A Instruction Manual The following pages contain a preliminary copy of the User’s Manual for the TRACER. ADTRAN, Inc. respectfully requests that this information be withheld from public inspection. ADTRAN, Inc.
® TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual Preliminary 61280003L2-1B
61280003L2-1B Preliminary TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFACE STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications. The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation.
61280003L2-1B Radio Frequency Interference Statement • • • • • • • The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna.
1280003L2-1B Table of Contents Page Section 1 TRACER Description Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 ISM Band Spread Spectrum ........................................................................................................ 1 NEBS ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Applications .......
61280003L2-1B Table of Contents Section 2 Installation Radio Frequency Interference Statement .................................................................................. 11 Shielded Cables ......................................................................................................................... 11 FCC Output Power Restrictions ................................................................................................ 11 Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields ........................
61280003L2-1B Table of Contents Co-Locating Multiple Systems .................................................................................................. 21 Antenna Alignment ................................................................................................................... 21 RF Low ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Remote BERT .....................................................
61280003L2-1B Table of Contents Troubleshooting using the front panel indicators .................................................... 37 “Link Error” light is lit, or link is down ................................................... 37 “BPV” light on T1-A or B is lit ................................................................ 38 RED light on T1-A or B is lit ................................................................... 38 “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is lit.................................................
61280003L2-1B Table of Contents Mechanical & Environmental .................................................................................................... 48 Power ......................................................................................................................................... 48 Section 6 Warranty, Ordering and Return Information Warranty ....................................................................................................................................
61280003L2-1B Table of Contents Illustrations 1-1. Typical Application ...................................................................................................... 2 1-2. Bandwidth Division ...................................................................................................... 3 1-3. BBP ............................................................................................................................... 4 1-4. BBP Rear Panel ..............................................
61280003L2-1B SECTION 1 Section 1 TRACER Description TRACER DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The TRACER provides dual T1 transport by way of a spread spectrum microwave link for distances up to 30 miles or more depending on path engineering. System performance is determined, in part, by the engineering of the microwave link. Each end of a TRACER link is composed of two units -- the baseband processor (BBP) and the radio frequency converter (RFC).
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description APPLICATIONS Any application that would typically use metallic T1 as a transport can use the TRACER instead. Figure 1-1 illustrates a typical application.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description spectrum systems to operate in the presence of one another with minimal interference if they are operating with different sequences. The TRACER allows the selection of one of ten different 120-bit long sequences. CHANNEL SELECTION The FCC has allocated 83.5 MHz of spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band and 125 MHz in the 5.8 GHz band in which TRACER operates. A TRACER system fully uses the available bandwidth – transmitting in one half and receiving in the other.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description Line Code A mark in the data stream is coded as a pulse on the T1 line. A space is coded as “no activity” on the T1 line. As a form of error detection, subsequent marks in the data stream are coded as pulses of alternating polarity, either positive going or negative going. This type of line coding is called alternate mark inversion (AMI). For the T1 receiver to operate correctly, a minimum number of “1s” must exist on the T1 facility.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description MANAGEMENT Figure 1-4. BBP Rear Panel DS1/DSX-1 Interface Two DS1/DSX-1 interfaces, labelled “T1A” and “T1B,” are provided for connecting to the T1 equipment. Two types of physical interfaces are provided -- RJ-48C and bantam jacks. The interfaces are illustrated in Figure 1-5, BBP Block Diagram. The functions of the BBP are partitioned into three printed circuit boards or PCBs, all contained in the same enclosure.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description VT-100 RS-232 Interface A serial interface port using RS-232C signal levels is provided for attaching a VT-100-compatible terminal. The connection is made via a DB-25 connector on the rear panel. The data rate is configured for 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. A 7-day error history of the T1 interfaces and radio link is also provided. Fifteen-minute histories are provided for the most recent 24 hours of operation.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description UP DOWN Figure 1-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open) Options that are set from the front panel can be overridden via the terminal interface. As a rule, a green LED indicates a good situation, a red LED indicates an error situation, and a yellow LED indicates a configuration option. LEDs indicating overall system integrity are listed below. Test ............................... Red indicates that the self-test has completed and failed PWR .......................
