® LGCell Wireless Networking System TM Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 4 LGCell Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.5.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46 7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47 7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48 7.6.1 Capacity of the LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48 7.6.2 Example LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49 SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4 10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5 10.3 Technical Assistance APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9 Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A.1 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Figures Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5 Figure 2-6 Figure 2-7 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 3-7 Figure 3-8 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 5-6 Figure 7-1 Figure 7-2 Figure 7-3 Figure 9-1 Figure 9-2 Figure 9-3 Figure 9-4 Figure 9-5 Figure A-1 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B LGCell Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
List of Tables Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Table 7-3 Table 7-4 Table 7-5 Table 7-6 Table 7-7 Table 7-8 Table 7-9 Table 7-10 Table 7-11 Table 7-12 Table 7-13 Table 7-14 Table 7-15 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Bandwidths: 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7-16 Table 7-17 Table 7-18 Table 7-19 Table 7-20 Table 7-21 Table 7-22 Table 7-23 Table 7-24 Table 7-25 Table 7-26 Table 7-27 Table 7-28 Table 7-29 Table 7-30 Table 8-1 Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Table C-1 viii Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 7-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following: • Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 • Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 • Section 1.
General Information 1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the LGCellTM Distributed Antenna System and its installation. The following sections are included: • Section 2 LGCell 4.
Conventions in this Manual 1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention Description bold Used for emphasis BOLD CAPS Used to indicate labels on equipment Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses.
General Information 1.
Acronyms in this Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B Acronym Definition SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SNR signal-to-noise ratio ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) STP shielded twisted pair TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TP twisted pair UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPS uninterruptable power supply UTP unshielded twisted pair WOS wireless office service Help Hot Line (U.S.
General Information 1.4 Standards Conformance • Complies with industry standards for IS-19B/AMPS, J-STD-8, IS-136/TDMA, IS-95B/CDMA. • Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation (see Appendix B). • Distributes signals over a building’s existing industry-standard cable infrastructure of multimode fiber (MMF) and unshielded twisted pair/shielded twisted pair (UTP/STP) cable. • See Appendix C for compliance information. 1.
SECTION 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description This section contains the following: • Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 • Section 2.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 • Section 2.3 System Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 • Section 2.4 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.1 System Overview The LGCell acts as an extension of the outdoor, macrocellular network to provide RF signal coverage and capacity to places where the signals are not always available or adequate, such as inside a building, tunnel, subway, or other hard-to-reach locations. LGCell features: • Supports all cellular protocols. • Provides uniform radio coverage.
System Overview The following figure shows a block diagram of a single band LGCell system. Note that uplink and downlink RF and control signals for an RAU travel through one Cat-5 cable.
LGCell 4.0 System Description LGCell components are available in the following frequencies and protocols: • Single-Band Frequencies and Protocols • 800 MHz AMPS • 800 MHz TDMA • 800 MHz CDMA • 800 MHz iDEN • 900 MHz GSM • 900 MHz EGSM • 1800 MHz DCS (5 band options) • 1800 MHz Korean CDMA • 1900 MHz TDMA (4 band options) • 1900 MHz CDMA (4 band options) • 1900 MHz GSM (4 band options) • Dual-Band Frequencies and Protocols A dual band system consists of two single band systems.
System Operation 2.2 System Operation Downlink (Base Station/Repeater to Wireless Handsets) • The LGCell system’s Main Hub is usually installed in a 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack in a wiring closet or equipment room inside the facility where coverage will be provided. Coaxial cable is used to connect the Main Hub to a local base station or to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna.
LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity You can extend the outdoor, macrocellular network indoors by connecting the LGCell system to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The following figure illustrates how the LGCell can be used to enhance in-building coverage.
System Operation 2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality Interfacing the LGCell with a base station/PBX network gives wireless phone users PBX functionality through their wireless phones, anytime, anywhere. The following figure shows an example installation for wireless office service (WOS).
LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple Bands/Protocols An LGCell neutral host configuration can simultaneously support more than one frequency band and/or protocol. The term “neutral host” refers to the fact: that the system supports multiple wireless Operators, and that the equipment typically is owned by a third-party company.
System Operation Neutral host systems are deployed as shared or dedicated systems. • Shared System: Multiple wireless Operators use the same set of LGCell hardware to distribute RF signals. • Dedicated System: Each Operator uses an independent LGCell system. In order to simplify coverage planning and minimize installation costs, the equipment is “clustered” and installed in groups. The number of Hubs and RAUs required for a system is determined by their ability to be shared.
LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.3 System Bandwidths 2.3.1 Fixed Bandwidth Systems The 800 MHz and 900 MHz LGCell systems have fixed bandwidths of operation, as shown in the following table. Table 2-1 2-10 Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz LGCell System System Bandwidth (MHz) Uplink Freq. Range (MHz) Downlink Freq. Range (MHz) 800 MHz: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA 25 824–849 869–894 800 MHz iDEN 18 806–824 851–869 900 MHz GSM 25 890–915 935–960 900 MHz EGSM 35 880–915 925–960 LGCell 4.
System Bandwidths 2.3.2 Variable Bandwidth Systems The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) and 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, and GSM systems have a bandpass filter that can be positioned within the uplink and downlink bands. This position is specified when the equipment is ordered and it is set during manufacturing. 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) System Bandwidth The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) 30 MHz bandpass filter is positioned within the 75 MHz band during manufacturing.
LGCell 4.0 System Description 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, GSM System Bandwidth The 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, and GSM 20 MHz bandpass filter is positioned within the 60 MHz band during manufacturing. Table 2-4 Bandwidths: 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, GSM DAS System System Bandwidth (MHz) Uplink Freq. Range (MHz) Downlink Freq.
System Specifications 2.4 System Specifications General system specifications are provided in this section. Specifications for each component are provided in their respective sections: • Section 3.4, “LGCell Main Hub Specifications,” on page 3-9 • Section 4.4, “LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications,” on page 4-7 • Section 5.3, “LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications,” on page 5-5 2.4.1 2.4.
LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.4.3 Alarm LEDs The Main Hub has LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs for each fiber port. The Expansion Hub has LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs for each Cat-5 (RAU) port.
LGCell Main Hub SECTION 3 The Main Hub is the LGCell’s central distribution point. On the dowlink, it receives RF signals from a base station or a repeater and converts them to optical signals, which it distributes to Expansion Hubs. On the uplink, the Main Hub receives optical signals from the Expansion Hubs and converts them back to RF signals to be relayed to a base station or a repeater.
LGCell Main Hub 3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel The front panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure. Front Panel of a Main Hub Figure 3-2 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 3 1 2 TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN 1 UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN 2 7 7 UP DOWN LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 3 7 UP LGCellTM Main Hub 4 7 AC POWER 4 1. AC power cord connector 2. Power On/Off switch 3. One LED for unit sync status (labeled SYNC) 4.
LGCell Main Hub Front Panel 3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports The Main Hub’s MMF downlink/uplink ports transmit/receive optical signals to/from Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF cable. There are four MMF ports (labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the Main Hub’s front panel. Each MMF port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (output) and one for uplink (input).
LGCell Main Hub 3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators The front panel of the Main Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit.
LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel 3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel The rear panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure. Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub 4 3 DIAGNOSTIC 2 1. 2 REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX 1 1 1 DIAGNOSTIC 1 Three N-type, female connectors with dust caps: • One simplex uplink, unidirectional (labeled REVERSE) • One simplex downlink, unidirectional (labeled FORWARD) • One duplexed, bidirectional (labeled DUPLEX) PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B 2.
LGCell Main Hub 3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors N-Type Female Connectors There are three N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub: one duplex and two simplex. Generally, the simplex connectors are used together and the duplex connector is used by itself. • Simplex Connectors The simplex connectors provide unidirectional connection of a Main Hub to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a roof-top antenna.
LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closures and error latches for monitoring major errors. The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector. Pin locations are labeled on Figure 3-7.
LGCell Main Hub 3.3 LGCell Main Hub Alarm The two error connections, Major Error and Error Latch, are relay connections. They are either open or short circuit as shown in the following table. Operation Major Error Error Latch Proper Operation Short Circuit Short Circuit Error Open Circuit Open Circuit Error Latch indicates that there has been a major error which was cleared.
LGCell Main Hub Specifications 3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band. Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 229 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 9 in.); 1U Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) Operating Temperature 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% Clearance Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.) Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.
LGCell Main Hub 3-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
LGCell Expansion Hub SECTION 4 The Expansion Hub is LGCell’s intermediate distribution point. It converts optical signals that it receives from the Main Hub to intermediate frequency (IF) electrical signals that it transmits over Cat-5 cable to the RAUs.
LGCell Expansion Hub 4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel The front panel of an Expansion Hub is shown in the following figure. Figure 4-2 7 LINK STATUS 7 7 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub 7 1 3 2 ANTENNA PORTS DOWN SYNC POWER SYNC 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 8 6 UP MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER 5 1. AC power cord connector 2. Power On/Off switch 3.
LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port The Expansion Hub’s MMF downlink/uplink port transmits and receives optical signals to/from the Main Hub using industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF cable. There is one MMF port (labeled MAIN HUB) on the Expansion Hub’s front panel. The MMF port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (input) and one for uplink (output).
LGCell Expansion Hub 4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports The Expansion Hub’s RJ-45 ports are for the Cat-5 UTP/STP cables that are used to transmit and receive electrical signals to/from up to four RAUs. There are four ports on the Expansion Hub’s front panel.
LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators The front panel of the Expansion Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit and attached RAUs.
LGCell Expansion Hub 4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel The Expansion Hub’s rear panel has one air exhaust vent and no connectors. 4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm The Expansion Hub communicates its status and the status of connected RAUs to the Main Hub over the MMF cable. The Main Hub’s MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream problems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which downstream unit has the alarm. 4-6 LGCell 4.
LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications 4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band. Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 229 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 9 in.); 1U Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) Operating Temperature 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% Clearance Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.) Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.
LGCell Expansion Hub 4-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
SECTION 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5 UTP/STP cable. The cable also delivers electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes electrical signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna.
LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors RJ-45 Port There is one RJ-45 port on a single band RAU and two RJ-45 ports on the 900/1800 MHz and the 1800/1800 MHz dual band RAUs. Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on a Dual Band RAU 900 MHz band port 1800 MHz band port On a 900/1800 dual band RAU, the top RJ-45 port is for the 900 MHz band and the bottom port is for the 1800 MHz band. The signals are combined and passed to a single SMA connector.
LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors SMA Connector There is one female SMA connector on a single band RAU and on the 900/1800 dual band RAU; and two female SMA connectors on the 1800/1800 dual band RAU. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to standard passive antennas. Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU The 900/1800 dual band RAU has a single female SMA connector.
LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.1.1 Remote Access Unit LED Indicators The RAU has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit. Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs Power LED Sync LED The RAU’s LED indicators are described in the following table. Table 5-1 RAU LED Indicators LED Color Indicates POWER Green RAU is receiving power from the connected Expansion Hub. SYNC Red PLL is not locked or clock power is low. Off No fault.
LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications 5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band. Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) Single Band 36 mm × 110 mm × 140 mm (1.4 in. × 4.3 in. × 5.5 in.) Dual Band 68 mm × 157 mm × 203 mm (2.7 in. × 6.2 in. × 8 in.) Weight Single Band < 0.4 kg (< 0.9 lb) Dual Band < 0.8 kg (< 1.
LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas Typically, omni-directional and directional passive antennas are used. Typical antenna gain is approximately 3 dBi for omni-directional antennas and 7 dBi for directional antennas. Antenna manufacturer specifications should be considered when selecting antennas. Antenna selection considerations include: • Antenna gain • Antenna type (omni or directional, etc.
SECTION 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project This section provides information to assist in managing and planning an LGCell system installation. • Section 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 • Section 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 • Section 6.3 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 • Section 6.
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project Proper project management is instrumental in providing timely and accurate deployment of the LGCell system. It is beneficial to have one person manage and coordinate all aspects of the project: planning, designing, and installing the equipment. The project manager is the person responsible for assigning tasks and ensuring scheduled work is performed on time.
Managing an LGCell Project 6.1.
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Manage System Commissioning • Coordinate system test • Coordinate RF signal and coverage tests • Coordinate complete RF system test with required participants Manage System Acceptance • • • • 6-4 Coordinate final inspection with required participants Prepare System Acceptance Document Issue System Acceptance Document Prepare As-Built Documents LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Planning an LGCell Installation 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation Preliminary Planning • Complete a preliminary system design for current requirements Compile all of the pertinent information to determine a preliminary system design. • Determine design requirements Consult with the end user, the service provider, and the equipment vendors to determine system requirements.
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Frequency Planning • Coordinate frequency planning with local carriers Discuss with the local carrier the channel requirements for the system. Final System Design • Complete final design Generate a final design based on preliminary design, results of RF tests, discussions with all appropriate parties involved in the project, and the site evaluation. • Create final equipment list Generate a final equipment requirement list based on the final system design.
Planning an LGCell Installation 6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire Site Survey Questionnaire 2540 Junction Avenue | San Jose, CA 95134 | TEL 408-952-2400 | FAX 408-952-2410 Project Information End-User Information Project Name: End-User: Purchaser Address: Site Address: Company Name: Contact: Contact: Phone: Phone: E-mail: E-mail: BTS Information Manufacturer: Type of System Enhancement Coverage Capacity (BTS) Wireless Office Model No: No.
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project 6.3 Installation Checklist Following is an installation checklist. Table 6-2 Installation Checklist Item Comments Floor Plans Detailed floor plans of the project site, suitable for the installation of LGCell equipment and cable.
System Optimization and Commissioning 6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning After the RF Site Survey is completed and the system is installed, perform the following tasks. Check Installation • Check installation of the Main Hubs, Expansion Hubs, Remote Access Units, splitters/combiners, antennas, etc.
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Prepare As-Built Document Prepare the final As-Built Document to include the following: • Title Page • Site Address • Contact List • Table of Contents • Introduction – Description of system installation including equipment used, unusual applications or obstacles, etc.
SECTION 7 Designing an LGCell Solution Designing an LGCell solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements. This information is usually supplied by the service provider: • Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) • Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum) • Protocol (i.e.
