RS-232 interface to a modem using the null modem adapter. The null modem interface must route Carrier Detect (CD) on pin 8 directly from the modem.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Alarm Contacts (Plug-In Terminal Block) An RF link down condition is indicated with both normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) alarm contacts on the rear panel of the TRACER 4102/4202 system. In normal operation, the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact (COM) and the NO contact is isolated. When the RF link drops, the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electrically connected to COM.
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Antenna Interface (N-Type connector) The ANTENNA interface (N-Type connector) connects to the customer-supplied antenna using standard antenna feedline cable. When determining the cable specifications for your application, refer to Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics (System Losses (L) on page 18) for a discussion on cable length and loss factors. 5.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 9. At-A-Glance Specifications (Continued) Hardware Description Specification T1 Interface Capacity 1.
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines 34 TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual © 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.
NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURE Provides shipment contents list, grounding instructions, mounting options, and specifics of supplying power to the unit. CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Unpack and Inspect the System . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure 1. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual INTRODUCTION This section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 4102/4202 system. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. 2.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure Customer Provides The following items are necessary for the installation of the TRACER 4102/4202 system and are not provided by ADTRAN: • 21 to 60 VDC power source (or AC adapter available from ADTRAN P/N 1280650L1), either polarity referenced to ground Antenna and mounting hardware Antenna feedline cable Lightning arrestors Weatherproofing kits for antenna installation • • • • 4. CHANNEL SELECTION The FCC has allocated 83.
Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual To designate the utilization of the ISM bandwidth, there are two different channel plans, labeled A and B. The letter of each channel plan setting is preset by the factory and refers to the physical configuration of the diplexer filter inside the chassis. Each channel is then divided into three bandplans (1, 2 or 3). The bandplans must be the same for the local and remote TRACER 4102/4202.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual • • • • 6. Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure This unit shall be installed in accordance with Article 400 and 364.8 of the NEC NFPA 70 when installed outside of a Restricted Access Location (i.e., central office, behind a locked door, service personnel only area). Power to the TRACER 4102/4202 DC system must be from a reliably grounded 21-60 VDC UL Listed or CSA Certified ITE power source with outputs meeting LPS requirements.
Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual ALARM T1A T1B T1C T1D TRACER 4206 06 ER AC TR 42 Figure 3. 19-inch Rackmount Illustration ALARM T1A T1B T1C T1D TRACER 4206 TR E AC R4 20 6 Figure 4. 23-inch Rackmount Illustration 8. CONNECTING THE T1 INTERFACE The physical T1 interface is provided using two RJ-48C jacks for transmit and receive. The provided straight through T1 interface cables can be used to interface to any standard T1 DTE device.
USER INTERFACE GUIDE Provides detailed descriptions of all menu options and configuration parameters available for the TRACER 4102/4202. This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual is designed for use by network administrators and others who will configure and provision the system. It contains information about navigating the VT100 user interface, configuration information, and menu descriptions. CONTENTS Navigating the Terminal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5 User Interface Guide 1. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENU The TRACER 4102/4202 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal that is connected to the RS-232 port located on the back of the unit and set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. Flow control on the serial interface should be configured to NONE for proper operation. Once a terminal is connected, press to refresh the current screen.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide Navigating using the Keyboard Keys You can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu, to manage a terminal menu session, and to configure the system. Moving Through the Menus To do this... Press this key...
Section 5 User Interface Guide 3. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual MENU DESCRIPTIONS The remainder of this section describes the TRACER 4102/4202 menus and submenus. The menu structure of the TRACER 4102/4202 system is depicted below as follows: > MENU PAGE > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > SUB-MENU >TRACER SYSTEM STATUS Figure 2 shows the TRACER 4102/4202 System Status menu page.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide D. T1 Status (Error/Alarm Only) A visual status of current errors/alarms on the T1 interfaces (for both the local and remote TRACER systems) is provided on the TRACER 4102/4202 System Status menu page. T1A or T1B displayed in reverse highlight indicates an active error or alarm condition. Individual T1 status pages (accessible from the main menu) provide detailed T1 information. E.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual >MAIN MENU The TRACER 4102/4202 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration/status pages. Figure 3 shows the TRACER 4102/4202 Main Menu page. Figure 3. TRACER 4102/4202 Main Menu From the keyboard, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages, or enter the number or letter of the selected page (to highlight the menu page) and press .