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description Tx PWR ........................ UP increments radio transmit power up. DOWN increments radio transmit power down. VT100 terminal will indicate Tx Power setting. Remote Test ................. Initiate a remote test across the RF link Non-volatile Memory The TRACER system contains non-volatile memory to retain certain configuration settings.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description RSSI GND TX-PW R RX IF TX Figure 1-8. RFC Module Three SMA connectors, located on the RFC module, provide RF and IF connection points. A test point is provided for monitoring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The voltage (relative to the GND test point) present on this test point represents the level of the received signal. This signal is used to align the antenna when installing the system and to verify the link is performing as designed.
61280003L2-1B Section 1 TRACER Description Figure 1-10. Mastmount RFC Housing Figure 1-11. Rackmount RFC Housing Antenna TRACER is intended to be coupled with an antenna that is directional and provides signal gain. There are several reasons for this requirement: • • • TRACER operates in point-to-point applications; therefore, an omnidirectional antenna is not needed.
SECTION 2 INSTALLATION RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications. The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation • The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or • Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation INSTALLATION Location and Mounting Install the TRACER in a location that requires minimal antenna feedline length (the loss in this cable directly affects overall system performance). The BBP is designed to be mounted in a rack, above the RFC. Although no space is needed between the units, certain regulations may require at least .75" of space above and below the BBP.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation DS1/DSX-1 Interface The rear panel of the TRACER has two sets of jacks labeled T1A and T1B which provide the same functionality. The pin assignments for the eight-position modular jack are listed below. Pin Name Function 1 ................ R ....................... Send data (ring) 2 ................ T ....................... Send data (tip) 3 ........................................... Not used 4 ................ R1 ..................... Receive data (ring) 5 ........
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation LINK PLANNING IMPORTANT The appropriate transmitter power must be calculated as part of the link planning. The factors that must be taken into account when planning a link are optimal received signal level, transmitter power, antenna feedline loss (each end), antenna gain (each end), free space path loss, and required fade margin. IMPORTANT The optimal signal level for the receiver is -60 dBm.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation Path Loss The free space path loss is given by Loss(dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10f + 20log10D where D is distance in miles f is operating frequency in GHz A tabulation of various path loss is given below. 2.4 GHz Link Distance Path Loss (in miles) (in dB) 1 ................. 104 2 ................. 110 3 ................. 114 4 ................. 116 5 ................. 118 6 ................. 120 7 ................. 121 8 ................. 122 9 ................. 123 10 ......
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation The nominal received signal level is -60 dBm. For help in link planning, use the path loss calculation worksheet below. - 91 dBm (-90 dBm for 5.8 GHz) ........ Minimum Signal Power + _______ ............................................. Transmitter Feedline Loss - _______ ............................................. Transmitter Antenna Gain + _______ ............................................ Path Loss - _______ .............................................
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ON NON 1 WATT 2.4 GHZ MODELS The frequency plan designates on which frequencies the TRACER transmits and receives. Plan A corresponds to a transmitting (Tx) frequency of 2422 MHz and a receive (Rx) frequency of 2462 MHz. Plan B corresponds to a Tx frequency of 2462 MHz and a Rx frequency of 2422 MHz. Shipment of a link consists of one RFC set to Plan A and the other set to Plan B unless specified otherwise.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation 9. Reattach the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and “Rx” on the RFC, and the ports labelled “J1” and “J2” on the diplexer. Cable connections should be aligned to each other as follows: Plan A Plan B Tx = 2422 Tx = 2462 Rx = 2462 Rx = 2422 10. Replace and secure the RFC cover. For mastmounted systems, do the following to reconfigure the RFC interconnect: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Remove the lid of the mast RFC.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation Directions for Changing the Frequency Plan on the Rack Mount RFC 1. 2. 3. Remove RFC top cover by removing six screws. Disconnect the cables at the “Tx” and “Rx” RFC module ports. Swap and reconnect these two cables to the RFC module ports. Minimum bend radius on these cables is 3/4 inch. Use care in handling and forming bends in these cables. Reinstall the RFC top cover with the six screws previously removed.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation SPREADING CODE The spreading code for each end must be the same. The choice of operating code is selectable by the operator or the installer. TRACER is shipped in a matched (default) configuration. WARNING It is possible for the spreading code to be changed remotely through the VT-100 interface from the other end of the link. When this is performed, communications will be lost to the far end.