Designing an LGCell Solution • Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. • If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU 7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. For most systems the gain is 0 dB.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 20.0 2 14.0 3 10.5 4 7.5 5 6.0 6 4.5 7 3.5 8 2.5 9 2.0 10 1.0 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.0 14 –0.5 15 –0.5 16 –1.0 20 –2.0 30 –4.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. 7-4 LGCell 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 17.0 2 12.0 3 9.0 4 7.0 5 5.5 6 4.5 7 3.5 8 2.5 9 2.0 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 –0.5 16 –0.5 20 –1.5 30 –3.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 10.0 2 7.5 3 6.0 4 5.0 5 4.0 6 3.5 7 2.5 8 2.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. 7-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-4 800 MHz (iDEN/SMR) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 10.0 2 7.0 3 4.5 4 3.0 5 2.0 6 1.0 7 0.0 8 –0.5 9 –1.0 10 –1.5 11 –2.0 12 –2.5 13 –3.0 14 –3.0 15 –3.5 16 –4.0 20 –5.0 30 –6.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN/SMR, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 4.0 3 2.0 4 1.0 5 0.0 6 –1.0 7 –1.5 8 –2.0 9 –2.5 10 –2.5 11 –3.0 12 –3.5 13 –3.5 14 –4.0 15 –4.0 16 –4.5 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-8 LGCell 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-6 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 5.5 3 3.5 4 2.0 5 1.0 6 0.5 7 0.0 8 –0.5 9 –1.0 10 –1.5 11 –1.5 12 –2.0 13 –2.5 14 –2.5 15 –3.0 16 –3.0 WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-7 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 5.5 3 4.0 4 3.0 5 2.0 6 1.5 7 0.5 8 0.0 WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-8 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 17.0 2 12.0 3 9.0 4 7.0 5 5.5 6 4.5 7 3.5 8 2.5 9 2.0 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 –0.5 16 –0.5 20 –1.5 30 –3.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-9 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 20.0 2 8.0 3 6.0 4 5.0 5 4.0 6 3.0 7 2.5 8 2.0 9 1.5 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 0.0 16 –0.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. 7-12 LGCell 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-10 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 10.0 2 7.5 3 6.0 4 5.0 5 4.0 6 3.5 7 2.5 8 2.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B Help Hot Line (U.S.
Designing an LGCell Solution 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) Low Band Power per Carrier Table 7-11 No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 3.5 3 1.5 4 0.5 5 –0.5 6 –1.5 7 –2.0 8 –2.5 9 –3.0 10 –3.0 11 –3.5 12 –4.0 13 –4.0 14 –4.5 15 –4.5 16 –5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-14 LGCell 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-12 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) High Band Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 4.5 3 2.5 4 1.0 5 0.0 6 –0.5 7 –1.0 8 –1.5 9 –2.0 10 –2.5 11 –2.5 12 –3.0 13 –3.5 14 –3.5 15 –4.0 16 –4.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-13 1800/1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 8.0 2 2.5 3 0.5 4 –0.5 5 –1.5 6 –2.5 7 –3.0 8 –3.5 9 –3.5 10 –4.0 11 –4.5 12 –5.0 13 –5.5 14 –5.5 15 –6.0 16 –6.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-16 LGCell 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes an LGCell deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario: PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B 1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
Estimating RF Coverage 7.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law* in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d0 is taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz. • c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.2.2 Path Loss Slope Table 7-16 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.) Table 7-16 7-20 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Facility PLS for 800/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900 MHz Manufacturing 35 32 Hospital 39.4 38.1 Airport 35 32 Retail 36.1 33.
Estimating RF Coverage 7.2.3 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 7-18 and 7-19, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlogD (3) where PLS is chosen to account for partition losses. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.
Designing an LGCell Solution For reference, Tables 7-18 through 7-24 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 40 133 Hospital 27 88 Airport 40 133 Retail 36 118 Warehouse 40 133 Parking Garage 47 153 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 36 118 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 31 103 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 27 88 Table 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Distance from Antenn
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 38 124 Hospital 21 69 Airport 38 124 Retail 33 110 Warehouse 38 124 Parking Garage 48 156 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 33 110 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 28 93 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 21 69 Table 7-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications Dista
Estimating RF Coverage Table 7-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. B Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 36 119 Hospital 20 67 Airport 36 119 Retail 32 105 Warehouse 36 119 Parking Garage 45 149 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 32 105 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 27 89 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 20 67 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.2.4 Example Design Estimate 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 6 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 7.
Estimating RF Coverage sq. meters (60,719 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 7.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility. If the area to be covered is essentially an unobstructed hallway with some coverage for the offices on either side of the hallway, a more aggressive design using a lower PLS should be used. 6.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.3 System Gain The following table shows a summary of the system gain when 1 km (3300 ft) of 62.5µm/125µm multimode fiber is used. The optical loss of 1 km (3300 ft) of MMF cable ranges from about 0.6 to 1.0 dB optical, depending on the type of cable (i.e., riser zip-cord, loose tube, slotted core, etc.).