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide >TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS Figure 4 shows the TRACER 4102/4202 System Options menu page. System option parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 4102/4202 units are available through this menu page. Figure 4. TRACER 4102/4202 System Options Press from any menu in the TRACER 4102/4202 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Options menu page.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual >TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS > RF BANDPLAN Sets the bandplan for the TRACER 4102/4202. Each channel is divided into three bandplans (1, 2, or 3). Both local and remote TRACER 4102/4202 must be configured with the same bandplan (1, 2, or 3) but different channel plans (Plan A or Plan B).
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide bandwidth is decreased, receive sensitivity improves as follows: Table 1. Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4102/4202 Receiver Sensitivity Delivered Bandwidth TRACER 4102 TRACER 4202 Active T1 Ports 2xT1 -96 dBm -93 dBm A, B 1xT1 -98 dBm -95 dBm A Both ends of the TRACER link must be set to the same number of active T1 ports. The TRACER 4102/4202 comes factory programmed with ACTIVE T1 PORTS set to 2XT1.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual >TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS > PERFORMANCE STATS (CLEAR) Resets all system error counters for the TRACER 4102/4202. >TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY Figure 7 shows the TRACER 4102/4202 Link Performance History menu page, which displays detailed error statistics and minimum received signal level for the RF link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4102/4202 units) in 15-minute and 24-hour increments. 7 Days 24 Hours Figure 7.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide >T1X STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK The following menus for the T1x Status/Configuration/Loopback apply to both available T1 interfaces (A and B). Figure 8 shows the T1x Status/Configuration/Loopback menu page, which displays a real-time graphical representation for the T1x link using data from both the local and remote TRACER 4102/4202 units. T1x operational configuration parameters and testing functions are configured from this menu.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual >T1X STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > T1X LINE BUILD OUT Configures the T1 for the appropriate line buildout, based on the distance to the T1 equipment. By default, the line buildout for the TRACER 4102/4202 is 0 dB/133 FT. >T1X STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > ALARM REPORTING Determines whether the TRACER 4102/4202 unit will report active alarms. If set to DISABLED, no alarms will be displayed on this menu page.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide >T1X STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINK [REMOTE] Activates a loopback at the remote TRACER 4102/4202 T1 framer towards the local end of the wireless link (see Figure 10). Use the remote LINK loopback to loop the data transmitted from the local end of the link across the radio link to the local end of the link. This loopback tests the integrity of the radio link and all the associated digital and RF hardware. Figure 10.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual >T1X PERFORMANCE HISTORY The following menus for the T1x Performance History apply to both available T1 interfaces (A and B). Figure 13 shows the T1x Performance History menu page, which displays detailed error statistics for the T1 link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4102/4202 units) in 15-minute and 24-hour increments. 7 Days 24 Hours Figure 13.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4102/4202. CONTENTS Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 PWR LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide 1. TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual OVERVIEW This troubleshooting guide provides recommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 4102/4202 system. The status LEDs (located on the front panel of the unit) provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action. Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide. 2.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide RF LOW LED If the RF LOW LED is ON (solid red), it is an indicator that the received signal is approaching 0 V of RSSI. This condition is typically indicative of a path or installation problem. Recommended Actions: 1. Verify the far-end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget requires. 2. Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections. Check for water and corrosion around any of the connectors.
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual BPV Bipolar violations (BPVs) indicate an improper configuration or faulty wiring. Recommended Actions: 1. Verify the TRACER 4102/4202 unit and the attached equipment are configured for the same line coding (B8ZS or AMI). 2. Verify the cable connections for the T1 interface are solid. 3. RF ERRORS RF errors can range from a nonviable microwave path to loose RF connectors.
TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide 2. Setup all of the TRACER hardware on a workbench. ADTRAN recommends that the actual cables used in the permanent installation be used in the workbench setup. A rigorous workbench “simulation” of the link will help alleviate and avoid time-consuming errors. 3. Examine the PLAN A and PLAN B LEDs on the front panel of each unit. These LEDs indicate the frequency plan for each TRACER 4102/4202 unit.
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual Use the tables in Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics, of this manual to select the proper free-space attenuation value (in dB) based on the estimated length of the microwave path. Remember to subtract both antenna gains (local and remote) from the attenuator setting. 12. Initiate a line loopback on the local TRACER 4102/4202 unit and run a test pattern from the connected T1 equipment.