61280003L2-1B Section 2 Installation RF LOW The “RF Low” LED indicates that the received signal is within 10dB of the minimum received signal strength (~-80 dBm). If this indicator is on, the link performance may be marginal. The antennas should be peaked in azimuth and elevation until the desired signal level is achieved. RSSI may be monitored on either the RF unit or the front of the BBP.
SECTION 3 OPERATION VT-100 USER INTERFACE The TRACER may be accessed with a VT-100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port on the back of the unit. Once a terminal is connected, pressing the ESC key will present the System Status screen. If password access has been enabled, then press “Enter” or “Return” in order to see the “Enter Password:” message. TRACER is shipped with password protection disabled.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation With the advent of microprocessor technology, the alarm processing remote (APR, alarm remote or simply Remote) was developed, allowing discrete alarm links with network elements to be supplanted by a more efficient serial link. TBOS is the communications protocol defined for this link. The TRACER rear panel designates the TBOS ports as “MANAGEMENT IN” (on the bottom) and “MANAGEMENT OUT” (on the top). The TBOS polling station is connected to the MANAGEMENT IN port.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation A TBOS monitoring system will need to define the following bitmaps to indicate status and alarm conditions. Table 3-1. TRACER TBOS Alarm and Status Map Char.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Table 3-2. TRACER TBOS Command Map Command # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Command Type Command Definition Latch Latch or Unlatch Latch or Unlatch Latch or Unlatch Latch or Unlatch Latch or Unlatch Latch or Unlatch 10 Second Remote Test Local T1A Line Loopback Local T1B Line Loopback Local T1A Link Loopback Local T1B Link Loopback Remote T1A Link Loopback Remote T1B Link Loopback Table 3-3.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Table 3-4.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation RF DOWN SYSTEM STATUS If there is an error condition on the RF link, the [RF UP] labels on the link map will be replaced by [RF DOWN] or [?????] labels. During a RF error condition, it is not possible to receive status information from the remote site. However, when the RF link is intact, error conditions on any of the T1 interfaces are reported by the “T1A” and / or “T1B” labels becoming highlighted in reverse video.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation MAIN MENU SELECTIONS System Status Page This page displays the status of major system components. This is a status screen only; no configurations can be performed. More detailed information can be obtained by way of the Main Menu. Current System Status Elapsed Time 00:03:22 Adtran Technical Support- 800/726-8663 ---—— ----T1A ===| C | / --—>>—--—>>—--—>>-—[RF UP]->>—--—>>—--—>>—--—> \ | C |=== T1A | S |#(-)#| S | T1B ===| U | \ <—--—<<—--—<<—--—<<[RF UP]—--<<—--—<<—--—<<
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Main Menu Page Pressing “M” on any screen will take the user to the Main Menu, from which the subsequent screens can be accessed.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Link Performance History This screen presents detailed error statistics for the RF link. The data is presented as RFCL (Radio Frequency Converter Link) and LINK (RF Link) representing seconds out of service for each. The RFCL represents the communications channel between the BBP and RFC via the IF interconnect cable. The counts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minute increments. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the most recent days.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Channel B Statistics Page This screen presents detailed error statistics for T1B. The data is presented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. The counts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minute increments. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the most recent days.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Test Menu This screen allows each T1 to be put into loopback mode. TRACER Test Menu Site: Adtran 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Local T1A Line Loopback Local T1B Line Loopback Local T1A Link Loopback Local T1B Link Loopback Remote T1A Link Loopback Remote T1B Link Loopback =============================================================================== Press ‘m’ - Main menu: Figure 3-10. Test Menu Each menu selection is described below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Configuration Menu This screen allows all system configurations to be performed.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation Site ID allows a string of up to 32 characters to be entered as a site identifier. Enable T1 B disables Alarm and LEDs related to T1-B, but will pass T1 data. TBOS # changes the TBOS Equipment ID. Enable Modem Control enables modem control leads on RS 232 port. See Modem Connection under Operation Section. Hangup Modem lowers the DSR signal, which becomes DTR after passing through the null modem adapter.