System Gain 7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length If the length of MMF cable is less than 1 km (3300 ft), the system gain will increase. If the cable length is between 1 km (3300 ft) and 2 km (6600 ft), the system gain will decrease as the cable length increases. Use the following formula for determining the nominal gain (or loss) of the LGCell. The length of the MMF cable is denoted by L: gain (dB) = 3*(1 – L ) 1000 MMF Cable Length System Gain (dB) 1 m / 3.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of UTP/STP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 50 meters (165 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is less than 20 meters (66 ft), system performance may not meet specifications; the absolute minimum cable length is 10 meters (33 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is longer than 50 meters (165 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 7-26.
Link Budget Analysis 7.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 7.1.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in an LGCell design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design.
Link Budget Analysis Table 7-28 Consideration Thermal Noise Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW). Protocol Signal Bandwidth Thermal Noise TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm CDMA 1.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) 33 –30 c. Power into LGCell (dBm) 3 d. LGCell gain (dB) 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 6 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) i.
Link Budget Analysis Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) –10 c. LGCell gain (dB) d. LGCell noise figure (dB) 27 0 e. System noise figure (dB) 27.2 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 12 3 –92.8 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged.
Link Budget Analysis the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is PTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95) PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 7-30 on page 7-37).
Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Consideration Description Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain: PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1 PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.
Link Budget Analysis 7.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Maximum composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) –30 e. Power per carrier into LGCell (dBm) 3.0 f. Composite power into LGCell (dBm) 10.0 g. LGCell gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 i.
Designing an LGCell Solution • b and c: see notes in Table 7-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=p+v • x=j–w • y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS 7-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Link Budget Analysis Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) 3.0 –30.0 c. LGCell gain (dB) d. LGCell noise figure (dB) 23.0 0.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.4 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 6.0 –134.6 41.6 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l.
Designing an LGCell Solution • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r • u=t–m 7-42 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
Link Budget Analysis 7.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems The LGCell can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the LGCell are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 7.5.1 Attenuation Figure 7-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to an LGCell. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.5.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the LGCell’s REVERSE port and the base station does two things: 1. It attenuates the noise coming out of the LGCell. 2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of the LGCell.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths).
Designing an LGCell Solution 7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing the LGCell for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.
Designing for a Neutral Host System 7.6.
Designing an LGCell Solution 7-50 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev.
SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions This section contains the following subsections: • Section 8.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 • Section 8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 • Section 8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 • Section 8.1.3 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 • Section 8.
Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.1 8.1.1 Installation Requirements Cable and Connector Requirements The LGCell equipment operates over standard TIA/EIA 568-A specification, Category 5 (Cat-5) unshielded twisted pair (UTP) or shielded twisted pair (STP) and standard 62.5µm/125µm multimode fiber cable (MMF), at a wavelength of 1310 nanometers (nm). These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs).
Installation Requirements 8.1.3 Distance Requirements The following table shows the distances between LGCell components and related equipment. Table 8-1 LGCell Distance Requirements Equipment Combination Cable Type Distance Additional Information Repeater to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise. Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical 62.
Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.2 8.2.1 Safety Precautions Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing the LGCell: 1. Do not exceed the maximum ambient air temperature of 45°C during operation. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling within the rack to prevent heat build-up from exceeding this limit. 2. Be careful when servicing these products. If you are removing the system from the rack, turn it off and remove the power cord first.
Safety Precautions 8.2.2 General Safety Precautions The following precautions apply to LGCell products. • LGCell has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at: 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) +44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) • Never input an RF signal to the Main Hub’s duplex or simplex ports that is higher than those defined in Section 7.1 on page 7-3 because the Main Hub could be damaged.
Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with LGCell fiber ports. For information about LGCell compliance with safety standards, see Appendix C. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs.