61280003L2-1B Section 3 Operation 36 Preliminary TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual
SECTION 4 TROUBLESHOOTING GENERAL If you experience a problem with the TRACER system, check to ensure that all connectors, coaxial cables, antennae and T1s are all properly connected; and that the system configuration ensures proper transmit and receive levels for the RF equipment. Then, if the problem persists, follow the actions recommended in this section. For further assistance, call ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. 3. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering. 4.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jack using a T1 test set. Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired. “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is lit This alarm will activate when a software or manual T1 loopback has been established.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. “AIS/YEL” indicator is flashing This alarm is activated when the T1 interface at the remote end is not receiving a T1 signal (it is in Red alarm). In this circumstance the interface with the flashing AIS/YEL indicator is transmitting an AIS (keep alive) signal.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. “Test” light is lit or blinking The test alarm will remain on (solid) during power-up, indicating a self-test is in progress. The light will flash or remain on (solid) if the self-test fails. Recommended Action (see list below) Possible Cause • • • • • One-flash interval indicates a RAM test failure. .................................
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. “Fail” light is lit after pressing “Remote Test” button The Remote Fail light will activate after a Remote Test has failed. Recommended Action (see list below) Possible Cause • • The 10-second BERT has failed over the RF link to the far-end. ............... 1 The RX power may be below or near the -91 dbm threshold (-90 dBm 5.8 GHz) .
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. Troubleshooting Using the VT-100 User Interface This section provides information for troubleshooting the Alarm Menu on the VT-100 user interface. The conditions present in the Alarm Menu are software indications and should match the front panel LED indications.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. YEL/AIS Alarm This alarm indicator will flash when a T1 Yellow alarm occurs. The indicator will remain on (solid) to indicator an AIS alarm when the DS1/DSX-1 is receiving a blue code (a string of 2316 1’s with no more than 1 zero).
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. 3. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering. 4.
61280003L2-1B Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. 3. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering. 4.
SECTION 5 SPECIFICATIONS This section lists the specifications for the TRACER system. Transmitter Output Power ...... +20 dBm, max, for 1 watt 2.4 GHz, factory setting is +27 dBm Frequency Range ............................... 2400 to 2483.5 MHz, or 5725 to 5850 MHz Channel Bandwidth ...... 40 MHz (2.4 GHz) (two channels) or 62 MHz (5.8 GHz) I/F ........................................................................................................... 140 MHz Receiver Receive Level, range ...
61280003L2-1B Section 5 Specifications VT-100 Terminal Interface Data Rate ............................................................................................... 9600 bps Data Bits ............................................................................................................. 8 Parity ........................................................................................................... None Stop Bits ..............................................................................
SECTION 6 WARRANTY, ORDERING AND RETURN WARRANTY ADTRAN will replace or repair this product within five years from the date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications or fails due to defects in materials and workmanship. For detailed warranty, repair, and return information, refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty, Repair, and Return Policy and Procedure located on the ADTRAN web site at http://www.adtran.com.
280003L2-1B Section 6 Warranty, Ordering and Return Information 50 Preliminary TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual
GLOSSARY ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL AMI ........................................................ Alternate Mark Inversion B8ZS ....................................................... Bipolar 8 zero substitution BER ........................................................ Bit error rate BBP ........................................................ Baseband Processor CRC ........................................................ Cyclic Redundancy Check DCE ......................................................
61280003L2-1B Glossary 52 Preliminary TRACER 2xT1 User’s Manual
APPENDIX A CABLE CONNECTIONS The cable connections required for various configurations are detailed below. Terminal Connection (DB25) TRACER (DCE) Number Name Terminal (DTE) Number Name 2 .............. TXD 3 .............. RXD 4 .............. RTS 5 .............. CTS 6 .............. DSR 7 ............ Ground 2 ............. TXD 3 ............. RXD 4 .............. RTS 5 .............. CTS 6 ............. DSR 7 ...........
61280003L2-1B Appendix A Cable Connections TELEMETRY BYTE ORIENTED SERIAL (TBOS) MANAGEMENT CONNECTIONS (RJ48) TBOS operates via RS422, therefore the inputs and outputs are differential pairs.